2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup

19th FIFA U-20 World Cup, held in Turkey in 2013

The 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup was the nineteenth edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup. It ran from 21 June to 13 July 2013. France won the tournament and their first U-20 World Cup, and thus became the first nation to win all five FIFA 11-a-side men's titles (FIFA World Cup, FIFA Confederations Cup, FIFA U-20 World Cup, FIFA U-17 World Cup, and Olympic gold medal).[1][2]

2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup
2013 FIFA U-20 Dünya Kupası
Tournament details
Host countryTurkey
Dates21 June – 13 July
Teams24 (from 6 confederations)
Venue(s)7 (in 7 host cities)
Final positions
Champions France (1st title)
Runners-up Uruguay
Third place Ghana
Fourth place Iraq
Tournament statistics
Matches played52
Goals scored152 (2.92 per match)
Attendance303,251 (5,832 per match)
Top scorer(s)Ghana Ebenezer Assifuah
(6 goals)
Best player(s)France Paul Pogba
Best goalkeeperUruguay Guillermo de Amores
Fair play award Spain
2011
2015
Map of results

Bids change

At the deadline date of 17 January 2011, three member associations confirmed they would be bidding for the event.[3] Neither Turkey nor Uzbekistan had ever been hosts to a FIFA competition, while the United Arab Emirates were hosts of the U-20s in 2003.

Venues change

Istanbul Kayseri Bursa
Türk Telekom Arena[4] Kadir Has Stadium Atatürk Stadium
41°6′10.33″N 28°59′25.51″E / 41.1028694°N 28.9904194°E / 41.1028694; 28.9904194 (Türk Telekom Arena) 38°44′13.7″N 35°25′23.76″E / 38.737139°N 35.4232667°E / 38.737139; 35.4232667 (Kadir Has Stadium) 40°11′33.53″N 29°2′55.52″E / 40.1926472°N 29.0487556°E / 40.1926472; 29.0487556 (Bursa Atatürk Stadium)
Capacity: 52,652 Capacity: 32,864 Capacity: 25,213
     
Trabzon
2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup (Turkey)
Hüseyin Avni Aker Stadium
41°0′16.68″N 39°42′18.84″E / 41.0046333°N 39.7052333°E / 41.0046333; 39.7052333 (Hüseyin Avni Aker Stadium)
Capacity: 23,772
 
Gaziantep Rize Antalya
Kamil Ocak Stadium Yeni Şehir Stadium Akdeniz University Stadium
37°4′3.26″N 37°22′39.33″E / 37.0675722°N 37.3775917°E / 37.0675722; 37.3775917 (Gaziantep Kamil Ocak Stadium) 41°1′23″N 40°31′58.6″E / 41.02306°N 40.532944°E / 41.02306; 40.532944 (Yeni Rize Şehir Stadı) 36°53′37.67″N 30°38′48.21″E / 36.8937972°N 30.6467250°E / 36.8937972; 30.6467250 (Akdeniz University Stadium)
Capacity: 16,981 Capacity: 15,485 Capacity: 7,083
 

Qualification change

In addition to host nation Turkey, 23 nations qualified from six separate continental competitions.

Confederation Qualifying Tournament Qualifier(s)
AFC(Asia) 2012 AFC U-19 Championship   Australia

  Iraq   South Korea   Uzbekistan

CAF(Africa) 2013 African U-20 Championship   Egypt

  Ghana   Mali   Nigeria

CONCACAF(North, Central America & Caribbean) 2013 CONCACAF U-20 Championship   Cuba1

  El Salvador1   Mexico   United States

CONMEBOL(South America) 2013 South American Youth Championship   Chile

  Colombia   Paraguay   Uruguay

OFC(Oceania) 2013 OFC U-20 Championship   New Zealand
UEFA(Europe) Host nation   Turkey
2012 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship   Croatia

  England   France   Greece1   Portugal  Spain

1. ^ Teams that made their debut.

