Wikipedia

Brenton Tarrant

Australian terrorist (1990-)

Brenton Harrison Tarrant (born 27 October 1990) is an Australian mass murderer, terrorist, and white nationalist who committed the Christchurch mosque shootings where murdered 51 people and wounded 40 others on 15 March 2019 before being arrested by police.[5][6] He is the deadliest murderer in New Zealand's history.[7]

Brenton Tarrant
Tarrant in 2016, captured by a camera at Atatürk International Airport
Born
Brenton Harrison Tarrant

(1990-10-27) 27 October 1990 (age 34)
Grafton, New South Wales, Australia
NationalityAustralian
EducationGrafton High School
OccupationFormer personal trainer
Known forPerpetrator of the Christchurch mosque shootings
Criminal statusIncarcerated
Motive
Conviction(s)51 counts of murder
40 counts of attempted murder
One count of committing a terrorist act
Criminal penalty52 life sentences in prison without the possibility of parole plus 480 years
Details
Date15 March 2019
c. 1:40 – 1:59 pm
Location(s)Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
Target(s)Muslim worshippers
Killed51
Injured81
Weapons
Imprisoned atAuckland Prison, Pāremoremo, Auckland, New Zealand

Early life

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Tarrant was born on 27 October,1990 and grew up in Grafton, New South Wales where he where he went to Grafton High School.[8] He had a troubled childhood, starting when his parents separated, his grandfather died and their family home was burnt down in a fire.[9] These events traumatized him and left him with social anxiety disorder, which likely worsened when his mother's new partner assaulted him, his sister and mother.[9]

He started gaining weight from age 12, because of this he started getting bullied at school, where he also had few friends. He was unfocused at school but also strangely familiar with topics like World War II. Tarrant showed signs of racism and worries about immigration as young as 12 years old. He frequently made racist comments about his mother's former partner's Indigenous Australian heritage, which worried his high school teachers.[10] He started using 4chan at the age of 14, a site known for sharing extremist content, and start obsessively excercising to lose weight.

Travels

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A map showing Tarrant's international travels.

In 2009, Tarrant qualified as a personal trainer at Big River Gym in Grafton. The next year, he found his father dead by suicide, following this he inherited A$457,000 from his father, he stopped working as a personal trainer and used the money to invest and travel across the world.In March 2013, he travelled to New Zealand for a vacation, where he stayed with a friend for three days for gaming. The friend and his parents were gun users. They took Tarrant to a shooting club where he had his first experience with guns.[11]

Police in Bulgaria and Turkey investigated Tarrant's visits to their countries.[12][13][14] Security officials suspected that he went into contact with far-right organizations about two years before the shootings, while visiting European nations.[15] He donated €3,700 to two Identitarian organizations in Europe and spoke with a group leader using e-mail in January 2018 and July 2018, hoping to meet each other in Vienna.[16] When he was preparing the attacks, Tarrant made a donation of $106.68 to Rebel Media, a site that showed both the Identitarian movement and several articles discussing the "white genocide" and "Great Replacement" conspiracy theories.[17]

In 2016, left more than 30 comments on the now-deleted "United Patriots Front" and "True Blue Crew" websites.[18] A Melbourne man said that in 2016, he filed a police complaint after Tarrant told him in an online conversation, "I hope one day you meet the rope". He said that the police told him to block Tarrant. The police said that they didn't find a complaint.[19] Tarrant told investigators that he frequented right-wing discussion boards on 4chan and 8chan and also found YouTube to be "a significant source of information and inspiration."[20]

Life in New Zealand

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Tarrant moved to New Zealand in August 2017 and lived in Andersons Bay in Dunedin until the shootings.[21][20][22] A neighbour described him as a friendly loner.[23] He was a member of a gun club in southern Otago, where he practised shooting at its range.[24][25] In 2018, Tarrant was treated for eye and thigh injuries at Dunedin Hospital; he told doctors he got the injuries when he tried to remove an improperly chambered bullet from a gun. The doctors also treated him for steroid abuse, but never reported Tarrant's visit to the authorities,[20] which would have led in police rechecking his health to have a gun license.[26]

When living in Dunedin, Tarrant had no job and bought necessities and preparations for the terrorist attack using the money he received from his father and income from investments. When asked, he gave no explanation for his future plans once he ran out of money other than mentioning to his sister the possibility of suicide and later telling family members and gaming friends that he planned to move to Ukraine.[27] Tarrant believed he would run out of his money by August 2019. A document, dated January 2019, was discovered which he wrote "March is go do rain or shine [sic]".[28]

