Henry VI of England
Henry VI (6 December 1421 — 21 May 1471) also known as Henry of Windsor and nicknamed the Mad and later the Saint was the King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. He was also the disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of King Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne at the age of nine months upon his father's death, and succeeded to the French throne on the death of his grandfather, Charles VI, shortly afterwards.
| Henry VI | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Posthumous painting, c. 1540 | |
| King of England (more...) | |
| First Reign | 31 August 1422 — 4 March 1461 |
| Coronation | 6 November 1429 |
| Predecessor | Henry V |
| Successor | Edward VII |
| Second Reign | 3 October 1470 — 11 April 1471 |
| Predecessor | Edward VII |
| Successor | Edward VII |
| Regent |
|
| King of France (Disputed) | |
| Reign | 21 October 1422 — 19 October 1453 |
| Coronation | 16 December 1431 |
| Predecessor | Charles VI |
| Successor | Charles VII |
| Regent |
|
| Born | 6 December 1421 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England |
| Died | 21 May 1471 (aged 49) Tower of London |
| Burial | 12 August 1484 |
| Spouse | Margaret of Anjou (m. 1445) |
| Issue | Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales |
| House | Lancaster (Plantagenet) |
| Father | Henry V of England |
| Mother | Catherine of Valois |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Signature |  |
Saint Henry VI of England | |
|---|---|
| Saint, Defender of the Faith, King | |
| Venerated in | Western Christianity and Church of England |
| Canonized | 1485 by the Church of England |
| Major shrine | St George's Chapel, Windsor |
| Feast | 21 May |
| Patronage | England, Monarchy of the United Kingdom |
The King Edit
Henry was the only child of King Henry V of England and was his heir. He was born on 6 December 1421 at Windsor. He became king at the age of nine months on 31 August 1422, when his father died. His mother, Catherine of Valois, was then only twenty years old. Because she was the daughter of King Charles VI of France, and France had been the enemy of England, the English people did not trust her and she was not allowed to have a large part in raising her son.
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Henry IV's youngest son, was given the position of Protector and Defender of the Realm and the Church (Regent of England) until the King was old enough to rule. His job was to keep the peace and deal with Parliament. Henry IV's oldest living son, John, Duke of Bedford, was made the Regent of France. He was in charge of running the war that was happening. Bedford also replaced Gloucester as Regent of England whenever he was in England.
Coronation Edit
Henry was eventually made King of England at Westminster Abbey on 6 November 1429 a month before his eighth birthday. He was made King of France at Notre Dame in Paris on 16 December 1431. Because he was a child he was not allowed to control the government until he was declared of age on his sixteenth birthday in 1437, the same year his mother died.
Henry's marriage to Margaret of Anjou Edit
Because of his success in the Hundred Years' War, Henry V had left England with a lot of land in France. Since Henry VI was still a child, and England was ruled by a Regent, much of the land his father gained was lost. Diplomatic mistakes as well as military failures caused the loss of most of the English land in France.
Henry VI was a deeply spiritual man and was not very interested in politics. He let his court be controlled by a few noblemen who were called his "favourites". The people who wanted to end the war in France became more powerful, and Henry went along with them. Henry VI was told that the best way to get peace with France was to marry Margaret of Anjou, who was a niece of King Charles VII of France. Charles agreed to let Henry marry Margaret as long as he did not have to give her a dowry and was given the lands of Maine and Anjou by the English. Henry agreed, but did not let Parliament know about giving away Maine and Anjou. He thought that the English people would not be happy to know that the land was being given away to France.
The marriage happened in 1445. Margaret was much the opposite of Henry. She was ready to take decisions and lead while he was happy to be led by her. Margaret was a stronger ruler than Henry ever was, even though she was only sixteen at that time.
The Wars of the Roses Edit
Death and legacy Edit
After Henry VI was desposed for the second time, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he was eventually murdered on 21 May 1471 while praying at the age of 50. He was most likely murderd on the orders of King Edward IV.
However, Popular legend said that Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was guilty of his murder, as well as the murder of Henry's son Edward of Westminster. Henry's body was originally buried in Chertsey Abbey until in 1485, fourteen years after his death, where his body was moved by Richard III to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.
Henry was not a popular king during his lifetime. However, after his death, Henry's popularity increased and miracles were declared after his death. Despite not being canonized, he was considered a Saint and a Marytr ever since his death.
Despite Henry's reign being so disastrous, it was also successful as Henry grestly improved education. On 12 February 1441, he founded King's College in Cambridge. He did this for the poor. The College was named after Saint Nicholas, whose feast day was the same day Henry was born.
Notes Edit
- ↑ Originally interred at Chertsey Abbey, Surrey.