Organization and emblem change

To mark the one year countdown date to the competition, FIFA, as well as members of the Turkish FA, announced that the emblem would be presented to the media on 25 June 2012 at Ciragan Palace Mabeyn Hall in Istanbul.[5] Details of the ticketing access were made publicly available on 30 November 2012.[6][7]

Host city logos for each participating stadium were shown to the general public on 20 March 2013, with each taking inspiration from their surroundings.[8] The official logo included an Evil Eye protector, worn or hung inside Turkish homes to bring luck.[9]

Mascot change

The mascot for the tournament was called Kanki, a blue-eyed Kangal puppy.[10]

Theme song change

The official theme song for the tournament was Yıldızlar Buradan Yükseliyor, which is translated as Building Bridges for Rising Stars, performed by Turkish rock band Gece.[11][12]

Draw change

The final draw was held at the Grand Tarabya Hotel in Istanbul on 25 March 2013, at 19:00 local time.[13]

On 12 February 2013, FIFA announced the procedure of the draw. The 24 teams were divided into four differing pots:[14]

  • Pot 1: Hosts and continental champions of five confederations (except OFC)
  • Pot 2: Remaining teams from AFC and CAF
  • Pot 3: Remaining teams from CONCACAF and CONMEBOL
  • Pot 4: Remaining teams from OFC and UEFA

Prior to the draw, Turkey was assigned to position C1, and Spain was assigned to Group A. As a basic principle, teams from the same confederation could not be drawn against each other at the group stage, except in Group A where there were two teams from UEFA.

As the CAF U-20 Championship was not completed at the time of the draw, a separate draw took place at the tournament's conclusion on 30 March in Oran, Algeria to determine the groups where the second, third and fourth-placed CAF teams would play in.[15][16]

Pot 1 Pot 2 Pot 3 Pot 4
  Turkey (assigned to A1)

  Colombia

  South Korea

  Mexico

  Egypt

  Spain

  Australia

  Iraq

  Uzbekistan

  Ghana

  Mali

  Nigeria

  Cuba

  El Salvador

  United States

  Chile

  Paraguay

  Uruguay

  New Zealand

  Croatia

  England

  Greece

  Portugal

  France

Match officials change

The 23 referee trios were announced by FIFA on 13 May 2013.[17][18]

Confederation Referee Assistants
AFC Ben Williams (Australia) Matthew Cream (Australia)

Hakan Anaz (Australia)

Nawaf Shukralla (Bahrain) Yaser Tulefat (Bahrain)

Ebrahim Saleh (Bahrain)

Alireza Faghani (Iran) Hassan Kamranifar (Iran)

Reza Sokhandan (Iran)

CAF Néant Alioum (Cameroon) Evarist Menkouande (Cameroon)

Peter Edibe (Nigeria)

Bakary Gassama (Gambia) Angesom Ogbamariam (Eritrea)

Félicien Kabanda (Rwanda)

Noumandiez Doué (Ivory Coast) Songuifolo Yeo (Ivory Coast)

Jean-Claude Birumushahu (Burundi)

CONCACAF Walter López (Guatemala) Gerson López (Guatemala)

Leonel Leal (Costa Rica)

Roberto García (Mexico) José Luis Camargo (Mexico)

Alberto Morín (Mexico)

Roberto Moreno (Panama) Daniel Williamson (Panama)

Keyztel Corrales (Nicaragua)

CONMEBOL Sandro Ricci (Brazil) Alessandro Rocha (Brazil)

Emerson de Carvalho (Brazil)

Wilmar Roldán (Colombia) Humberto Clavijo (Colombia)

Eduardo Díaz (Colombia)

Carlos Vera (Ecuador) Christian Lescano (Ecuador)

Byron Romero (Ecuador)

Antonio Arias (Paraguay) Rodney Aquino (Paraguay)

Carlos Cáceres (Paraguay)

Víctor Hugo Carrillo (Peru) Jonny Bossio (Peru)

César Escano (Peru)

OFC Peter O'Leary (New Zealand) Jan-Hendrik Hintz (New Zealand)

Ravinesh Kumar (Fiji)

UEFA Stéphane Lannoy (France) Frédéric Cano (France)

Michaël Annonier (France)

Viktor Kassai (Hungary) Gábor Erős (Hungary)