Planning

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Tarrant's travels on 8–9 January 2019

In 2016 and 2017, Tarrant is believed to have become obsessed with terrorist attacks committed by Islamic extremists and he started planning his own attacks in 2017 then chose the Al Noor Mosque and Linwood Islamic Centre as targets in December 2018, along with a third mosque in Ashburton which he got arrested before being able to go to during the attacks.[29] Some survivors at the Al Noor Mosque said they saw Tarrant there on Friday prayers before the attack, pretending to pray and asking about the mosque's schedules.[30] The Royal Commission report found no evidence of this,[31] and police said that Tarrant had instead looked at an online tour of the mosque as part of his planning.[32]

On 8 January 2019, Tarrant used a drone from a nearby park to look at the outside of the mosque.[33] He used the internet to find pictures of the inside and prayer schedules to figure out when the mosques would have the most people.[34] On the same day, he drove past the Linwood Islamic Centre.[33]

Manifesto

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The Al Huda Mosque in Dunedin in May 2023, which Tarrant originally planned to attack

Tarrant says he is the author of a 74-page manifesto titled The Great Replacement, a reference to the "Great Replacement" and "white genocide" conspiracy theories.[35][36] It said that the attacks were planned in 2017 and the locations were selected three months before.

[37] Minutes before the attacks began, the manifesto was emailed to more than 30 people, including the prime minister's office and several media outlets,[38] and links were posted on Twitter and 8chan.[39][40] Seven minutes after Tarrant sent the manifesto to parliament, it was forwarded to the parliament security team, who called the police at 1:40 p.m., around the same time the first 111 calls were made from the Al Noor Mosque.[41]

In the manifesto, several anti-immigrant ideas are said, including hate speech against migrants, white supremacist beliefs and the plan for all non-European immigrants in Europe that he claimed to be "invading his land" to be deported.[42] The author says he first planned to attack the Al Huda Mosque in Dunedin but changed his mind after visiting Christchurch.[43][44]

Christchurch mosque shootings

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See the main article: Christchurch mosque shootings
 
Al Noor Mosque in August 2019

On 15 March 2019, Tarrant started his live-stream that played for 17 minutes on Facebook Live.[45][46] At 1:39 p.m., he arrived at the Al Noor Mosque and fired his shotgun at the entrance, killing four people. He shot people inside with the AR-15 rifle. A worshipper, Naeem Rashid charged at him and knocked him down but was then shot and killed.[47][48][49] He went outside, where he killed a man and took a Ruger AR-556 from his car. He killed two people in the car park who were hiding behind cars. He went back in the mosque and shot wounded people, then went outside again, where he killed a woman and drove over her after leaving.[50][51][45][47][33] He shot at people who had escaped from the mosque through the windscreen and closed window of his own car using a Remington Model 870 when was driving to the Linwood Islamic Centre.[51][45][33]

At 1:52 p.m., he got to the Linwood Islamic Centre,[52] 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of the Al Noor Mosque,[53] where about 100 people were inside.[54][52] He parked his car on the driveway, stopping other cars from getting in or out.[54] According to a witness, he couldn't find the mosque's main door and shot people outside and through a window, killing four people.[54][52][55] A worshipper named Abdul Aziz Wahabzada confronted Tarrant. He hid behind cars and tried to get Tarrant's attention by shouting. Regardless, Tarrant went into the mosque, where he shot and killed three people. When Tarrant got back to his car, Aziz confronted him again. Tarrant drove away at 1:55 p.m., with Aziz throwing the shotgun at his car.[56][57] After being left unused, Linwood Islamic Centre was demolished in November 2023.[58][59]

A silver 2005 Subaru Outback[60] matching the description of Tarrant's car was seen by a police officer, and a chase was initiated at 1:57 p.m. Two police officers rammed his car off of the road with their police car, and Tarrant was arrested without struggle on Brougham Street in Sydenham at 1:59 p.m., 18 minutes after the first emergency call.[61][62][63] Police found the four incendiary devices in his car; they were defused by the New Zealand Defence Force.[53][64] He said, on the livestream, that he had planned to set the mosque on fire.[65]

Victims

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Deaths by citizenship[66]
Citizenship Deaths
  New Zealand 27[a]
  Pakistan 8
  India 5
  Bangladesh 3
  Fiji 2
  Indonesia 1
  Jordan 1
  Malaysia 1
  Mauritius 1
  Palestine 1
  Turkey 1[67]
Total 51

