Javanese language
Austronesian language
The Javanese language is a Austronesian language. It is spoken mostly on Java, in Indonesia.
| Javanese | |
|---|---|
| ꦧꦱꦗꦮ Basa Jawa | |
 Basa (language) written in the Javanese script | |
| Pronunciation | [bɔsɔ dʒɔwɔ] |
| Native to | Java (Indonesia) |
| Ethnicity | Javanese (Mataram, Osing, Tenggerese, Boyanese, Samin, Cirebonese, Banyumasan, Javanese Surinamese, etc) |
Native speakers | 94 million (2013)[1] |
Early forms | Old Javanese
|
Standard forms | Kawi
(Early standard form) Surakartan Javanese
(Modern standard form) |
| Dialects | Javanese dialects |
| Latin script Javanese script Pegon alphabet | |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | jv |
| ISO 639-2 | jav |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously: jav – Javanese jvn – Caribbean Javanese jas – New Caledonian Javanese osi – Osing tes – Tenggerese kaw – Kawi |
| Glottolog | java1253[2] |
| Linguasphere | 31-MFM-a |
 Dark green: areas where Javanese is the majority language. Light green: where it is a minority language. | |
Demographic distribution of Javanese speakersEdit
Javanese is spoken throughout Indonesia, neighboring Southeast Asian countries, the Netherlands, Suriname, New Caledonia and other countries. However, the greatest concentration of speakers is in the six provinces of Java itself, and in the neighboring Sumatran province of Lampung.
Below, a table with the number of native speakers in 1980 is provided.[3]
| Indonesian province | % of the population | Javanese speakers (1980) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Aceh province | 6.7% | 175,000 |
| 2. | North Sumatra | 21.0% | 1,757,000 |
| 3. | West Sumatra | 1.0% | 56,000 |
| 4. | Jambi | 17.0% | 245,000 |
| 5. | South Sumatra | 12.4% | 573,000 |
| 6. | Bengkulu | 15.4% | 118,000 |
| 7. | Lampung | 62.4% | 2,886,000 |
| 8. | Riau | 8.5% | 184,000 |
| 9. | Jakarta | 3.6% | 236,000 |
| 10. | West Java[4] | 13.3% | 3,652,000 |
| 11. | Central Java | 96.9% | 24,579,000 |
| 12. | Yogyakarta | 97.6% | 2,683,000 |
| 13. | East Java | 74.5% | 21,720,000 |
| 14. | Bali | 1.1% | 28,000 |
| 15. | West Kalimantan | 1.7% | 41,000 |
| 16. | Central Kalimantan | 4.0% | 38,000 |
| 17. | South Kalimantan | 4.7% | 97,000 |
| 18. | East Kalimantan | 10.1% | 123,000 |
| 19. | North Sulawesi | 1.0% | 20,000 |
| 20. | Central Sulawesi | 2.9% | 37,000 |
| 21. | Southeast Sulawesi | 3.6% | 34,000 |
| 22. | Maluku | 1.1% | 16,000 |
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Javanesic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ The data is taken from the census of 1980 as provided by James J. Fox and Peter Gardiner and published by S.A. Wurm and Shiro Hattori, eds. 1983. Language Atlas of the Pacific Area, Part II. (Insular South-east Asia). Canberra
- ↑ In 1980 this included the now separate Banten province