István Albert (Hungary)

Nicola Rizzoli (Italy) Renato Faverani (Italy)

Andrea Stefani (Italy)

Milorad Mažić (Serbia) Milovan Ristić (Serbia)

Dalibor Djurdjević (Serbia)

Damir Skomina (Slovenia) Matej Žunič (Slovenia)

Bojan Ul (Slovenia)

Alberto Undiano Mallenco (Spain) Raúl Cabanero Martínez (Spain)

Roberto Díaz Pérez (Spain)

Jonas Eriksson (Sweden) Mathias Klasenius (Sweden)

Daniel Wärnmark (Sweden)

Cüneyt Çakır (Turkey) Bahattin Duran (Turkey)

Tarık Ongun (Turkey)

Squads change

Teams had to name a 21-man squad (three of whom had to be goalkeepers) by the FIFA deadline. The squads were announced by FIFA on 14 June 2013.[19][20]

Group stage change

The winners and runners-up from each group, as well as the best four third-placed teams, qualified for the first round of the knockout stage (round of 16).[21]

The ranking of each team in each group was determined as follows:

  1. points obtained in all group matches;
  2. goal difference in all group matches;
  3. number of goals scored in all group matches;

If two or more teams were equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings were determined as follows:

  1. points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;
  2. goal difference in the group matches between the teams concerned;
  3. number of goals scored in the group matches between the teams concerned;
  4. drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.

All times are local, UTC+03:00.[22]

Group A change

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Group stage result
1   Spain 3 3 0 0 7 2 +5 9 Advance to knockout stage
2   France 3 1 1 1 5 4 +1 4
3   Ghana 3 1 0 2 5 5 0 3
4   United States 3 0 1 2 3 9 −6 1
Source: [source?]
France  3–1  Ghana
Kondogbia   65'
Sanogo   68'
Bahebeck   79'
Report Boakye   85'

United States  1–4  Spain
Gil   77' Report Jesé   5'44'
Deulofeu   42'61'

France  1–1  United States
Sanogo   48' (pen.) Report Cuevas   85'
Attendance: 4,120
Referee: Carlos Vera (Ecuador)

Spain  1–0  Ghana
Jesé   13' Report

Spain  2–1  France
Alcácer   23'
Jesé   56'
Report Vion   90+1'

Ghana  4–1  United States
Acheampong   38'
Assifuah   58'78'
Ashia   83'
Report O'Neill   69'
Attendance: 4,873

Group B change

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Group stage result
1   Portugal 3 2 1 0 10 4 +6 7 Advance to knockout stage
2   Nigeria 3 2 0 1 6 3 +3 6
3   South Korea 3 1 1 1 4 4 0 4
4   Cuba 3 0 0 3 1 10 −9 0
Source: [source?]
Cuba  1–2  South Korea
Reyes   7' Report Kwon Chang-hoon   51' (pen.)
Ryu Seung-woo   83'
Attendance: 10,428

Nigeria  2–3  Portugal
Ajagun   57'67' Report Bruma   30'69'
Aladje   34'

Cuba  0–3  Nigeria
Report Umar   19'23'
Ajagun   67'
Attendance: 1,058

Portugal  2–2  South Korea
Aladje   3'
Bruma   60'
Report Ryu Seung-woo   45'
Kim Hyun   76'
Attendance: 1,058

South Korea  0–1  Nigeria
Report Kayode   9'

Portugal  5–0  Cuba
Ricardo   15'
Aladje   37'
Bruma   43'62'
Tozé   69'
Report
Attendance: 4,873

Group C change

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Group stage result
1   Colombia 3 2 1 0 5 1 +4 7 Advance to knockout stage
2   Turkey (H) 3 2 0 1 5 2 +3 6
3   El Salvador 3 1 0 2 2 7 −5 3
4   Australia 3 0 1 2 3 5 −2 1
Source: [source?]
(H) Host
Colombia  1–1  Australia
Córdoba   78' Report De Silva   46'

Turkey  3–0  El Salvador
Uçan   9'
Şahin   46'64'
Report

Australia  1–2  El Salvador
Brillante   9' Report Coca   17'
Peña   40'
Attendance: 13,015