Fifty-one people were murdered by Tarrant: 44 at the Al Noor Mosque and seven at the Linwood Islamic Centre. All but four were male.[66] Their ages ranged from three to 77 years old.[68] Thirty-five others were injured at the Al Noor Mosque and five at Linwood.[69]

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Arraignment

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Tarrant appeared in the Christchurch District Court on 16 March, where he was charged with one count of murder.[70] The judge ordered that the courtroom would be closed to the public except for news reporters and allowed Tarrant to be filmed and photographed as long as his face would censored when shown in media coverage.[71] In court, Tarrant smiled at reporters and made an inverted OK gesture below his waist, said to be a "white power" sign.[72]

The case was transferred to the High Court, and Tarrant was kept in custody as his lawyer did not seek bail.[73] He was transferred to the country's only maximum-security unit at Auckland Prison.[74] He made a formal complaint about his conditions in the prison as he had no access to newspapers, television, Internet, visitors, or phone calls.[75][needs update] On 4 April, police said they had increased the number of charges to 89, 50 for murder and 39 for attempted murder, with other charges still being decided.[76] At the next hearing on 5 April, Tarrant was ordered by the judge to have a psychiatric assessment of his mental fitness to see if he could stand trial.[77]

On 20 May, a new charge of committing in a terrorist act was given to Tarrant under the Terrorism Suppression Act 2002. One murder charge and one attempted murder charge were added, bringing the total to 51 and 40.[78]

Pre-trial detention

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On 14 June 2019, Tarrant appeared at the Christchurch High Court via audio-visual link from Auckland Prison. Through his lawyer, he pleaded not guilty to one count of engaging in a terrorist act, 51 counts of murder, and 40 counts of attempted murder. Mental health assessments showed no issues regarding his fitness to plead or stand trial. The trial was first set to start on 4 May 2020,[79] but it was pushed back to 2 June 2020 to avoid happening at the same time as the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.[80]

During his time in prison, Tarrant was able to send seven letters, one of which was subsequently posted on the Internet message boards 4chan and 8chan by the person who was sent the letters. Minister of Corrections Kelvin Davis and the Department of Corrections were criticised for letting the sending of the letters happen.[81] Prime Minister Ardern said that the Government would look into amending the Corrections Act 2004 to restrict what mail can be given to and sent by prisoners.[82][83]

Guilty plea and sentencing arrangements

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On 26 March 2020, Tarrant appeared at the Christchurch High Court via audio-visual link from Auckland Prison. He pleaded guilty to all 92 charges. As it was happening during the nationwide COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, the public was barred from the hearing. Reporters and representatives for the Al-Noor and Linwood mosques were in the courtroom.[84] According to media reports, Tarrant's lawyers had informed the courts that their client was thinking about changing his plea. On 25 March, Tarrant gave his lawyers formal written instructions confirming that he wanted to change his pleas to guilty. In response, court authorities began making plans for the case to be called as soon as possible in the middle of the COVID-19 lockdown.[85][86] The judge convicted Tarrant on all charges and kept him in custody to await sentencing.[source?]

On 10 July, the government said that overseas victims of the shootings would get border exemptions and financial help to fly to New Zealand for the sentencing.[87] On 13 July, it was reported that Tarrant had dismissed his lawyers and would be representing himself during sentencing proceedings.[88][89]

Sentencing

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Armed police outside Christchurch courthouse during Tarrant's sentencing

Sentencing began on 24 August 2020 before Justice Cameron Mander at the Christchurch High Court,[90] and it was televised.[91] Tarrant did not oppose the sentence put forward and declined to address the court.[92][93] The Crown prosecutors showed the court how Tarrant had meticulously planned the two shootings and more attacks,[94][95] while survivors and their relatives gave victim impact statements, which were shown by national and international media.[96] Tarrant was then sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for each of the 51 murders, and life imprisonment for committing in a terrorist act and 40 attempted murders.[97] The sentence is New Zealand's first terrorism conviction.[98][99] It was also the first time that life imprisonment without parole, the maximum sentence available in New Zealand, had been given.[note 1]

After the sentencing, Deputy Prime Minister Winston Peters called for Tarrant to serve his sentence in Australia to stop New Zealand having to pay the costs for his life imprisonment. The cost of housing Tarrant in prison was

 
Wikisource has original writing related to this article:

estimated at NZ$4,930 per day,[101]

