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List of Iranic dynasties and countries

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This is a list of Iranic states, dynasties and empires.

Current

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Independent

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Name Status of Iranic lanaguage Years
 
Iran 		Persian is the official language[1] 1979
 
Tajikistan 		Tajik is the state (national) language[2] 1991
 
Afghanistan 		Pashto and Dari is the official languge[3] First Islamic Emirate in between 1996 and 2001 second emirate since the 2021

Autonomous

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Federal subjects (Republics) of Russia
Name Years
 
North Ossetia–Alania 		2010 – 65.1% Ossetians 1992
 
Dagestan 		2010 – 0.01% Tats 1992
Other autonomy
 
Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County 		2020 – 80.9% Tajiks[4] 1954
 
AANES
–
 2013
 
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
–
 1991
Self-governing provinces subject to the federal government in Pakistan
 
Balochistan 		2017 – by language, 35.49% Balochi, 35.34% Pashto[5] 1970
 
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 		2017 – by language, 76.86% Pashto[5] 1970

Historical

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Distribution of Iranic peoples during the Iron Age.

Current Iranic peoples

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Ethnicity Native name
Persians Persia
Pashtuns Afghanistan
Kurds Kurdistan
Tajiks Tajikistan
Balochs Balochistan
Lurs Luristan
Gilaks Gilan
Mazandaranis Mazandaran
Zazas
Talyshs Talish
Ossetians Ossetia
Tats (Iran)
Pamiris Pamir
Wakhis
Tats (Caucasus)
Yaghobis Yaghnob
Kumzaris Kumzar

Historical Iranic peoples and tribal conferedations

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  • Alans
  • Sogdians
  • Scythians[6]
  • Dahaeans
  • Parthians
  • Cimmerians[7][8]
  • Sarmatians
  • Sakas
  • Medes
  • Daylamites
  • Massagetaeans
  • Khwarezmians

Iranic states and dynasties

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Sinicized Iranic dynasties

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  • Yan dynasty (756–764) of Sogdian and Göktürk origin

Turkified Iranic states

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  • Khoy Khanate (1731–1799) Ruled by Turkified Kurdish tribe of Donboli
[12] origin later Turkified
  • Tabriz Khanate (1757–1799) Ruled by Turkified Kurdish tribe of Donboli

Hellenized Iranic states

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  • Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–36 BC) Ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin until 36 BC
  • Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–36 BC) Ruled by the Ariarathid dynasty until 96 BC, by Ariobarzanid dynasty until 36 BC, both are Persian origin

Former and defunct Iranic governments

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Name Notes Years Capital Map
  Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus was a country in the North Caucasus formed by the unification of many North Caucasian peoples including Ossetians 1917–1922 Buynaksk  
  Kingdom of Kurdistan short-lived Kurdish state proclaimed in the city of Sulaymaniyah following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire 1921–1924/1925 Sulaymaniyah  
  Republic of Ararat was a self-proclaimed Kurdish state, located in eastern Turkey, centred on Karaköse Province 1927–1931 Doğubayazıt  
  Republic of Kurdistan short-lived Kurdish self-governing unrecognized state in present-day Iran who was puppet of Soviet Union 1945–1946 Mahabad  
  Republic of Afghanistan was the first republic in Afghanistan, often called the Daoud Republic, as it was established in July 1973 after General Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan deposed his cousin, King Mohammad Zahir Shah, in a coup d'état 1973–1978 Kabul  
  Interim Government of Iran provisional government after the Islamic Revolution in Iran 1979 Tehran
 

Teritories

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Russian Empire

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  • Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917) including the many Ossetian, Tat and Kurdish populated lands. There are fourteen provinces called governorate, oblast, okrug and gradonachalstvo

Soviet Union

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  •   Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1921) short-lived Soviet republic in Gilak and Talysh populated regions of Iran
  •   North Ossetian ASSR (1936–1992) Ossetian republic in northern Ossetian-populated lands
  •   South Ossetian AO (1922–1990) Ossetian autonomous oblast in southern Ossetian-populated lands
  • Kurdistan uezd (1923–1929) Kurdish uezd of Kurdish-populated lands in Karabakh
  •   North Ossetian AO (1924–1936) Ossetian autonomous oblast in northern Ossetian-populated lands
  •   Tajikistan SSR (1929–1991) Tajik soviet republic in Tajik populated lands

Turko-Iranic states and dynasties

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  • Ghaznavids (977–1186)[13]
  • Seljuk Empire (1037–1194) – generally consiered as Turko-Persian[14]

Notes

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  1. ↑ The father of Dost Mohammad Khan, the founder of the dynasty, was the chief of the Pashtun Barakzai tribe, his family can be traced back to Abdal (the first and founder of the Pashtun Durrānī/Abdālī tribe), through Hajji Jamal Khan, Yousef, Yaru, Mohammad, Omar Khan, Khisar Khan, Ismail, Nek, Daru, Saifal, and Barak. Abdal had Four sons, Popal, Barak, Achak, and Alako. His mother was a Qizilbash from the Persian Sīāh Manṣūr tribe.

