Article Seven of the United States Constitution

Article Seven of the United States Constitution explains what needs to happen for the Constitution to be approved. It says that nine states need to ratify the Constitution before it takes effect. To ratify the Constitution, a special group in each state called a Convention would have to approve the Constitution.

Text

“

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.^[1]

”

In Simple English, this means: The approval of nine states' Conventions will be enough to make this Constitution official in those states.

Background

Before the United States Constitution was passed, the United States had another constitution called the Articles of Confederation.^[2] These Articles made the United States into a confederation. The legislature of the confederation government was called the Congress of the Confederation.^[2]

After a few years, the Founding Fathers decided the United States needed a new constitution and a new form of government.^[3] They formed a group called the Constitutional Convention to write a new constitution.^[4] The group finished its final version of the Constitution on September 17, 1787. Three days later, the Convention gave its suggested Constitution to the Congress of the Confederation to get its support.^[4]

The Congress debated a lot about the Constitution. Members of Congress did not agree on whether Congress should support the new Constitution or not. On September 28, the Congress came to a compromise.^[4] They decided just to give the states the Constitution and let them vote on it. Congress would not suggest that the states pass the Constitution, or that they not pass it. This way, the decision would truly be up to the states; no state would be affected by Congress's opinion.^[4]

Approval

In 1787 and 1788, there were debates across the United States about the suggested new Constitution.^[4] Each state's Convention would have to vote on the Constitution. For a state to ratify the Constitution, more than half of the members of its Convention would have to vote for the Constitution.

On December 7, 1787, Delaware became the first state to ratify the suggested Constitution. All 30 of the members of its Convention voted for the Constitution.^[5]

On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state to approve the Constitution.^[5] Now that nine states had ratified the Constitution, it became the highest and most important law of the United States. The United States would have a new form of government, based on the ideas set out in the Constitution.^[6]

Four states are still left

However, four states still had not approved the Constitution. These states were Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island.^[5] If they did not approve the Constitution, they would not be a part of the new government of the United States.

The Congress of the Confederation decided that the United States would start using the new Constitution on March 4, 1789.^[6] Before that day, Virginia and New York ratified the Constitution.^[7]^[8] However, when the first United States Congress gathered on March 4 to form the new government, North Carolina and Rhode Island still had not approved the Constitution. After the new Congress added the Bill of Rights to the Constitution, though, North Carolina and Rhode Island ratified the Constitution.^[9]

Order of approval

The Constitution was ratified by the states in this order:^[5]

	Date	State	Votes		Percentage who Approved
	Date	State	Yes	No	Percentage who Approved
1	December 7, 1787	Delaware	30	0	100%
2	December 12, 1787	Pennsylvania	46	23	67%
3	December 18, 1787	New Jersey	38	0	100%
4	January 2, 1788	Georgia	26	0	100%
5	January 9, 1788	Connecticut	128	40	76%
6	February 6, 1788	Massachusetts	187	168	53%
7	April 28, 1788	Maryland	63	11	85%
8	May 23, 1788	South Carolina	149	73	67%
9	June 21, 1788	New Hampshire	57	47	55%
Constitution approved
10	June 25, 1788	Virginia	89	79	53%
11	July 26, 1788	New York	30	27	53%
12	November 21, 1789	North Carolina	194	77	72%
13	May 29, 1790	Rhode Island	34	32	52%
Total:			1071	577	65%

References

↑ "The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription". Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "The Articles of Confederation". College of Law: U.S. Historical Documents. University of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on July 25, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
↑ Rakove, Jack N. (1988). "The Collapse of the Articles of Confederation". In J. Jackson Barlow; Leonard W. Levy; Ken Masugi (eds.). The American Founding: Essays on the Formation of the Constitution. pp. 225–45. ISBN 978-0313256103.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Lloyd, Gordon. "Ratification of the Constitution". Teaching American History. The Ashbrook Center at Ashland University. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 "The States and the Ratification Process". Center for the Study of the American Constitution. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Rodgers, Paul (2011). United States Constitutional Law: An Introduction. McFarland. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-7864-6017-5.
↑ "An Introduction to Ratification in Virginia" (PDF). Center for the Study of the American Constitution. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 17, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
↑ "Introduction Essay to Ratification in New York" (PDF). Center for the Study of the American Constitution. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 17, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
↑ "Introduction to Ratification in Rhode Island" (PDF). Center for the Study of the American Constitution. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 17, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.

Other websites

Interactive website about the ratification of the Constitution (from TeachingAmericanHistory.org)

[1] "The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription". Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved March 13, 2016.

[aoc-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "The Articles of Confederation". College of Law: U.S. Historical Documents. University of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on July 25, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2016.

[3] Rakove, Jack N. (1988). "The Collapse of the Articles of Confederation". In J. Jackson Barlow; Leonard W. Levy; Ken Masugi (eds.). The American Founding: Essays on the Formation of the Constitution. pp. 225–45. ISBN 978-0313256103.

[concon-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Lloyd, Gordon. "Ratification of the Constitution". Teaching American History. The Ashbrook Center at Ashland University. Retrieved March 13, 2016.

[order-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 "The States and the Ratification Process". Center for the Study of the American Constitution. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved March 13, 2016.

[conlaw-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Rodgers, Paul (2011). United States Constitutional Law: An Introduction. McFarland. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-7864-6017-5.

[7] "An Introduction to Ratification in Virginia" (PDF). Center for the Study of the American Constitution. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 17, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.

[8] "Introduction Essay to Ratification in New York" (PDF). Center for the Study of the American Constitution. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 17, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.

[9] "Introduction to Ratification in Rhode Island" (PDF). Center for the Study of the American Constitution. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 17, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.

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