Imprisonment

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On 14 April 2021, Tarrant appealed against his prison conditions and being classed as a "terrorist entity" at the Auckland High Court. According to media reports, he is being imprisoned at a special "prison within a prison" known as a "Prisoners of Extreme Risk Unit" with two other prisoners. Eighteen guards have been tasked guard Tarrant, who is living in his own area.[102][103] On 24 April, Tarrant abandoned the appeal.[104]

In November 2021, Tarrant's new lawyer said that Tarrant wanted to appeal against his sentence and conviction, claiming that his conditions went against the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. Survivors have criticised Tarrant's appeal as an attempt to "re-traumatise" the Muslim community.[105][106]

Legacy

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Tarrant's mass killing would go on to inspired numerous copycats in part due to its live-streamed nature, the first reported copycat attack would happen merely nine days after the attack, a mosque in Escondido, California, was set on fire. Police found graffiti on the mosque's driveway that said "For Brenton Tarrant", the police investigated the fire as a terrorist attack.[107][108] A mass shooting later took place at a synagogue in Poway, California on 27 April 2019, killing a person and injuring three others. The perpetrator of the shooting, 19-year-old John Earnest, also said he committed the fire and praised the Christchurch shootings and Tarrant in a manifesto.[109][110] On September 30, 2021, Earnest was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.[111]

On 3 August 2019, 21-year-old Patrick Crusius opened fire and killed 23 people and injured 22 others in a mass shooting at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas, targeting Mexicans. In a manifesto posted to 8chan /pol/ board, he said he supported Tarrant and was inspired by him.[112][113][114]

On 10 August 2019, 21-year-old Philip Manshaus murdered his Chinese adopted stepsister at their home before travelling to a mosque in Bærum, Norway and trying to commit a mass shooting, before being disarmed by a worshipper, Mohammad Rafiq. He called Tarrant as a "saint" online.[115] Manshaus was sentenced to 21 years for the attack.[116]

On 27 January 2021, the Singaporean intelligence agency said it had arrested a 16-year-old Protestant Indian for plotting to attack the Yusof Ishak Mosque and Assyafaah Mosque on the anniversary of the Christchurch shootings. The youth wrote a manifesto that called Tarrant as a "saint" and praised the shootings as the "justifiable killing of Muslims". The boy bought a machete and protective vest which he planned to use for the attack.[117][118] In January 2024, the youth was released after spending almost three years in detention.

On 14 May 2022, 18-year-old Payton Gendron killed ten people and injured three others at a Tops Friendly Markets store in Buffalo, New York, targeting Black people. He livestreamed the shooting on Twitch and published a manifesto where he wrote that he was inspired by Tarrant. In response, there a ban on the sharing of Gendron's manifesto within New Zealand.[119]

In Finland on 15 March 2024, the anniversary of Christchurch mosque shooting, a Finnish army Non-commissioned officer was arrested for allegedly planning a mass shooting in a university in Vaasa that day. As her motivation she said the world needed "a mass culling" to put an end to "selfish individualism", "human degeneration", global warming and conspicuous consumption.[120] The Finnish police described her as ecofascist and that she had read books by Nietzsche, Linkola and Kaczynski. Additionally she had praised Pekka-Eric Auvinen in internet conversations and had visited Jokela school where he perpetrated the mass shooting.[121]

On 13 August 2024 in Eskisehir, Turkey an 18-year-old suspect, identified as Arda K, would livestream himself stabbing five elderly people in the Tepebaşı mosque on Twitter, the suspect was wearing a bulletproof vest and helmet, the livestream showed him wearing goggles over a mask, completely concealing his face. News sites claimed he wore a “black sun,” a Nazi symbol made up of several swastikas, on his chest He also carried an axe at his waist but didn't use it during his attack. He was apprehended following a police chase, according to the Eskisehir governor’s office.[122] In his manifesto the suspect would write "Subscribe to Zade" (a youtuber in Turkey) referencing to Tarrant's name-dropping of Pewdiepie.

