Yemen
Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen is a nation in the Middle East. It is the old North Yemen and South Yemen, in the south of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders Saudi Arabia and Oman on the north and the east. To the south is the Guardafui Channel and Gulf of Aden, and to the west is the Red Sea. Yemen owns the island of Socotra (217 miles) to the south off the coast of East Africa. A person or thing from Yemen is called Yemeni. Yemen's capital city is Sana'a.
Republic of Yemen | |
|---|---|
.svg) Emblem
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| Motto: ٱللَّهُ، ثُمَّ ٱلْوَطَنُ، ٱلثَوْرَةُ، ٱلْوَحْدَةُ Allāh, thumma al-Waṭan, ath-Thawrah, al-Waḥdah "God, then Country, Revolution, Unity" | |
| Anthem: الجمهورية المتحدة al-Jumhūrīyah al-Muttaḥidah "United Republic" | |
.svg) | |
| Status | |
| Capital and largest city | Sanaa[n 1] 15°20′54″N 44°12′23″E / 15.34833°N 44.20639°E |
| Capital-in-exile | Aden[n 2] |
| Official languages | Arabic[2] |
| Ethnic groups (2000)[3] | 92.8% Arabs 3.7% Somalis 3.5% other |
| Religion (2020)[4] | |
| Demonym(s) | Yemeni Yemenite |
| Government | Unitary totalitarian provisional republic |
• Chairman | Rashad al-Alimi (disputed)[n 3] |
| Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak (disputed)[n 4] | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Shura Council | |
| House of Representatives | |
| Establishment | |
• Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen establisheda | 30 October 1918 |
• Yemen Arab Republic established | 26 September 1962 |
• South Yemen independenceb | 30 November 1967 |
| 22 May 1990 | |
| 16 May 1991 | |
| 16 September 2014 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 555,000[5] km2 (214,000 sq mi) (49th) |
• Water (%) | negligible |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 34,449,825[6]  (48th) |
• Density | 44.7/km2 (115.8/sq mi) (160th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total |  $65.603 billion[7] (111th) |
• Per capita | $2,078[7] (213th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $28.134 billion[7] (111th) |
• Per capita | $891[7] (195th) |
| Gini (2014) | 36.7[8] medium |
| HDI (2021) | 0.455[9] low · 183rd |
| Currency | Yemeni rial (YER) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (AST) |
| Driving side | right[10] |
| Calling code | +967 |
| ISO 3166 code | YE |
| Internet TLD | .ye, اليمن. |
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Unlike other countries in Arabia Yemenis are mostly ethnically Jewish with small groups of various south Semitic peoples.[source?] In ancient times, Yemen was an important center of trade and power. Many powerful kingdoms were in Yemen, including the Sabaeans. Yemen was important in the trade of spices as well. It was known to the ancient Romans as Arabia Felix ("Happy Arabia" in Latin). They called it Happy Arabia because the area was so beautiful and powerful.
In the 700s, Yemenis were among the first to join the new religion Islam. Since then, Yemenis have been staunch Muslims who were in the forefront of all Islam conquests. Men whose ancestors came from Yemen ruled Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain) for centuries. The Ottoman Empire took control of North Yemen, and the British Empire took South Yemen, in the early 20th century. The two parts were united in 1990 and later fought civil wars. The latest one started in 2015. Some famous people including former President Ali Abdullah Saleh were killed, and thousands died of hunger.
Today, Yemen has over 34,5 million people. Most of them speak Arabic.
Geography
change
Yemen is in Western Asia. It is on the southern half of the Arabian Peninsula. A number of Red Sea islands, including the Hanish Islands, Kamaran, and Perim, as well as Socotra in the Arabian Sea, belong to Yemen. Many of the islands are volcanic. For example, Jabal al-Tair had a volcanic eruption in 2007 and before that in 1883. The highest point in Yemen is Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb.
Economy
changeYemen is one of the poorest and least developed countries in the Arab World. There is a 35% unemployment rate, which means 35 out of every 100 people in the labor force don't have a job.
Government
changeAs a result of the 2011–2012 Yemeni uprising, the constitution of Yemen was rewritten. New elections were to be held in 2014. Some areas are controlled by armed militant groups. On 23 January 2015, the President, Prime Minister and Cabinet resigned. War continued, with Saudi Arabia and Iran supporting different sides.
