Bill Clements

William Perry "Bill" Clements, Jr. (April 13, 1917 – May 29, 2011) was the 42nd and 44th Governor of Texas, serving from 1979 to 1983 and 1987 to 1991. Clements was the first Republican to have served as governor of the U.S. state of Texas since Reconstruction. Clements' eight years in office were the most served by any Texan governor prior to former Governor Rick Perry.

Bill Clements
42nd & 44th Governor of Texas
In office January 20, 1987 – January 15, 1991
Lieutenant	William P. Hobby Jr.
Preceded by	Mark White
Succeeded by	Ann Richards
In office January 16, 1979 – January 18, 1983
Lieutenant	William P. Hobby Jr.
Preceded by	Dolph Briscoe
Succeeded by	Mark White
United States Secretary of Defense Acting
In office May 24, 1973 – July 2, 1973
President	Richard Nixon
Preceded by	Elliot Richardson
Succeeded by	James R. Schlesinger
United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
In office January 30, 1973 – January 20, 1977
President	Richard Nixon Gerald Ford
Preceded by	Kenneth Rush
Succeeded by	Charles Duncan Jr.
Personal details
Born	William Perry Clements Jr. (1917-04-13)April 13, 1917 Dallas, Texas, U.S.
Died	May 29, 2011(2011-05-29) (aged 94) Dallas, Texas, U.S.
Resting place	Grove Hill Memorial Park Dallas, Texas
Nationality	American
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	(1) Pauline Allen Gill (2) Rita Crocker Clements
Children	2, 4 stepchildren
Residence	Dallas, Texas
Alma mater	Southern Methodist University (dropped out)
Profession	Oil driller
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Army United States Army Corps of Engineers
Years of service	1941–1945
Battles/wars	World War II
(1) In 1979, Clements became Texas's first Republican governor in 105 years. (2) Clements was an early contributor to the 2008 candidacy of Republican presidential candidate U.S. Senator John McCain of Arizona.

Early career

Clements was born in Dallas and worked as an oil driller for many years. He studied at Southern Methodist University (SMU) but did not finish a degree. He founded SEDCO in 1947, which became the world's largest offshore drilling company. He entered politics as the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. From 1975-1977 he worked under Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.

In 1975, he married political organizer Rita Crocker Clements.

Governor

On January 16, 1979, Clements replaced Democrat Dolph Briscoe as governor of Texas. He defeated State Representative Ray Hutchison in the Republican primary by a vote of 115,345 to 38,268. Clements won the November 1978 general election defeating Democrat John Hill. Hill had been the Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court and had been the Texas Attorney General for six years. Clements got 49.96% of the votes. With help from the votes of several minor candidates he narrowly won the election. Clements ran for reelection in 1982 but was defeated by Democratic Attorney General Mark White. People think that he lost votes because the economy was bad.

The 1986 return

After being defeated, Clements was chairman of the board of governors of SMU in Dallas. He ran again in 1986 and won a primary against U.S. Representative Thomas Loeffler of New Braunfels and former Democratic turned Republican Congressman Kent Hance of Lubbock. At the election Clements defeated Governor White getting 52.7% of the votes.

Clements as governor

His first term was marked by SEDCO's involvement in the then largest oil blowout in history, the Ixtoc I oil spill, which caused extensive environmental damage. Charlie Brooks, Jr., became the first prisoner to be executed by lethal injection (December 1982). Clements faced heavily Democratic state legislatures. In 1980, Clements changed the death penalty for Randall Dale Adams to life in prison. Adams was the subject of The Thin Blue Line, an Errol Morris documentary movie. Adams was found to be innocent in 1989 after serving twelve years in prison.

During his second term, Clements worked to reduce crime, improve education, and boost the Texas economy. He tried to improve relations with Mexico, especially on immigration and the War on Drugs.

Football scandal

Clements's second term was hurt by actions he took at SMU. On March 3, 1987, Clements admitted that he and the SMU board of governors had approved a secret plan to pay 13 college football players using money from an alumnus. The NCAA shut down the SMU football program for the 1987 season. They did not have a team in 1988 as well. The shutdown and other sanctions hurt the team for many years. The College of Bishops of the United Methodist Church investigated the scandal. The discovered Clements had met with athletic director Bob Hitch, and agreed that the payments had to continue. In late 1985 then SMU President L. Donald Shields and board of trustees chairman Edwin L. Cox wanted to stop the payments completely. Clements told President Shields to "stay out of it" and to "go run the university".

A week later, Clements said he was sorry that he kept making the payments. He said the he had learned about the payments in 1984, and discovered that players had been paid since the mid-1970s. The board "reluctantly and uncomfortably" decided to continue paying players who had already been guaranteed payments. However, he now knows that they should have stopped the payments immediately.

Clements faced calls for his impeachment as a result of these statements. Two state legislators argued that he would have never been elected Governor had told the truth about his role in the scandal. Because of this, Clements did not run for a third term as governor. On January 15, 1991, Democratic state Treasurer Ann Richards replaced him.

Post-political life

William P. Clements State Office Building in Austin, Texas

After leaving the governorship, Clements worked hard to help Republican candidates seeking office in Texas. He lived in Dallas with his second wife, Rita Crocker. She was later appointed to the University of Texas Regents by Governor George W. Bush. Clements was known for his acerbic, energetic personality, which Democrats hated but Republicans loved. In 1993, he unsuccessfully supported the conservative Congressman Joe Barton in a special election for the U.S. Senate.

Clements High School

In 2006, Clements raised money for U.S. Senator John McCain to run for President.

In June 2009, Clements donated $100 million to UT Southwestern Medical Center, the largest civic donation in Dallas history. A high school in Sugar Land, Texas and a state office building in Austin, Texas are named in honor of Clements.

Death

On Memorial Day weekend in 2011, Clements died at age 94 in a Dallas hospital from natural causes.

Further reading

• Bridges, Kenneth William. "The Twilight of the Texas Democrats: The 1978 Governor's Race," Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Texas, 2003, 281 pages; AAT 3117260 in Proquest

Other websites

• Papers of Governor William P. Clements at Texas A&M University Archived 2009-08-02 at Archive.today
• Bill Clements at Find a Grave
• 'Bill Clements Dies at 94; Set Texas on G.O.P. Path', James C. McKinley, Jr., The New York Times, 30 May 2011