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User:Immanuelle/Jinaicho

< User:Immanuelle
The moat that divided the temple town



</br> (Kuboujiji Jinaicho, Yao City, Osaka Prefecture )

Jinaicho/Jinaimachi (寺内町) refers to self-governing settlements formed around Buddhist temples or dojos (gobo) constructed by the Jōdo Shinshū sect from the late medieval to early modern periods in Japan. These settlements were defensively oriented, surrounded by moats and earthworks, and were populated by believers, merchants, and craftsmen.

The name means literally Temple (寺, Ji) inside (内, nai) Town (町, Cho/Machi)

The name "Jinaicho" originated because the entire area of the town was considered to be within the precincts of a temple, different from the "monzen-machi" (temple town), which formed outside the temple precincts to serve pilgrims.

Jinaicho [ja] were self governing communities run by Jōdo Shinshū in the Muromachi period.[1] These communities came into existence around temples and gave people protection.[1] They were characterized by the defense functions such as the surrounding moats and earthen walls for fortification, within which Buddhist devotees as well as

While some temple towns and cities have declined or disappeared throughout history, towns that have survived to the present day, such as Tondabayashi and Imai, have taken advantage of the Important Preservation District System for Groups of Traditional Buildings, and each temple town has been redeveloped to make use of its historical landscape.merchants and traders lived together.[2]

Isshindenjimachi, a town formed around Senshu-ji Temple, the head temple of the Jodo Shinshu sect of Buddhism

Overview change

Jinaicho refers to cities constructed not only by the Jōdo Shinshū sect but also by other Buddhist sects such as Zen, Hokke, and Nichiren during the late medieval to early modern periods.[3] Most Jinaicho were surrounded by moats and comprised religious facilities, residences for religious figures, and townspeople's homes.[3] Notably, Yoshizaki Gobo, Yamashina Honganji, and Osaka Honganji served as strategic bases showing similarities to castle towns of the Warring States period[4], with Yamashina Honganji being regarded as Japan's first fortified city. The defensive attributes of Osaka Honganji, including the construction of a large "yagura" (tower), were particularly notable during its time.[5]

The establishment of various Jinaicho generally concentrated around the Sengoku period, with towns like Tenma in Settsu Province and Yao in Kawachi Province established with donations from Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1585[6] and Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1607[3], respectively. The construction spread widely across advanced regions of Kinai [7] but extended over a wide area of the Japanese archipelago, including Hakata in Kyushu and Chikuzen Province, and the Hokuriku region.

Jinaicho often received the right of "kendan" (inspection) from the feudal lords, allowing residents to govern themselves.[7] They also gained privileges such as "za" (guild rights), exemption from "kuji" (public duties), "tokusei" (debt relief laws), and exemption from "kuni-shichi" and "sho-shichi" (types of pawn actions)[8], resulting in lower tax burdens for residents.[9]

Jinaicho represents one of the most advanced forms of medieval urban integration of religion, economy, and politics, and has been the subject of studies in religious history, folk history, and urban history.[10]

Cities and Buddhist Temples change

Buddhist temples were important in medieval Japanese cities. They were linked to city growth. Buddhist sects formed in cities. People joined them to escape the caste system. Priests used to travel. They started staying in one place during rains. Temples were built in easy-to-reach locations. Over time, temples became important city features. "City castles" or tojo made temples more prominent.[1]

Formation and Development of Jinaicho change

Jinaicho developed in stages:

  1. Before Jinaicho: Temples were symbols of authority.
  2. Emergence of Jinaicho: Public halls were built for worship.
  3. Central and Regional Jinaicho: There were main and smaller jinaicho.
  4. Transformation of Jinaicho: Jinaicho changed over time.

Jodo Shinshu followers led to Jinaicho's rise. They built towns around temples for religious solidarity.[1]

Jinaicho in Urban History change

Jinaicho was part of a larger urban trend. In Kyoto, the Hokke sect built a walled area. Sakai and Hirano became fortified cities. This was for defense and independence. Warriors built castle towns, or jokamachi.[1]

List of temple towns change

They are common in the Chubu and Kinki regions, where the influence of the Hongan-ji Temple and the Ikko Ikki was strong.

Chubu region change

Toyama Prefecture change

Ishikawa Prefecture change

Fukui Prefecture change

Aichi prefecture change

 
Honshoji Temple (Nodera Head Temple)
  • Nodera ( Nodera-cho, Anjo City, Aichi Prefecture) - Honshoji Temple (Nodera Head Temple). The central temple of the Mikawa Ikko Ikki uprising .
  • Toro ( Fukuoka-cho, Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture ) - Former Honshu Temple (Toro Gobo). The central temple of the Mikawa Ikko Ikki uprising .
  • Sasaki (Kamisasakicho , Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture ) - Former Kamimiyaji Temple (Sasaki Gobo). The core temple of the Mikawa Ikko Ikki uprising .
  • Harizaki ( Harizakicho, Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture) - Shomanji Temple (Harizaki Gobo). The core temple of the Mikawa Ikko Ikki uprising .