Notes

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  1. ↑ Capital punishment in New Zealand was abolished for murder in 1961, and for all crimes in 1989. The option to sentence an offender to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole was introduced in 2010.[100]

References

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  1. ↑ Welby, Peter (16 March 2019). "Ranting 'manifesto' exposes the mixed-up mind of a terrorist". Arab News. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  2. ↑ Achenbach, Joel (18 August 2019). "Two mass killings a world apart share a common theme: 'ecofascism'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020.
  3. ↑ Campbell, Charlie (21 March 2019). "The New Zealand Attacks Show How White Supremacy Went From a Homegrown Issue to a Global Threat". Time. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  4. ↑ Cite error: The named reference Gilsinan was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  5. ↑ "Police with the latest information on the mosque shootings". Radio New Zealand. 17 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  6. ↑ Bayer, Kurt; Leasl, Anna (24 August 2020). "Christchurch mosque terror attack sentencing: Gunman Brenton Tarrant planned to attack three mosques". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  7. ↑ "Pakistan to honour Christchurch mosque 'hero' with national award". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2019. It was the deadliest mass shooting in the country's modern history.
  8. ↑ Chung, Sarah Keoghan, Laura (15 March 2019). "From local gym trainer to mosque shooting: Alleged Christchurch shooter's upbringing in Grafton". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 May 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "The individual's upbringing in Australia". Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  10. ↑ "The individual's upbringing in Australia". Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  11. ↑ "Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the terrorist attack on Christchurch masjidain on 15 March 2019" (PDF). Royal Commission. pp. 168–170. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  12. ↑ Beynen, Martin van; Sherwood, Sam (8 December 2020). "New Zealand 'ideal' for mosque shooter to plan his terrorist attack, royal commission finds". Stuff. Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  13. ↑ "Who is Christchurch mosque shooting accused? Brenton Tarrant member of Bruce Rifle Club in Milton". The New Zealand Herald. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  14. ↑ "Perpetrator of New Zealand terrorist attack visited Turkey 'twice'". TRT World. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  15. ↑ "Brenton Tarrant: Suspected New Zealand attacker 'met extreme right-wing groups' during Europe visit, according to security sources". The Independent. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019. The man arrested over the murder of 49 people at mosques in New Zealand is believed to have met extreme right-wing groups during a visit to Europe two years ago, according to security sources.
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  17. ↑ Saunders, Doug (15 March 2022). "Opinion: The Christchurch massacre may have had a Canadian connection – but there's a reason you may not know about it". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  18. ↑ Mann, Alex; Nguyen, Kevin; Gregory, Katharine (23 March 2019). "Christchurch shooting accused Brenton Tarrant supports Australian far-right figure Blair Cottrell". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  19. ↑ Nguyen, Kevin (10 April 2019). "'This marks you': Christchurch shooter sent death threat two years ago". ABC News. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
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  21. ↑ Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the terrorist attack on Christchurch masjidain on 15 March 2019 (PDF). p. 24. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  22. ↑ Dunedin, Candace Sutton in (17 March 2019). "Christchurch massacre: Brenton Tarrant's life in Dunedin, NZ". News.com.au. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
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  27. ↑ "General life in New Zealand". Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  28. ↑ Massola, James (8 December 2020). "'I don't have enemies': How Christchurch terrorist slipped through the net". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  29. ↑ "Brenton Tarrant: The 'ordinary white man' turned mass murderer". The Daily Telegraph. 16 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  30. ↑ "Christchurch shooting: Survivors convinced gunman visited mosque to learn layout". Newshub. Archived from the original on 15 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  31. ↑ "Questions asked by the community". Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  32. ↑ "Christchurch mosque shootings: Police rule out that gunman entered mosque prior to attack". The New Zealand Herald. 12 April 2020. ISSN 1170-0777. Archived from the original on 27 April 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Cite error: The named reference TheAttackRoyalCommission2 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  34. ↑ Bayer, Kurt; Leasl, Anna (24 August 2020). "Christchurch mosque terror attack sentencing: Gunman Brenton Tarrant planned to attack three mosques". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  35. ↑ Gilsinan, Kathy (15 March 2019). "How White-Supremacist Violence Echoes Other Forms of Terrorism". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  36. ↑ Darby, Luke (5 August 2019). "How the 'Great Replacement' conspiracy theory has inspired white supremacist killers". The Telegraph. London – via ProQuest.
