Russian Ground Forces

"Russian Army" redirects here. For other uses, see Russian Army (disambiguation).

The Russian Ground Forces (Russian: Сухопутные войска [СВ], romanized: Sukhoputnyye voyska [SV]), also known as the Russian Army (Russian: Армия России, romanized: Armiya Rossii, lit. 'Army of Russia'), are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces.

Ground Forces of the Russian Federation
Сухопутные войска Российской Федерации
Emblem of the Russian Ground Forces
Founded	1550 1992 (current form)
Country	Russia
Type	Army
Size	360,000 active duty
Part of	Russian Armed Forces
Headquarters	Frunzenskaya Embankment 20-22, Moscow
Patron	Saint Alexander Nevsky
Colors	Red      Black      Grey      Green
March	Forward, infantry! Вперёд, пехота!
Anniversaries	1 October
Engagements	Transnistria War Civil War in Tajikistan East Prigorodny Conflict War in Abkhazia 1993 Russian constitutional crisis First Chechen War War of Dagestan 1999 East Timorese crisis Second Chechen War Russo-Georgian War Insurgency in the North Caucasus Invasion of Ukraine Syrian Civil War Iraqi Civil War 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Website	structure.mil.ru/structure/forces/ground.htm
Commanders
Commander-in-Chief	Army General Oleg Salyukov
First Deputy Commander-in-Chief	Colonel General Vasily Tonkoshkurov
Deputy Commander-in-Chief	Lieutenant General Aleksandr Matovnikov
Insignia
Flag
Patch
Middle emblem
Insignia

The main responsibilities of the Russian Ground Forces are the protection of Russia's borders, combat on land, and the defeat of enemy troops. The President of Russia is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The Main Command of the Ground Forces is based in Moscow.

History

As the Soviet Union dissolved, Soviet officials tried to keep the Soviet Armed Forces as a single military for the new Commonwealth of Independent States. The last Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union, Marshal Yevgeny Shaposhnikov, was made supreme commander of the CIS Armed Forces in December 1991. Once it became clear that Ukraine (and possibly the other republics) was going to form their own armed forces, the new Russian government moved to form its own armed forces.

Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree creating the Russian Ministry of Defence on 7 May 1992. This created the Russian Ground Forces and the other branches of the military.

Post-Soviet reform plans

The Ministry of Defence newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda published a reform plan on 21 July 1992. The General Staff turned further towards conservatism. This caused a lot of problems. The reform plan wanted a change from an Army-Division-Regiment structure to a Corps-Brigade structure. They wanted the new structures to be better in a situation with no front line.

Few of the reforms planned in the early 1990s actually happened. This was for three reasons: Firstly, there was not enough help or support from the government, with President Yeltsin mainly interested in making sure that the Armed Forces were controllable and loyal, rather than reformed. Secondly, there was not enough funding. Finally, there was no consensus in the military about what reforms should happen.

Crime and corruption in the ground forces

The new Russian Ground Forces also got a growing crime problem from their Soviet predecessors. As draft resistance grew in the last years of the Soviet Union, the authorities put people with criminal records and who spoke little or no Russian in the army. Crime rates grew quickly. Weapons disappeared or were stolen more as well.

In March 2011, Military Prosecutor General Sergei Fridinsky reported that crimes had been rising in the Russian Ground Forces for the past 18 months, with 500 crimes reported in the period of January to March 2011 alone.

In August 2012, Prosecutor General Fridinsky again said that there was a rise in crime. Murders rose by more than half, bribery cases doubled, and drug trafficking rose by 25% in the first six months of 2012 compared to the same period in 2011. The Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia said the state of the Russian army was a "crime against humanity".

In July 2013, the Prosecutor General's office showed that corruption in 2013 rose 450% compared to 2012. This corruption cost the Russian government 4.4 billion rubles (US$130 million).

Chechen Wars

First Chechen War

See also: First Chechen War

With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Chechens declared independence in November 1991. They declared independence under the leadership of a former Air Forces officer, General Dzhokar Dudayev. Chechen independence was seen as lowering Moscow's authority. Chechnya was seen as a haven for criminals. Soon a group within the Kremlin wanted war. A Security Council meeting was held 29 November 1994 on the issue. Yeltsin ordered the Chechens to disarm, or else Moscow would invade. Defense Minister Pavel Grachev told Yeltsin that he would "take Grozny with one airborne assault regiment in two hours."

