Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (also known as the Parihara Empire) was a powerful dynasty in the Late Classical Period on the Indian subcontinent.[1][2] This dynasty ruled most of the Northern states of India. This dynasty ruled India for a huge period from the 7th century to the 11th century. They had Ujjain as the capital and later shifted to Kannauj.[3][4]
Gurjara Pratihara dynasty | |
|---|---|
| c. 730 CE–1036 CE | |
.png) Map of the Gurjara-Pratiharas (circa 800-950 CE) | |
| Capital | |
| Common languages | Sanskrit, Prakrit |
• c. 730 – c. 760 | Nagabhata I (first) |
• c. 1024 – c. 1036 | Yasahpala (last) |
| History | |
• Established | c. 730 CE |
| 1008 CE | |
• Disestablished | 1036 CE |
| Today part of | India Bangladesh Nepal |
Rulers
change- Nagabhata I (730–760)
- Kakustha and Devaraja (760–780)
- Vatsaraja (780–800)
- Nagabhata II (800–833)
- Ramabhadra (833–836)
- Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I (836–885)
- Mahendrapala I (885–910)
- Bhoja II (910–913)
- Mahipala I (913–944)
- Mahendrapala II (944–948)
- Devapala (948–954)
- Vinayakapala (954–955)
- Mahipala II (955–956)
- Vijayapala II (956–960)
- Rajahpala (960–1018)
- Trilochanapala (1018–1027)
- Yasahpala (1024–1036)
History
changeNagabhata I (730–756) was the first ruler of the dynasty. He extended his control east and south from Mandor. He conquered Malwa as far as Gwalior and the port of Bharuch in Gujarat.He established his capital at Avanti in Malwa. Nagabhata I was famously known for defeating the Arab army of the Ummayyad Caliphates under Junaid and Tamin.[5] Kakushta and Devaraja are two weak rulers who succeeded Nagabhata I. Vatsaraja (775–805) was the next powerful ruler of the dynasty.
Conquest of Kannauj
change
Kannauj kingdom was ruled by a weak ruler, after the death of Harshavardhana. The Pratiharas, The Palas and The Rashtrakutas fought to get control over Kannauj. But Vatsaraja of Pratihara defeated the Palas and the Rashtrakutas.[6] Around 786, Rashtrakuta ruler Dhruva (780–793) crossed the Narmada River into Malwa. From there he tried to capture Kannauj and defeated Vatsaraja.
Vatsaraja was succeeded by Nagabhata II (805–833). Nagabhata II was initially defeated by the Rashtrakuta ruler Govinda III (793–814). But later recovered Malwa from the Rashtrakutas. He conquered Kannauj and the Indo-Gangetic Plain as far as Bihar from the Palas. He rebuilt the great Shiva temple at Somnath in Gujarat. Kannauj became the center of the Gurjara-Pratihara state. At this time, the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty covered much of northern India.
Rambhadra (833-c. 836) for a short time, succeeded Nagabhata II. Mihira Bhoja (c. 836–886) expanded the Pratihara dynasty west to the border of Sindh, east to Bengal, and south to the Narmada. His son, Mahendrapala I (890–910), expanded further eastwards in Magadha, Bengal, and Assam.
Decline
changeBhoja II (910–912) was the successor of Mahendrapala I . He was overthrown by Mahipala I (912–944). Many kingdoms emerged independent using the weakness of Pratiharas. The south Indian Emperor Indra III (c. 914–928) of the Rashtrakuta dynasty for a short time captured Kannauj in 916. Later again Pratihara ruler gained control over Kannauj. But the dynasty was still weakening due to the attacks of the Turks, Rashtrakutas and several other dynasties. Mahmud of Ghazni captured Kannauj in 1018, and the Pratihara ruler Rajapala fled (escaped). Somehow Rajapala was captured and killed by a Chandela Ruler named Vidhyadhara.[7][8]The Chandela ruler then placed Rajapala's son Trilochanpala on the throne. Jasapala, the last Gurjara-Pratihara ruler died in 1036.
Reference
change- ↑ Raghuvanshi, V. P. S. (1969). Indian Society in the Eighteenth Century. Associated Publishing House. ISBN 978-0-8426-1478-8.
- ↑ Experts, Disha (2017-07-11). The History Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies CSAT Paper 1, UPSC & State PSC 2nd Edition. Disha Publications. ISBN 978-93-86323-44-6.
- ↑ Sharma, Prashant; joshu, Rajesh (2023-06-15). FAQ Volume-1 (History, Geography, Indian polity and Indian Economy). Acme a point of perfection private limited. ISBN 978-81-951556-1-3.
- ↑ Board, Pratiyogita Darpan Editorial. Pratiyogita Darpan Extra Issue Series-3 Indian History. Upkar Prakashan.
- ↑ Wink, André (2002). Al-Hind : the making of the Indo-Islamic world ([3rd ed.]. ed.). Boston, MA: Brill. ISBN 978-0-391-04173-8.
- ↑ al., P.N. Chopra (ed.) ... [et (2003). A comprehensive history of ancient India. New Delhi: Sterling Publ. ISBN 978-81-207-2503-4.
- ↑ Dikshit, R. K. (1976). The Candellas of Jejākabhukti. ISBN 9788170170464.
- ↑ The Early Rulers of Khajurāho. Motilal Banarsidass. 1977. ISBN 9788120819979.