Turkey  0–1  Colombia
Report Quintero   52'

Australia  1–2  Turkey
Maclaren   52' Report Çalhanoğlu   54'
Yokuşlu   87'

El Salvador  0–3  Colombia
Report Rentería   21'
Córdoba   25' (pen.)
Quintero   90+1'

Group D change

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Group stage result
1   Greece 3 1 2 0 3 2 +1 5 Advance to knockout stage
2   Paraguay 3 1 2 0 3 2 +1 5
3   Mexico 3 1 0 2 5 4 +1 3
4   Mali 3 0 2 1 2 5 −3 2
Source: [source?]

Note: drawing of lots was used to determine the final positions of Greece and Paraguay, as the two teams finished level on points, goal difference, goals scored, and head-to-head record.

Mexico  1–2  Greece
Espericueta   40' Report Bouchalakis   16'
Kolovos   89'

Paraguay  1–1  Mali
Rojas   7' Report Niane   3'

Mexico  0–1  Paraguay
Report González   52'
Attendance: 1,200

Mali  0–0  Greece
Report

Greece  1–1  Paraguay
Diamantakos   68' Report Montenegro   73'

Mali  1–4  Mexico
Diallo   62' Report Bueno   2'
Corona   13'
Escoboza   69'
Luna   86'

Group E change

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Group stage result
1   Iraq 3 2 1 0 6 4 +2 7 Advance to knockout stage
2   Chile 3 1 1 1 4 4 0 4
3   Egypt 3 1 0 2 4 4 0 3
4   England 3 0 2 1 3 5 −2 2
Source: [source?]
Chile  2–1  Egypt
Castillo   25'
Bravo   77'
Report Kahraba   10'

England  2–2  Iraq
Coady   41'
Williams   52'
Report Faez   75' (pen.)
Adnan   90+3'

Chile  1–1  England
Castillo   32' (pen.) Report Kane   64'

Iraq  2–1  Egypt
Abdul-Hussein   33'
Abdul-Raheem   79'
Report Koka   27'

Iraq  2–1  Chile
Kamil   15'
Salman   67'
Report Mora   28'

Egypt  2–0  England
Trezeguet   79'
Koka   90+3'
Report
Attendance: 3,445

Group F change

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Group stage result
1   Croatia 3 2 1 0 4 2 +2 7 Advance to knockout stage
2   Uruguay 3 2 0 1 6 1 +5 6
3   Uzbekistan 3 1 1 1 4 5 −1 4
4   New Zealand 3 0 0 3 1 7 −6 0
Source: [source?]
New Zealand  0–3  Uzbekistan
Report Makhstaliev   14'
Sergeev   53'
Turapov   67'
Attendance: 3,597

Uruguay  0–1  Croatia
Report Rebić   41'
Attendance: 3,597

New Zealand  0–2  Uruguay
Report De Arrascaeta   4'
López   75'

Croatia  1–1  Uzbekistan
Livaja   65' Report Rakhmonov   24'
Attendance: 3,393

Uzbekistan  0–4  Uruguay
Report Gino   38'
López   47'
De Arrascaeta   64'
Bentancourt   77'

Croatia  2–1  New Zealand
Perica   11'
Rebić   75'
Report Fenton   84' (pen.)
Attendance: 3,445
Referee: Sandro Ricci (Brazil)

Ranking of third-placed teams change

The four best teams among those ranked third were determined as follows:[21]

  1. points obtained in all group matches;
  2. goal difference in all group matches;
  3. number of goals scored in all group matches;
  4. drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.
Pos Grp Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Result
1 B   South Korea 3 1 1 1 4 4 0 4 Advance to knockout stage
2 F   Uzbekistan 3 1 1 1 4 5 −1 4
3 D   Mexico 3 1 0 2 5 4 +1 3
4 A   Ghana 3 1 0 2 5 5 0 3
5 E   Egypt 3 1 0 2 4 4 0 3
6 C   El Salvador 3 1 0 2 2 7 −5 3
Source: [source?]