  37. ↑ "Terrorism security expert Chris Kumeroa says New Zealanders need to be alert to potential threats". Stuff (company). Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  38. ↑ "Jacinda Ardern's office received manifesto from Christchurch shooter minutes before attack". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 17 March 2019. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  39. ↑ Wong, Charlene (15 March 2019). "The Manifesto of Brenton Tarrant – a right-wing terrorist on a Crusade". Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  40. ↑ "Australian man named as NZ mosque gunman". The West Australian. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  41. ↑ "Operation Deans / Evidential Overview" (PDF). New Zealand Police. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  42. ↑ Gelineau, Kristen; Gambrell, Jon. "New Zealand mosque shooter is a white nationalist who hates immigrants, documents and video reveal". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  43. ↑ Kidd, Rob; Miller, Tim (16 March 2019). "Police confirm Dunedin property linked to terror attack". Otago Daily Times. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  44. ↑ Sherwood, Sam (21 March 2019). "Ashburton Muslims in gunman's sights 'feeling lucky' Christchurch shooter stopped". Stuff (company). Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Cite error: The named reference rnz004 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  46. ↑ "Christchurch mosque shootings: Gunman livestreamed 17 minutes of shooting terror". The New Zealand Herald. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "The Queen v. Brenton Harrison Tarrant: Sentencing Remarks of Mander J" (PDF). High Court of New Zealand. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  48. ↑ "Christchurch shootings: Stories of heroism emerge from attacks". BBC. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  49. ↑ Mackenzie, James; Russell, Ros. "Pakistan salutes hero of New Zealand mosque shooting". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  50. ↑ "5.3 Firearms, ammunition and other equipment used in the terrorist attack". Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019. 17 August 2017. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Cite error: The named reference Operation Deans2 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Cite error: The named reference TheAttackRoyalCommission3 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Perry, Nick; Baker, Mark (15 March 2019). "Mosque shootings kill 49; white racist claims responsibility". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 Cite error: The named reference rnz005 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  55. ↑ Macdonald, Nikki (18 March 2019). "Alleged shooter approached Linwood mosque from wrong side, giving those inside time to hide, survivor says". Stuff (company). Archived from the original on 18 March 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  56. ↑ Cite error: The named reference SentencingRemarks2 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  57. ↑ Multiple sources:
  58. ↑ O'Callaghan, Jody (20 November 2023). "Tears and prayers as Linwood mosque gets demolished". Stuff. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  59. ↑ "Christchurch's Linwood Mosque demolished after 2019 attacks". 1 News. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  60. ↑ "Christchurch terror attack: The gunman's next target". Newshub. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  61. ↑ Cite error: The named reference SentencingRemarks3 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  62. ↑ Cite error: The named reference TheAttackRoyalCommission4 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  63. ↑ "Mosque attacks timeline: 18 minutes from first call to arrest". RNZ. 17 April 2019. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  64. ↑ Cite error: The named reference :52 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  65. ↑ Cite error: The named reference :62 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1
  67. ↑ "Christchurch mosque attack death toll rises". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  68. ↑ "NZ terror attack victims' age range 3–77". Dhaka Tribune. 17 March 2019. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  69. ↑ Cite error: The named reference rnz006 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  70. ↑ Chavez, Nicole; Regan, Helen; Sidhu, Sandi; Sanchez, Ray. "Suspect in New Zealand mosque shootings was prepared 'to continue his attack,' PM says". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  71. ↑ NZ Police v Tarrant, 2019 NZDC 4784 (16 March 2019).
  72. ↑ "Mosque attacks suspect gives 'white power' sign in Christchurch court". Axios. Archived from the original on 16 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
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  109. ↑ Evans, Robert (28 April 2019). "Ignore The Poway Synagogue Shooter's Manifesto: Pay Attention To 8chan's /pol/ Board". Bellingcat. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
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  113. ↑ Ainge Roy, Eleanor (14 August 2019). "'It brings everything back': Christchurch despairs over white supremacist attacks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  114. ↑ "Texas Man Pleads Guilty to 90 Federal Hate Crimes and Firearms Violations for August 2019 Mass Shooting at Walmart in El Paso, Texas". justice.gov. 8 February 2023. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  115. ↑ Burke, Jason (11 August 2019). "Norway mosque attack suspect 'inspired by Christchurch and El Paso shootings'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
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  117. ↑ Lim, Min Zhang (27 January 2021). "16-year old Singaporean detained under ISA for planning terror attacks on two mosques". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  118. ↑ Mahmud, Aqil Haziq (27 January 2021). "16-year-old Singaporean detained under ISA after planning to attack Muslims at 2 mosques". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
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  120. ↑ "23-vuotias nainen julkaisi hälyttävää materiaalia verkossa – Puolustus: "Ei aikomusta vahingoittaa"". Iltalehti. 18 March 2024.
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  1. ↑ Including 11 with dual citizenship: 4 Egyptian, 3 Jordanian, 1 Bangladeshi, 1 Fijian, 1 Iraqi and 1 Pakistani.
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