Pope

This article is about Popes in general. For the current Pope, see Pope Francis.

The Pope is the head of the Catholic Church.^[1] His official title is the Bishop of Rome.^[2] Politically, he is also the head of state or sovereign of the Vatican City. ^[2] The current Pope is Pope Francis.^[3]

Popes are elected by Cardinals of the Catholic Church. Once they are elected, they hold the position until they die or resign. The Pope can’t be an organ donor.^[4] Usually they do not resign, though; Pope Benedict XVI is the only Pope to resign in the last 500 years. A newly elected Pope chooses a regnal name. Everyone is told this new name when the Habemus Papam is read out. The current pope (Francis) was called Jorge Bergoglio before he became a pope.

The name Pope comes from the Greek word pappas, meaning "father".^[1] Catholic doctrine holds that when making statements ex cathedra, that is official statements teaching about faith and morals, the Pope is infallible - which means God will not allow his followers to be misled by allowing their leader to make a wrong statement. Only two of any Pope's statements have been ex cathedra.^[5]

Popes today travel to many countries around the world preaching. The Pope is the only person in the world who both leads the church and government. Like other bishops he wears a big hat called a mitre and holds a staff called a crosier.

Recent popes

Some recent Popes, and the time they were Pope:

Pope John XXIII, 1958-1963
Pope Paul VI, 1963-1978
Pope John Paul I, 1978
Pope John Paul II, 1978-2005
Pope Benedict XVI, 2005-2013^[6]
Pope Francis, current pope

The Popes in Avignon

During parts of the Middle Ages, the French kings had a lot of influence in Europe. For this reason, seven popes (and two anti-popes) lived in Avignon, rather than Rome. The Avignon Papacy was from 1309 to 1377. During that time, the popes were known for their greed and corruption.^[7] These popes were allies of France; the enemies of France were also their enemies.^[8]

The Bishops of Rome who lived in Avignon were:

Pope Clement V: 1305–1314
Pope John XXII: 1316–1334
Pope Benedict XII: 1334–1342
Pope Clement VI: 1342–1352
Pope Innocent VI: 1352–1362
Pope Urban V: 1362–1370
Pope Gregory XI: 1370–1378

Two antipopes were based in Avignon as well:

Clement VII: 1378–1394
Benedict XIII: 1394–1423 (expelled from Avignon in 1403)

Antipopes were people that were elected by small groups who did not like the official choice. Catherine of Siena convinced pope Gregory XI to move back to Rome. Unfortunately, he died shortly after moving. The cardinals then elected Urban VI to be the next pope. The French cardinals did not recognise this election as legitimate. They declared the papal see as vacant; which led to the Western Schism. The schism lasted until the Council of Constance in 1417. During this time, there was a pope in Rome, an Antipope in Avignon, and for some time, a second antipope. Each of the three was recognised as legitimate pope by different European powers. This led to a big split in the church as a whole. The council elected Pope Martin V as a new pope, recognised by all parties.

Related pages

References

Emblem of the popes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Pope," 'Catholic Encyclopedia (2009); retrieved 2013-4-1.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Thomas J. Reese, Inside the Vatican: The Politics and Organization of the Catholic Church (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), p. 10
↑ "List of Popes," 'Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2013-4-1.
↑ Herald, The Catholic (2011-02-05). "Pope cannot be organ donor, Vatican official says". Catholic Herald. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
↑ Apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus, written by Pope Pius XII, 1 November 1950 "Munificentissimus Deus".; Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, written by Pope Pius IX, 8 December 1854.
↑ Lizzy Davies. "Pope Benedict XVI resigns," Guardian UK). 11 February 2013; retrieved 2013-2-11.
↑ Durant, Will. The Reformation. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1957. "Chapter I. The Roman Catholic Church." 1300-1517. p. 3-25
↑ Durant, Will. The Reformation. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1957. "Chapter II. England: Wyclif, Chaucer, and the Great Revolt." 1308-1400. p. 26-57

Other websites

Media related to Popes at Wikimedia Commons

[catholic-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Pope," 'Catholic Encyclopedia (2009); retrieved 2013-4-1.

[Reese10-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Thomas J. Reese, Inside the Vatican: The Politics and Organization of the Catholic Church (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), p. 10

[3] "List of Popes," 'Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2013-4-1.

[4] Herald, The Catholic (2011-02-05). "Pope cannot be organ donor, Vatican official says". Catholic Herald. Retrieved 2024-09-07.

[5] Apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus, written by Pope Pius XII, 1 November 1950 "Munificentissimus Deus".; Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, written by Pope Pius IX, 8 December 1854.

[6] Lizzy Davies. "Pope Benedict XVI resigns," Guardian UK). 11 February 2013; retrieved 2013-2-11.

[R:RCC-7] Durant, Will. The Reformation. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1957. "Chapter I. The Roman Catholic Church." 1300-1517. p. 3-25

[R:EWCGR-8] Durant, Will. The Reformation. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1957. "Chapter II. England: Wyclif, Chaucer, and the Great Revolt." 1308-1400. p. 26-57

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