Governorates
changeAs of February 2004, Yemen is divided into twenty governorates and one municipality called "Amanat Al-Asemah".[11]
| Division | Capital City | Population 2004 Census [12] |
Population 2006 est.[13] |
Key |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 'Aden | Aden | 589,419 | 634,710 | 1 |
| 'Amran | 'Amran | 877,786 | 909,992 | 2 |
| Abyan | Zinjibar | 433,819 | 454,535 | 3 |
| Ad-Dali' | Ad Dali' | 470,564 | 504,533 | 4 |
| Al Bayda' | Al Bayda' | 577,369 | 605,303 | 5 |
| Al Hudaydah | Al-Hudaydah | 2,157,552 | 2,300,179 | 6 |
| Al Jawf | Al-Jawf | 443,797 | 465,737 | 7 |
| Al-Mahrah | Al-Ghaydah | 88,594 | 96,768 | 8 |
| Al-Mahwit | Al-Mahweet | 494,557 | 523,236 | 9 |
| Amanat Al-Asemah | Sana'a | 1,747,834 | 1,947,139 | 10 |
| Dhamar | Dhamar | 1,330,108 | 1,412,142 | 11 |
| Hadhramaut | Al-Mukalla | 1,028,556 | 1,092,967 | 12 |
| Hajjah | Hajjah | 1,479,568 | 1,570,872 | 13 |
| Ibb | Ibb | 2,131,861 | 2,238,537 | 14 |
| Lahij | Lahij | 722,694 | 761,160 | 15 |
| Ma'rib | Ma'rib | 238,522 | 251,668 | 16 |
| Raymah | ElJabeen | 394,448 | 418,659 | 17 |
| Sa'dah | Sa`dah | 695,033 | 746,957 | 18 |
| Sana'a | Sana'a | 919,215 | 957,798 | 19 |
| Shabwah | Ataq | 470,440 | 494,638 | 20 |
| Taiz | Taiz | 1,121,000 | 2,513,003 | 21 |
The governorates are divided into 333 districts. The districts are divided into 2,210 sub-districts, and then into 38,284 villages (as of 2001).
Demographics
changeYemen has about 34 million people according to June 2023 estimates. 46% of the people are under 15 years old. Yemenis are mainly of Arab origin.[4] Arabic is the official language.
Religion in Yemen is mostly of two main Islamic religious groups; 53% of the Muslim population is Sunni[14] and 45% is Shiite according to the UNHCR.[14][15]
According to 2009 estimates, life expectancy in Yemen is 63.27 years.[4]
Sport
changeFootball is the most popular sport in Yemen. The Yemen national football team competes in the FIFA and the AFC leagues. The country also hosts many football clubs that compete in the national or international leagues.
Yemen's mountains have many opportunities for outdoor sports, such as rock climbing, hill climbing, and hiking. The coast of Yemen and Socotra island have opportunities for water sports, such as surfing, sailing, swimming, and scuba diving. Socotra island is one of the best surfing places in the world.
Yemen's biggest sports event was hosting the 2010 Gulf Cup of Nations.
References
change
- ↑ Al-Sakani, Ali (19 April 2022). "Yemen inaugurates new presidential council". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
Yemen's Prime Minister Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed, along with other senior government officials, had also arrived in Aden, which serves as Yemen's temporary capital, before the swearing-in ceremony.
- ↑ "Yemen's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2015" (PDF). Constitute Project. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ↑ "Yemen - Flora, Fauna, Ecosystems | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Yemen". Central Intelligence Agency. CIA World Factbook. 6 December 2013.
- ↑ "IAEA's support to animal health services in Yemen". IAEA. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ↑ "Yemen population". Yemen population 2023 Estimate based on UN World Bank. world population review.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". World Bank. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ↑ "Yemen". International News Safety Institute. Archived from the original on 5 May 2010. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
- ↑ Governorates of Yemen.
- ↑ Central Statistical Organisation of Yemen. General Population Housing and Establishment Census 2004 Final Results [1] Archived 2013-05-21 at the Wayback Machine, Statistic Yearbook 2005 of Yemen [2] Archived 2010-06-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Statistic Yearbook 2006 of Yemen". Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 UNHRC – Yemen: The conflict in Saada Governorate – analysis
- ↑ Merrick, Jane; Sengupta, Kim (20 September 2009). "Yemen: The land with more guns than people". London: independent.co.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
- Notes
- ↑ Constitutional capital under Houthi movement control
- ↑ Claimed by the Presidential Leadership Council as its provisional capital[1]
- ↑ Disputed by Mahdi al-Mashat of the Supreme Political Council. Despite not holding an official position in the government, Houthi movement leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi controls the SPC.
- ↑ Disputed by Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour of the Supreme Political Council