Henry VI of England

Henry VI (6 December 1421 - 21 May 1471) was King of England twice. The first time was from 31 August 1422 to 1461. The second time was from 1470 to 21 May 1471. He was also the King of France from 1422 to 1453.

Henry VI
Miniature of Henry VI in the Talbot Shrewsbury Book, 1444–1445
King of England, Lord of Ireland (more...)
Reign	1 September 1422 – 4 March 1461 3 October 1470 – 11 April 1471
Coronation	6 November 1429, Westminster Abbey
Predecessor	Henry V
Successor	Edward IV
Lord Protector	Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (1422–1429) Richard, Duke of York (1454–1455, 1455–1456, 1460)
King of France (Treaty of Troyes)
Reign	21 October 1422 – 19 October 1453
Coronation	16 December 1431, Notre-Dame de Paris
Predecessor	Charles VI
Successor	Charles VII
Lord Protector	John, Duke of Bedford (1422–1435)
Born	6 December 1421 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
Died	21 May 1471(1471-05-21) (aged 49) Tower of London, London, England
Burial	12 August 1484 St George's Chapel, Windsor
Spouse	Margaret of Anjou ​ (m. 1445)​
Issue	Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
House	Lancaster (Plantagenet)
Father	Henry V of England
Mother	Catherine of Valois
Signature

The King

Henry was the only child of King Henry V of England and was his heir. He was born on 6 December 1421 at Windsor. He became king at the age of nine months on 31 August 1422, when his father died. His mother, Catherine of Valois, was then only twenty years old. Because she was the daughter of King Charles VI of France, and France had been the enemy of England, the English people did not trust her and she was not allowed to have a large part in raising her son.

Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Henry IV's youngest son, was given the position of Protector and Defender of the Realm and the Church (Regent of England) until the King was old enough to rule. His job was to keep the peace and deal with Parliament. Henry IV's oldest living son, John, Duke of Bedford, was made the Regent of France. He was in charge of running the war that was happening. Bedford also replaced Gloucester as Regent of England whenever he was in England.

Coronation

Henry was eventually made King of England at Westminster Abbey on 6 November 1429 a month before his eighth birthday. He was made King of France at Notre Dame in Paris on 16 December 1431. Because he was a child he was not allowed to control the government until he was declared of age on his sixteenth birthday in 1437, the same year his mother died.

Henry's marriage to Margaret of Anjou

Because of his success in the Hundred Years' War, Henry V had left England with a lot of land in France. Since Henry VI was still a child, and England was ruled by a Regent, much of the land his father gained was lost. Diplomatic mistakes as well as military failures caused the loss of most of the English land in France.

Henry VI was a deeply spiritual man and was not very interested in politics. He let his court be controlled by a few noblemen who were called his "favourites". The people who wanted to end the war in France became more powerful, and Henry went along with them. Henry VI was told that the best way to get peace with France was to marry Margaret of Anjou, who was a niece of King Charles VII of France. Charles agreed to let Henry marry Margaret as long as he did not have to give her a dowry and was given the lands of Maine and Anjou by the English. Henry agreed, but did not let Parliament know about giving away Maine and Anjou. He thought that the English people would not be happy to know that the land was being given away to France.

The marriage happened in 1445. Margaret was much the opposite of Henry. She was ready to take decisions and lead while he was happy to be led by her. Margaret was a stronger ruler than Henry ever was, even though she was only sixteen at that time.

The Wars of the Roses

See the main article: Wars of the Roses

Death and legacy

Henry VI was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he was murdered on 21 May 1471. Popular legend said that Richard, Duke of Gloucester was guilty of his murder, as well as the murder of Henry VI's son Edward of Westminster. King Henry VI was originally buried in Chertsey Abbey. In 1485, his body was moved to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. He was succeeded by Edward IV, son of Richard, Duke of York.