Knockout stage change

In the knockout stages, if a match was level at the end of normal playing time, extra time was played (two periods of fifteen minutes each) and followed, if necessary, by a penalty shoot-out to determine the winner, except for the play-off for third place, where no extra time would be played as the match was played directly before the final.[21]

Round of 16 Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final
                           
2 July — Gaziantep            
   France  4
6 July — Rize
   Turkey  1  
   France  4
2 July — Gaziantep
     Uzbekistan  0  
   Greece  1
10 July — Bursa
   Uzbekistan  3  
   France  2
3 July — Kayseri
     Ghana  1  
   Portugal  2
7 July — Istanbul
   Ghana  3  
   Ghana (aet)  4
3 July — Bursa
     Chile  3  
   Croatia  0
13 July — Istanbul
   Chile  2  
   France (p)  0 (4)
3 July — Antalya
     Uruguay  0 (1)
   Iraq (aet)  1
7 July — Kayseri
   Paraguay  0  
   Iraq (p)  3 (5)
3 July — Trabzon
     South Korea  3 (4)  
   Colombia  1 (7)
10 July — Trabzon
   South Korea (p)  1 (8)  
   Iraq  1 (6)
2 July — Istanbul
     Uruguay (p)  1 (7)   Third place
   Nigeria  1
6 July — Bursa 13 July — Istanbul
   Uruguay  2  
   Uruguay (aet)  1    Ghana  3
2 July — Istanbul
     Spain  0      Iraq  0
   Spain  2
   Mexico  1  

Round of 16 change

Spain  2–1  Mexico
Derik   74'
Jesé   90'
Report González   2'
Attendance: 7,211

Greece  1–3  Uzbekistan
Stafylidis   33' (pen.) Report Makhstaliev   27'
Sergeev   62' (pen.)
Rakhmanov   83' (pen.)

Nigeria  1–2  Uruguay
Kayode   69' Report López   65'84' (pen.)

France  4–1  Turkey
Kondogbia   18'
Bahebeck   34'
Sanogo   68'
Veretout   74'
Report Bakış   77'

Portugal  2–3  Ghana
Ferreira   71'
  73'
Report Ashia   19'
Anaba   79'
Boakye   85'
Attendance: 4,977
Referee: Carlos Vera (Ecuador)

Croatia  0–2  Chile
Report Castillo   81'
Šimunović   85' (o.g.)
Attendance: 2,329


Iraq  1–0 (a.e.t.)  Paraguay
Shakor   94' Report

Quarterfinals change

France  4–0  Uzbekistan
Sanogo   31'
Pogba   35' (pen.)
Thauvin   43' (pen.)
Zouma   64'
Report
Attendance: 2,057
Referee: Sandro Ricci (Brazil)

Uruguay  1–0 (a.e.t.)  Spain
Avenatti   103' Report
Attendance: 7,035

Iraq  3–3 (a.e.t.)  South Korea
Faez   21' (pen.)
Shakor   42'118'
Report Kwon Chang-hoon   25'
Lee Gwang-hoon   50'
Jung Hyun-cheol   120+2'
Penalties
Faez  
Ismail  
Rubat  
Shokan  
Adnan  
Shakor  
5–4   Kim Sun-woo
  Yeon Je-min
  Han Sung-gyu
  Sim Sang-min
  Woo Joo-sung
  Lee Gwang-hoon
Attendance: 5,810

Ghana  4–3 (a.e.t.)  Chile
Odjer   11'
Assifuah   72'120+1'
Salifu   113'
Report Castillo   23'
Henríquez   27'98'
Attendance: 6,632

Semifinals change

France  2–1  Ghana
Thauvin   43'74' Report Assifuah   47'
Attendance: 6,314

Iraq  1–1 (a.e.t.)  Uruguay
Adnan   34' Report Bueno   87'
Penalties
Faez  
Shokan  
Kadhim  
Tariq  
Adnan  
Abdul-Raheem  
Kamil  
Salman  
6–7   Rodríguez
  Pais
  Avenatti
  Bueno
  López
  Rolán
  Giménez
  Silva

