Solanki Gurjars
Solanki[1][2][3][4] is one of the important clan group found in the Gujjar community India and Pakistan.
| Solanki, Solangi | |
|---|---|
| Religions | |
| Languages | |
| Country | |
| Region | |
| Ethnicity | Gurjar (Gujjar) |
In Sindhi and Punjabi, they refer to it as Solangi in the regions of Sindh, South Punjab, and Balochistan.[5] They're mostly Hindu in north Indian states, but some are also Muslim, largely in Pakistani areas.[6][7][8][9]
Origin
changeThey belonged to the Hindu lineage.[10]
Distributions
changeThey are found in Pakistani provinces like in Sindh,[5] Balochistan and Punjab.[5] But they mainly inhabit in the Indian states of Rajasthan,[11] Gujarat,[1] Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, and Dehli.
References
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 singh, Rajinder (2023-01-01). Gujrat Indian State. Guarav book center. p. 13.
The Solanki clan of Gurjars ruled Gujarat from c. 960 to 1243. Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their capital at Anhilwara (Patan) was one of the largest cities in India, with population estimated at 100,000 in the year 1000. In 1026, the famous Somnath temple in Gujarat was destroyed by Mahmud of Ghazni. After 1243, the Solkanis lost control of Gujarat to their feudatories, of whom the Vaghela chiefs of Dholka came to dominate Gujarat.
[permanent dead link] - ↑ Raghavan, V. R. (2012-05-09). Conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir: Impact on Polity, Society and Economy. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 257. ISBN 978-93-82573-33-3.
History tells us that Gujjars have ruled from Gujarat, Jodhpur, and Kathiawad to Baliya during 641 century A.D. and during this time it was known as Gujjar Desh. Chawada and Solanki Gujjars have ruled over Deccan Gujarat from 610-942 A.D, while Gujjars ruled over here from 700-1573 A.D. Central Institute of Indian language, Mysore has prepared a Grammar. in which is written that Gujjars left the plain areas after their decline and shifted to Himalayan regions.
- ↑ Singh, K. S. (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1320. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3.
- ↑ Vidya Prakash Tyagi (2009). Martial Races Of Undivided India. Kalpaz Publisher. p. 240.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Rahi, Javaid (2012-01-01). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu. p. 313.
It is Solanki in Gujrati and Rajasthani, Solangi in Sindhi and Punjabi.
- ↑ Bipin Shah (2020-03-15). Agnikul Legend and Origin Of Gujaratis. pp. 5 and 6.
pithet "Pratihara" after "Gurjara" comes with dubious distinctions. Some opines that they served as a body guards to other rulers like Guhilot while some say the epithet was given as the defender of the India's frontier since they repulsed and threw out Arab's from India's heartland. In spite of their military success, they must have remained delegitimized in the eyes of masses and Brahmins because of their obscure foreign origin. The other Gujjar clans like Chauhan, Paramara, Solanki, Chavda, Vaghela and Guhilot remained the allies and fiduciary to paramount ruler of Imperial Gurjara-Pratihara.
- ↑ Abram, David (2014-04-24). Stefan Loose ReisefŸhrer Indien (in German). DuMont Reiseverlag. p. 613. ISBN 978-3-7701-6734-0.
Im 11. und 12. Jh. fiel Saurashtra schließlich in die Hände der Solanki (oder Chalukyan)-Dy- nastie, die von einem Gurjar-Clan abstamm- te. Es folgte ein goldenes Zeitalter, in dem die Herrscher neue prachtvolle Hindu- und Jain- Tempel und Stufenbrunnen erbauen ließen und jene wieder aufbauten, die dem verheerenden Beutezug des Mahmud von Ghazni im Jahr 1027 zum Opfer gefallen waren.
- ↑ Guides, Rough (2024-01-01). The Rough Guide to India: Travel Guide eBook. Apa Publications (UK) Limited. ISBN 978-1-83905-960-5.
- ↑ *Chandra, Ramesh (2004). Cities and Towns of India. Commonwealth Publishers. p. 1947. ISBN 978-81-7169-808-0.
In 941 (961?) the kingdom of Anhilvada was conquered by Mularaja Solanki, son of a Gujar chief who probably ruled somewhere in northern Rajputana.
- Ram, Babu (1959). Hand-book on India for Political-workers. Chowdhry Babu Ram. p. 53.
Their empire broke up into separate states-Chouhans of Ajmer, Paramars of Dhar, Chavadas of Ahnilvada. In 941 A.D. the Kingdom of Ahnilvada was conquered by Mulraj Solanki son of a Gujar Chief.
- Ram, Babu (1959). Hand-book on India for Political-workers. Chowdhry Babu Ram. p. 53.
- ↑ Warikoo, Kulbhushan; Som, Sujit (2000). Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. p. 9.
- ↑ Singh, K. S. (1998). Rajasthan (2 parts.). Popular Prakashan. p. 406. ISBN 978-81-7154-766-1.
Further reading
change- Smt. Hiralaxmi Navanitbhai Shah Dhanya Gurjari Kendra (2007) Gujarat Gujarat Vishvakosh Trust. p.75 "It was during the Solanki period that the region got the name 'Guriar Desh' or 'Gujarat'."
- United Service Institution of India (1921) Journal of the United Service Institution of India: Volumes 50-51 p.335 "The principal division of the Gujars in the Punjab District bears the name of Chohan.* The Solanki Oswals, the leading class of great king of Anhilvada is called the Gujar.* Western Indian Jains, are Gujars. In poems Bhim Solanki, the great king of Anhilvada is called the Gujar."
- Bombay (India : State) (1904) Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Volume 27 Printed at the Government Central Press. p.143
- Horace Arthur Rose, Sir Denzil Ibbetson, Sir Edward Maclagan (1911) A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province: Based on the Census Report for the Punjab, 1883, Volume 2 superintendent, Government printing, Punjab. p.311
- Bombay (India : State) (1913) Annual Report of the Administration Government Central Press. p.8 "In A.D. 946 the kingdom of Anahilaváda was conquered by Múlarája Solanki, son of a Gujar Chief who probably ruled somewhere in Northern Rajputána. A few years later (A.D. 973) a revolution took place in the Deccan also, when Tailapa II, who was connected in some way with the old Chalukya family, overthrew the Rashtrakútas and set up a new Chálukya kingdom, for whose capital Kalyan in the Deccan was soon chosen. His, follower Bårappa founded a subordinate dynasty in Southern Gujarát, but further south the Siláháras still continued to rule the coast."
- Robert Vane Russell (1916) pt. II. Descriptive articles on the principal castes and tribes of the Central Provinces Macmillan and Company, limited. p.169
- James Sutherland Cotton, Sir Richard Burn, Sir William Stevenson Meyer, William Meyer (1907) Imperial Gazetteer of India Clarendon Press. p.281 "In 941 (961?) the kingdom of Anhilvāda was conquered by Mūlarājā Solanki, son of a Gujar chief who probably ruled somewhere in northern Rajputana."
- Bombay (India : State) (1921) Bombay, a Review of the Administration of the Presidency Printed at the Government Central Press. p.6
- V. Verma (2000) Ban-Gujars: A Nomadic Tribe in Himachal Pradesh B.R. Publishing Corporation. p.43 ISBN:978-8176461122
- Omacanda Hāṇḍā (1998) Textiles, Costumes, and Ornaments of the Western Himalaya Indus Publishing Company. p.258 ISBN:978-8173870767