1583

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century – 16th century – 17th century
Decades:	1550s 1560s 1570s – 1580s – 1590s 1600s 1610s
Years:	1580 1581 1582 – 1583 – 1584 1585 1586

1583 (MDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar.

Events change

January 8 – Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (d. 1643)
March 3 – Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (d. 1648)
April 10 – Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (d. 1645)
June 16 – Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (d. 1654)
June 20 – Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652)
July 2 – Dodo Knyphausen, German soldier (d. 1636)
September – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (d. 1643)
September 24 – Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general (d. 1634)
November 24 – Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (d. 1641)
December 17 – Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey, English adventurer and soldier (d. 1642)
December 25 – Orlando Gibbons, English composer (d. 1625)
date unknown
- Hendrick Jacobszoon Lucifer, Dutch pirate and buccaneer (d. 1627)
- Johann Heinrich Alting, German divine (d. 1644)
- John Beaumont, English poet (d. 1627)
- Bonaventura Elzevir, Dutch printer (d. 1652)
- Stanisław Lubomirski, Polish nobleman (d. 1649)
- Philip Massinger, English dramatist (d. 1640)
- Hayashi Razan, Japanese neo-Confucianist scholar (d. 1657)
probable
- Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian (d. 1646)
- Nzinga, warrior queen of Ndongo and Matamba (d. 1663)
- Aurelian Townshend, English poet (d. 1643)

March 18 – King Magnus of Livonia (b. 1540)
April – Lucas David, Prussian historian (b. 1503)
May 6 – Zacharias Ursinus, German theologian (b. 1534)
June 6
- Nakagawa Kiyohide, Japanese military commander (b. 1556)
- Shibata Katsutoyo, Japanese military commander (b. 1556)
June 9 – Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1525)
June – Oda Nobutaka, Japanese samurai (b. 1558)
July 1 – Sakuma Morimasa, Japanese samurai and warlord (beheaded)
July 6 – Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1519)
September 9 – Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer (born c. 1537)
September 16 – Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John II of Sweden (b. 1526)
November 11 – Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond, Irish rebel
November 24 – René de Birague, French cardinal and chancellor (b. 1506)
December 14 – Ivan Fyodorov, Russian printer
December 31 – Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (b. 1524)
date unknown
- Shibata Katsuie, Japanese military commander (b. 1530)
- Andrei Kurbskii, Russian writer (b. 1528)