Tonga

sovereign state in Oceania, situated on an archipelago

Tonga is a country in Pacific Ocean. It has 169 islands. Only 36 islands have inhabitants. The most important island is Tongatapu. Tupou IV is the king of Tonga and the Prime Minister is Siaosi Sovaleni. The capital of Tonga is Nuku'alofa, which is on Tongatapu.

Kingdom of Tonga
Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga
Coat of arms of Tonga
Coat of arms
Motto: "Ko e ʻOtua mo Tonga ko hoku tofiʻa"
"God and Tonga are my Inheritance"
Anthem: Ko e fasi ʻo e tuʻi ʻo e ʻOtu Tonga
The Song of the King of the Tongan Islands
Location of Tonga
Capital
and largest city
Nukuʻalofa
Official languagesTongan
Recognised national languagesEnglish
Demonym(s)Tongan
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Tupou VI
Siaosi Sovaleni
LegislatureLegislative Assembly
Independence
• from British protection
4 June 1970
Area
• Total
748 km2 (289 sq mi) (186th)
• Water (%)
4.0
Population
• 2021 census
100,209[1] (199th)
• Density
139/km2 (360.0/sq mi) (76tha)
GDP (PPP)2019 estimate
• Total
$655 million
• Per capita
$6,496[2]
GDP (nominal)2019 estimate
• Total
$493 million
• Per capita
$4,888[2]
Gini (2015)Steady 37.6[3]
medium
HDI (2019)Increase 0.725[4]
high · 104th
CurrencyPaʻanga (TOP)
Time zoneUTC+13
DST not observed
Driving sideleft
Calling code+676
ISO 3166 codeTO
Internet TLD.to
  1. Based on 2005 figures.

The official languages of Tonga are Tongan and English. Tonga had 102,321 inhabitants in 2000. It is a very hot country. Tonga became independent in 1970.

History

change

About 3000 years before, the Polynesians had settled in Tongatapu.[5] In 1845, Tāufaʻāhau united Tonga into a kingdom. He declared Tonga a constitutional monarchy. Between 1845 and 1893, slavery was stopped. Also, constitution was made up.

In 1900, Tonga became a protected state of the United Kingdom. Tonga maintained its sovereignty. It remained the only Pacific nation never to have given up its monarchical government. Foreign affairs was managed by the UK. Tonga was no longer a protected state and became independent in 1970. Tonga joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. It became a member of the United Nations in September 1999. Tonga has never lost indigenous governance.

Geography

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A map of Tonga.

Tonga is in Oceania. It is an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean. It has 177 islands. Thirty-six of them are inhabited. The islands are divided into three main groups – Vava'u, Ha'apai, and Tongatapu. The largest island is Tongatapuon. The capital city of Nukuʻalofa is on Tongatapuon.

Politics

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Tāufaʻāhau, King of Tonga (1845–1893).

Tonga is a constitutional monarchy.

Tonga provides for its citizens:

  • free and mandatory education for all
  • secondary education with only nominal fees
  • and foreign-funded scholarships for post-secondary education

Tongans have universal access to a national health care system. The Tongan constitution protects land ownership. Land cannot be sold to foreigners. While there is a land shortage on the urbanised main island of Tongatapu, there is farmland available in the outlying islands.

The majority of the population engages in some form of subsistence production of food. Women and men have equal access to education and health care. They are fairly equal in employment. Women are discriminated against in land holding, electoral politics, and government ministries.

Climate

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The climate is tropical with a distinct warm period (December–April) and a cooler period (May–November). The average wettest period is around March. The average daily humidity is 80%.

Climate data for Nukuʻalofa
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32
(90)
32
(90)
31
(88)
30
(86)
30
(86)
28
(82)
28
(82)
28
(82)
28
(82)
29
(84)
30
(86)
31
(88)
32
(90)
Average high °C (°F) 28
(82)
29
(84)
28
(82)
27
(81)
26
(79)
25
(77)
25
(77)
24
(75)
25
(77)
25
(77)
27
(81)
27
(81)
26
(79)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25
(77)
25
(77)
25
(77)
24
(75)
23
(73)
21
(70)
21
(70)
21
(70)
21
(70)
22
(72)
23
(73)
23
(73)
23
(73)
Average low °C (°F) 22
(72)
22
(72)
22
(72)
21
(70)
20
(68)
18
(64)
17
(63)
18
(64)
17
(63)
19
(66)
20
(68)
20
(68)
20
(68)
Record low °C (°F) 16
(61)
17
(63)
15
(59)
15
(59)
13
(55)
11
(52)
10
(50)
11
(52)
11
(52)
12
(54)
13
(55)
16
(61)
10
(50)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 130
(5.1)
190
(7.5)
210
(8.3)
120
(4.7)
130
(5.1)
100
(3.9)
100
(3.9)
130
(5.1)
110
(4.3)
90
(3.5)
100
(3.9)
120
(4.7)
1,530
(60)
Average rainy days 11 13 14 12 12 10 10 12 10 10 10 10 134
Average relative humidity (%) 77 78 79 76 78 77 75 75 74 74 73 75 76
Source: Weatherbase[6]

References

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  1. "Tonga's population drops to 100,209". Matangi Tonga. 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  3. "Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  4. Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  5. 湯加擁歷史三千年. 有線寬頻. Archived from the original on 2020-03-28. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
  6. "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Nukuʻalofa,Tonga". weatherbase.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-17. Retrieved 2015-01-31.