Voiced alveolar plosive
consonantal sound
The voiced alveolar stop is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨d⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨d⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "d" in dear and desk.
| Voiced alveolar plosive | |
|---|---|
| d | |
| IPA Number | 104 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | d |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0064 |
| X-SAMPA | d |
Features
change- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
- The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is alveolar. This means that this sound is produced with the tip of the tongue (apical) or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge (laminal).
- The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is stop, or plosive. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)
Examples
change| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | дахэ/daahė | [daːxa] | 'pretty' | |
| Assyrian | ܘܪܕܐ werda | [wεrda] | 'flower' | |
| Bengali | ডাব/ḍab | [d̠ab] | 'green coconut' | |
| Catalan[1] | susdit | [sʊzˈd̻it̪] | 'said before' | |
| Czech | do | [do] | 'into' | |
| Dutch[2] | dak | [dɑk] | 'roof' | |
| English | Most speakers | dash | [ˈdæʃ] | 'dash' |
| Finnish | sidos | [ˈsido̞s] | 'bond' | |
| Greek | ντροπή / dropí | [dro̞ˈpi] | 'shame' | |
| Hebrew | דואר/ do'ar | [ˈdo̞.äʁ̞] | 'mail' | |
| Hungarian | adó | [ˈɒdoː] | 'tax' | |
| Kabardian | дахэ/ daahė | [daːxa] | 'pretty' | |
| Korean | 아들 / adeul | [ɐdɯl] | 'son' | |
| Kurdish | Northern | diran | [dɪɾä:n] | 'tooth' |
| Central | ددان/ dadân | [dædä:n] | ||
| Southern | دیان/dîân | [diːä:n] | ||
| Luxembourgish[3] | brudder | [ˈb̥ʀudɐ] | 'brother' | |
| Malay | Standard (incl. Malaysian) | dahan | [dähän] | 'branch' |
| Indonesian[4] | ||||
| Kelantan-Pattani | [dahɛː] | |||
| Maltese | dehen | [den] | 'wit' | |
| Thai | ดาว/ dāw | [daːw] | 'star' | |
| Welsh | diafol | [djavɔl] | 'devil' | |
| West Frisian | doarp | [ˈdwɑrp] | 'village' | |
| Yi | ꄿ/dda | [da˧] | 'competent' | |
| Yonaguni | 与那国 / dunan | [dunaŋ] | 'Yonaguni' | |
Notes
change- ↑ Rafel Fontanals (1999), p. 14.
- ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
- ↑ Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
- ↑ Soderberg & Olson (2008), p. 210.
References
change- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
- Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
- Soderberg, Craig D.; Olson, Kenneth S. (2008), "Indonesian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (2): 209–213, doi:10.1017/s0025100308003320