References

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  1. ↑ Constitution of Iran, Article 15.
  2. ↑ Constitution of Tajikistan, Article 2.
  3. ↑ Constitution of Afghanistan, Article 16.
  4. ↑ 塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县基本概况 [Basic Situation of Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County]. (in Mandarin). "塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县（简称塔县）地处祖国西部边陲，帕米尔高原东麓，平均海拔4000米以上。全县总面积2.5万平方公里，辖12个乡镇50个村（社区），总人口4.1万人，塔吉克族占80.9%，是全国唯一的塔吉克民族自治县，外与巴基斯坦、阿富汗、塔吉克斯坦及克什米尔地区接壤，边境线长793.6公里，" ["The county has a total area of ​​25,000 square kilometers, governs 12 townships and 50 villages (communities), and has a total population of 41,000. Tajiks account for 80.9%. It is the only Tajik ethnic autonomous county in the country. The region borders with a border line of 793.6 kilometers long."]
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Census Final Results – Mother Tongue". (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 2017.
  6. ↑  • Ivantchik 2018: "SCYTHIANS, a nomadic people of Iranian origin (...)"
     • Harmatta 1996, p. 181: "The rise of the Scythian kingdom represented an event of intra-ethnic character, since both Cimmerians and Scythians were Iranian peoples."
     • Sulimirski 1985, pp. 149–153: "During the first half of the first millennium B.C., c. 3,000 to 2,500 years ago, the southern part of Eastern Europe was occupied mainly by peoples of Iranian stock [...] [T]he population of ancient Scythia was far from being homogeneous, nor were the Scyths themselves a homogeneous people. The country called after them was ruled by their principal tribe, the "Royal Scyths" (Her. iv. 20), who were of Iranian stock and called themselves "Skolotoi" (...)"
     • West 2002, pp. 437–440: "[T]rue Scyths seems to be those whom [Herodotus] calls Royal Scyths, that is, the group who claimed hegemony [...] apparently warrior-pastoralists. It is generally agreed, from what we know of their names, that these were people of Iranian stock (...)"
     • Rolle 1989, p. 56: "The physical characteristics of the Scythians correspond to their cultural affiliation: their origins place them within the group of Iranian peoples."
     • Rostovtzeff 1922, p. 13: "The Scythian kingdom [...] was succeeded in the Russian steppes by an ascendancy of various Sarmatian tribes — Iranians, like the Scythians themselves."
     • Minns 2011, p. 36: "The general view is that both agricultural and nomad Scythians were Iranian."
  7. ↑ Harmatta 1996, p. 181.
  8. ↑ Tokhtas’ev 1991, p. 563–567.
  9. ↑ Bosworth 1999, p. 90.
  10. ↑ Bosworth 1996, p. 147: "The Sājids were a line of caliphal governors in north-western Persia, the family of a commander in the 'Abbasid service of Soghdian descent which became culturally Arabised."
  11. ↑ Bosworth 1996, p. 89.
  12. ↑  • Amoretti, Biancamaria Scarcia; Matthee, Rudi (2009). "Ṣafavid Dynasty". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. "Of Kurdish ancestry, the Ṣafavids started as a Sunnī mystical order (...)"
     • Matthee, Rudi (2005). The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500-1900. Princeton Universty Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-3260-6. p. 18. "The Safavids, as Iranians of Kurdish ancestry and of nontribal background (...)"
     • Matthee, Rudi (2008). "SAFAVID DYNASTY". Encyclopædia Iranica. "As Persians of Kurdish ancestry and of a non-tribal background, the Safavids did not fit this pattern, though the state they set up with the assistance of Turkmen tribal forces of eastern Anatolia closely resembled this division in its makeup."
     • Savory, Roger (2008). "EBN BAZZĀZ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VIII. Fasc. 1. p. 8. "This official version contains textual changes designed to obscure the Kurdish origins of the Safavid family and to vindicate their claim to descent from the Imams."
     • Algar, Hamid (2006). "IRAN ix. RELIGIONS IN IRAN (2) Islam in Iran (2.3) Shiʿism in Iran Since the Safavids". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XIII. Fasc. 5, pp. 456–474. "The Safavids originated as a hereditary lineage of Sufi shaikhs centered on Ardabil, Shafeʿite in school and probably Kurdish in origin."
  13. ↑  • Ziad 2006, p. 294: "The Ghaznavids inherited Samanid administrative, political, and cultural traditions and laid the foundations for a Persianate state in northern India."
     • Canfield 1991, p. 8: "The Ghaznavids (989–1149) were essentially Persianized Turks who in manner of the pre-Islamic Persians encouraged the development of high culture."
     • Spuler 1970, p. 147: "Firdawsi was writing his Shah-nama. One of the effects of the renaissance of the Persian spirit evoked by this work was that the Ghaznavids were also persianized and thereby became a Persian dynasty."
  14. ↑  • Pfeifer 2022, p. 46: "The cultural influence of the Turco-Persian Seljuks long outlasted their political control of Anatolia, and the Turkish principalities that succeeded them starting in the late thirteenth cetury continued to look to that tradition for models of refinement and sociability."
     • Khazonov 2015, p. 373: "The Seljuk Empire was another Turco-Iranian state, and its creation was unexpected even by the Seljuks themselves."
     • Neumann & Wigen 2018, p. 135: "The Seljuq Empire is nevertheless the foremost example of a Turko-Persian Islamic empire."
     • Patridge 2018, p. 96: "Under his leadership, the Nezāris mounted a decentralized revolutionary effort against the militarily superior Turko-Persian Saljuq empire."

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