Kinki change

Mie Prefecture change

Shiga Prefecture change

  • Kanamori ( Moriyama City, Shiga Prefecture ) - Zenryuji Temple, Kanamori Gobo
  • Akanoi (Moriyama City, Shiga Prefecture) - Akanoi East Branch Temple, Akanoi West Branch Temple

Kyoto change

Osaka Prefecture change

 
Tondabayashi Jinaicho
  • Osaka (Chuo-ku , Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture ) - Ishiyama Honganji Temple (the central temple of the Ishiyama War )
  • Tenma (Kita-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture ) -Tenma Honganji Temple
  • Kaneda (Kita-ku , Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture ) - Kounenji Temple, Butsugenji Temple, Chokoji Temple, Saikoji Temple (temple town of the Shinshu Bukkoji sect )
  • Tomita ( Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture) - Kyogyo -ji Temple
  • Kaizuka ( Kaizuka City, Osaka Prefecture) - Gansenji Temple
  • Hirakata ( Hirakata City, Osaka Prefecture) - Junkoji Temple
  • Shodai (Hirakata City, Osaka Prefecture) - Keio-ji Temple
  • Exit (Hirakata City, Osaka Prefecture) -Kozenji Temple
  • Kyuhoji Temple ( Yao City, Osaka Prefecture) - Kenshoji Temple, Kyuhoji Temple Gobo
  • Yao (Yao City, Osaka Prefecture) - Daishinji Temple, Yao Gobo
  • Kayafuri (Yao City, Osaka Prefecture) - Ekoji Temple, Kayafuri Gobo
  • Tondabayashi ( Tondabayashi City, Osaka Prefecture ) - Koshoji Tondabayashi Betsuin (Tondabayashi Gobo, a temple town of the Shinshu Koshoha sect ) ( Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings )
  • Ogatsuka ( Kanan Town, Minamikawachi District, Osaka Prefecture) - Kenshoji Temple, Ogatsuka Gobo

Hyogo Prefecture change

  • Amagasaki ( Amagasaki City , Hyogo Prefecture ) - Honkoji Temple and Choenji Temple (temple towns of the Hokke Honmonryu and Nichiren sects, respectively)
  • Tsukaguchi (Amagasaki City, Hyogo Prefecture) - Koshoji Tsukaguchi Branch Temple ( Shogenji Temple )
  • Obama (Takarazuka City, Hyogo Prefecture ) - Gosetsuji Temple

Nara Prefecture change

 
Imaijinaicho
  • Imai ( Kashihara City , Nara Prefecture ) - Shonenji Temple, Imai Gobo (Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings)
  • Takada ( Yamatotakada City, Nara Prefecture) - Senryu -ji Temple, Takada Gobo
  • Tawaramoto ( Tawaramoto Town , Ikoma District, Nara Prefecture) - Joshoji Temple, Tawaramoto Gobo
  • Hashio ( Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi -gun, Nara Prefecture ) - Kyogyo-ji Temple, Hashio Gobo
  • Higashi-Gose ( Gose City, Nara Prefecture) - Enshoji Temple, Goshogobo
  • Shimoichi ( Shimoichi Town, Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture) - Gangyo- ji Temple, Shimoichi Gobo
  • Iigai (Yoshino-cho, Yoshino - gun, Nara Prefecture) - Honzenji Temple, Iigai Gobo

Wakayama Prefecture change

Related articles change

 
Jinaicho formed around the main temple of Jōdo Shinshū Takada sect, Senshūji
 
Moats that demarcated Jinaicho
(Kyuhoji Jinaicho in Yao City, Osaka Prefecture)

References change

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/english/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun1/pdf/008009.pdf
  2. ↑ Yu, A. C. "Jinaicho - Japanese Wiki Corpus". www.japanesewiki.com. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [en]. Retrieved 2024-04-13.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 辻井 2017.
  4. ↑ 玉井哲雄 「都市の計画と建設」『日本通史』11 近世1、朝尾直弘ほか（編）、岩波書店、1993年12月、78頁。
  5. ↑ 福島克彦 『畿内・近国の戦国合戦』 吉川弘文館、2009年6月、200‐203頁。
  6. ↑ 伊藤毅 「摂津天満本願寺 寺内町の構成(上) : 寺内町の位置,規模,街区構成について」『日本建築学会計画系論文報告集』371 日本建築学会、1987年、120頁。
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 今井 1973. sfn error: multiple targets (4×): CITEREF今井1973 (help)
  8. ↑ 仁木宏 「寺内町と城下町」『戦国の地域国家』、有光友學（編）、吉川弘文館、2003年5月、275頁。
  9. ↑ 脇田修 「<論説>寺内町の構造と展開」『史林』41巻1号 史学研究会 (京都大学文学部内)、1958年1月、3‐4頁。
  10. ↑ 鍛代敏雄 「畿内寺内町と一向一揆」『戦国織豊期の政治と文化』、米原正義先生古稀記念論文集刊行会 （編）、続群書類従完成会、1993年3月、185頁。

References change

Further reading change

1973). "A Study on Ishiyama Honganji Jinaimachi". Taikenyama Ronso. History edition. 6. Osaka University Faculty of Letters: 1–18. hdl:11094/47958. ISSN 0387-4818. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "Japanese" ignored (help); line feed character in |date= at position 9 (help)

External link change

For other uses, see Term as a historical settlement; The municipality that existed in Minamiakita District, Akita Prefecture; and Jinaimachi, Akita.

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