The operation started on 11 December 1994 and, by 31 December, Russian forces were entering Grozny, the Chechen capital. The 131st Motor Rifle Brigade was told to make a push for the centre of the city. However, it was almost fully destroyed in Chechen ambushes. After finally taking Grozny, Russian troops moved on to other Chechen strongholds. Chechen militants took hostages in the Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis in Stavropol Krai in June 1995. This caused hope for peace. However, the fighting continued. After this incident, the Chechen separatists were called insurgents or terrorists in Russia.

Dzhokar Dudayev was assassinated in a Russian airstrike on 21 April 1996. In that summer, a Chechen attack retook Grozny. Secretary of the Security Council Alexander Lebed began talks with the Chechen rebel leader Aslan Maskhadov in August 1996 and signed an agreement on 22/23 August. The agreement was that by the end of that month, the fighting would end. The ceasefire was signed in the Dagestani town of Khasavyurt on 31 August 1996.

Second Chechen War

See also: Second Chechen War

The Second Chechen War started in August 1999 after Chechen militias invaded Dagestan. After this was a series of four terrorist bombings across Russia. This caused Russian military action against the alleged Chechen culprits.

In the First Chechen War, the Russians bombarded an area with artillery and airstrikes before moving the land forces. Improvements were made in the Ground Forces between 1996 and 1999 and its performance during the Second Chechen War improved because of this.

The war started to slow down, however. Small-scale conflict continued to happen. As of November 2007, fighting had spread across other parts of the Russian Caucasus. The Second Chechen War officially ended on 16 April 2009.

Russo-Ukrainian War

Russia started putting many troops on the Ukrainian border starting in late 2021.

On February 24, 2022, Russian troops began invading Ukraine. During this invasion, Russia lost many tanks to Ukrainian anti-tank systems. As of 6 May, at least 12 generals have been killed in Ukraine.

Equipment

See the main article: List of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces

A T-14 Armata tank

The Russian Ground Forces has lots of vehicles and equipment. A lot of these are older Soviet designs.

New equipment, like the Armata Universal Combat Platform, Bumerang, and Kurganets-25, has been brought in since 2015. They have begun replacing old tanks and armored vehicles such as the BMPs, BTRs like the T-72, T-90, BMP-1/2/3, and BTR-80s.

Equipment summary

Figures listed as "Active" only include equipment that is in active service.

Type	Active	Reserve
Main battle tanks	2,800	≈16,500
Infantry fighting vehicles	5,160	≈19,500
Armoured personnel carriers	6,100	≈18,000+
Towed artillery	150	≈12,415
Self-propelled artillery	1,610	≈4,260
Rocket artillery	1,352
SAM systems	2,531

List of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces

• 
  2K12 Kub (400 units)
• 
  ZSU-23-4 Shilka (350 units)
• Tornado (multiple rocket launcher) (250 units)
• BM-21 Grad (100 units)
• 
  BM-30 Smerch (100 units)
• 9K720 Iskander
• BMP-3
• T-72 (7,000 units)
• 
  S-300 Antey-300/S-300V4 (2,000 units)
• 
  K-612-O/KDKhR-1N (nuclear)
• 
  9S932T-1 Barnaul-T (air defense)
• 
  BMO-T
• 
  9P149 Shturm-S/SM (900 units)
• 
  2S19
• 
  Buk-M3
• 
  RPM-2 (Armoured chemical)
• 
  BRM-3K "Rys" (1500 units)
• 
  T-90 (370 units)
• 
  BMP-3 (620 units)
• 
  BMP-2 (4,500 units)
• 
  TOS-1 (30 units)
• 
  2S7M Malka (60 units)
• 
  BTR-90 (6,000 units)
• 
  MT-LB (4,000 units)
• 
  BPM-97 (5,500 units)
• 
  Iskander-M Missile (302 units)
• 
  BTR-82A (Over 1,000 units)
• 
  T-80 (450 units)

Ranks and insignia

See the main article: Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation

The Russian Army kept most of the ranks of the Soviet Army, with some small changes.

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