Third place match change

Ghana  3–0  Iraq
Attamah   35'
Assifuah   45+1'
Acheampong   78'
Report
Attendance: 20,601
Referee: Sandro Ricci (Brazil)

Final change

France  0–0 (a.e.t.)  Uruguay
Report
Penalties
Pogba  
Veretout  
Ngando  
Foulquier  
4–1   Velázquez
  De Arrascaeta
  Olaza
Attendance: 20,601

Awards change

The following awards were given out after the conclusion of the tournament:[23]

adidasGolden Ball adidasSilver Ball adidasBronze Ball
  Paul Pogba
  Nicolás López
  Clifford Aboagye
adidasGolden Boot adidasSilver Boot adidasBronze Boot
  Ebenezer Assifuah
  Bruma
  Jesé
6 goals (0 assists) 5 goals (2 assists) 5 goals (1 assist)
adidas Golden Glove
  Guillermo de Amores
FIFA Fair Play Award
  Spain

Goalscorers change

6 goals
5 goals
4 goals
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal
1 own goal

Final ranking change

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Final result
1   France 7 4 2 1 15 6 +9 14 Champions
2   Uruguay 7 4 2 1 10 3 +7 14 Runners-up
3   Ghana 7 4 0 3 16 12 +4 12 Third place
4   Iraq 7 3 3 1 11 11 0 12 Fourth place
5   Spain 5 4 0 1 9 4 +5 12 Eliminated in
Quarter-finals
6   Chile 5 2 1 2 9 8 +1 7
7   Uzbekistan 5 2 1 2 7 10 −3 7
8   South Korea 5 1 3 1 8 8 0 6
9   Colombia 4 2 2 0 6 2 +4 8 Eliminated in
Round of 16
10   Portugal 4 2 1 1 12 7 +5 7
11   Croatia 4 2 1 1 4 4 0 7
12   Nigeria 4 2 0 2 7 5 +2 6
13   Turkey (H) 4 2 0 2 6 6 0 6
14   Paraguay 4 1 2 1 3 3 0 5
15   Greece 4 1 2 1 4 5 −1 5
16   Mexico 4 1 0 3 6 6 0 3
17   Egypt 3 1 0 2 4 4 0 3 Eliminated in
Group stage
18   El Salvador 3 1 0 2 2 7 −5 3
19   England 3 0 2 1 3 5 −2 2
20   Mali 3 0 2 1 2 5 −3 2
21   Australia 3 0 1 2 3 5 −2 1
22   United States 3 0 1 2 3 9 −6 1
23   New Zealand 3 0 0 3 1 7 −6 0
24   Cuba 3 0 0 3 1 10 −9 0
Source: rsssf.com
(H) Host

Miscellanea change

Trophy change

The winners were the first team to receive an updated version of the trophy,[24] with Rebecca Cusack and Thomas R. Fattorini of Thomas Fattorini Ltd, Birmingham taking over from Sawaya & Moroni [25] as suppliers of FIFA competitions.

Vanishing spray change

A “vanishing spray” made its FIFA debut (versions were already in use in CONCACAF and CONMEBOL competitions) during this tournament, with referees using it to denote the ten-yard mark for an opposing defence at time of free kicks.[26]

Media coverage change

Latin America change

Asia change

Europe change

References change

  1. "France end Turkey on top". FIFA.com. 13 July 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  2. "France win Under-20 World Cup final". ESPN. 13 July 2013. Archived from the original on 14 August 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  3. "Remarkable interest in hosting FIFA competitions" (Press release). FIFA.com. 17 January 2011. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  4. "FIFA U20 Dünya Kupası biletleri satışa çıktı" (in Turkish). Turkish FootballFederation. 1 December 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  5. "One year to go to Turkey". FIFA. 21 June 2012. Archived from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  6. "Ticket sales of FIFA U-20 World Cup Turkey 2013 to start". FIFA.com. 28 November 2012. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  7. "Turks targeting full houses". FIFA.com. 30 November 2012. Archived from the original on 25 December 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  8. "FIFA U20 Dünya Kupası Şehir Logoları". lazhaber.com. 20 March 2013. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013.
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