November 11
day of the year
November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 50 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
changeUp to 1900
change- 1100 – Henry I of England marries Matilda of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland.
- 1417 – Pope Martin V is elected.
- 1500 – Treaty of Granada: Louis XII of France and Ferdinand III of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples.
- 1620 – In what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod, the Mayflower Compact is signed on the Mayflower, establishing the basic laws for the Plymouth Colony.
- 1648 – France and the Netherlands agree to divide the island of Sint Maarten/Saint Martin.
- 1675 – Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the y=x function.
- 1675 – Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
- 1750 – Riots break out Lhasa after the murder of the Tibetan regent.
- 1839 – The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia.
- 1855 – An earthquake near Edo, now Tokyo, kills 6,000 people.
- 1864 – American Civil War: Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins burning Atlanta, Georgia to the ground in preparation for his march south.
- 1865 – The Treaty of Sinchula is signed: Bhutan gives areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company.
- 1880 – Australian bushranger and bank robber Ned Kelly is hung in Melbourne.
- 1887 – Haymarket trials: August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer and George Engel are executed.
- 1887 – Building work begins on the Manchester Ship Canal.
- 1889 – Washington is admitted as the 42nd U.S. state.
1901 – 2000
change- 1918 – World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside of Compiègne in France.
- 1918 – Józef Piłsudski comes to Warsaw and assumes supreme military power in Poland.
- 1918 – Emperor Charles I of Austria abdicates.
- 1919 – Latvian forces defeat the Freikorps at Riga in the Latvian War of Independence.
- 1921 – The Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by US President Warren G. Harding at Arlington National Cemetery.
- 1926 – The US' numbered Highway system is introduced.
- 1930 – Patent number US1781541 is given to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator.
- 1934 – The Shrine of Remembrance is opened in Melbourne, Australia.
- 1940 – World War II: The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto.
- 1940 – The Armistice Day Blizzard kills 144 people in the Midwestern United States.
- 1942 – World War II: Germany completes its occupation of France.
- 1954 – The Two Towers, part of the trilogy of The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, is released in the UK.
- 1960 – In South Vietnam, a coup against Ngo Dinh Diem is crushed.
- 1965 – Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe) was declared independent by the white minority regime of Ian Smith.
- 1966 – NASA launches spaceship Gemini 12.
- 1967 – Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, three American prisoners of war are released by the NLF and turned over to "new left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden.
- 1968 – Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal was to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, through Laos into South Vietnam.
- 1968 – A second republic is declared in Maldives.
- 1972 – Vietnam War: Vietnamization – The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam.
- 1975 – Angola becomes independent from Portugal, with Agostinho Neto as president.
- 1975 – Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam and commissions Malcolm Fraser as Prime Minister.
- 1978 – Maumoon Gayoom succeeds Ibrahim Nasir as the President of the Republic of the Maldives.
- 1978 – A renovated Hollywood sign is unveiled, replacing the older version that was built in 1923.
- 1981 – Antigua and Barbuda joins the UN.
- 1986 – Sperry Rand and Burroughs merge to form Unisys. They become the second largest computer company.
- 1992 – The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.
- 1997 – Mary McAleese was inaugurated as the eighth President of Ireland.
- 2000 – In Kaprun, Austria, 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel.
From 2001
change- 2004 – New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior dedicated at the National War Memorial, Wellington
- 2004 – Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization minutes after the death of Yasser Arafat.
- 2004 – Official Guided by Voices Day in San Diego, California.
- 2004 – Mary McAleese was inaugurated for a second term as President of Ireland.
- 2006 – Queen Elizabeth II unveils the New Zealand War Memorial in London.
- 2008 – The ship RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 sets sail for its last voyage.
- 2008 – Mohamed Nasheed succeeds Maumoon Gayoom as President of the Maldives.
- 2011 – Michael D. Higgins is inaugurated as President of Ireland.
- 2014 – 58 people are killed in a bus crash in Sukkur District in Pakistan's southern province of Sindh.
- 2018 – Ceremonies take place worldwide to mark 100 years since the end of World War I; several political leaders gather in France, while Frank-Walter Steinmeier becomes the first German Head of state to take part in the official Remembrance Day commemorations in London.
- 2022 – Kherson (city) was liberated after a Ukrainian counteroffensive and the bridge connecting over the Dniper River was destroyed.
Births
changeUp to 1800
change- 995 – Gisela of Swabia (d. 1041)
- 1050 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1106)
- 1154 – King Sancho I of Portugal (d. 1212)
- 1155 – King Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214)
- 1220 – Alphonse, Count of Poitiers (d. 1271)
- 1441 – Charlotte of Savoy, Queen of France (d. 1483)
- 1491 – Martin Bucer, Alsatian theologian and religious reformer (d. 1551)
- 1493 – Paracelsus, Swiss physician, alchemist and mystic (d. 1541)
- 1493 – Bernardo Tasso, Italian poet (d. 1569)
- 1569 – Martin Ruland the Younger, German physician and alchemist (d. 1611)
- 1579 – Frans Snyders, Flemish painter (d. 1657)
- 1599 – Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, Queen of Sweden (d. 1655)
- 1668 – Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar and bibliographer (d. 1736)
- 1696 – Andrea Zani, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1757)
- 1733 – Philip John Schuyler, American politician and soldier (d. 1804)
- 1743 – Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish naturalist (d. 1828)
- 1744 – Abigail Adams, First Lady of the United States (d. 1818)
- 1748 – King Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819)
- 1758 – Caleb P. Bennett, Governor of Delaware (d. 1836)
- 1781 – Caroline Bardua, German painter (d. 1864)
- 1791 – Josef Munzinger, Swiss politician (d. 1855)
- 1792 – Mary Anne Disraeli, Welsh wife of Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (d. 1872)
- 1799 – Charles Bent, Territorial Governor of New Mexico (d. 1847)
1801 – 1900
change- 1821 – Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian writer (d. 1881)
- 1831 – Willard Fiske, American librarian and scholar (d. 1904)
- 1835 – Matthias Jochumsson, Icelandic poet (d. 1920)
- 1848 – Zinovy Rozhdestvensky, Russian admiral (d. 1909)
- 1854 – William Yates Atkinson, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1899)
- 1858 – Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian painter (d. 1884)
- 1863 – Paul Signac, French painter (d. 1935)
- 1864 – Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian pacifist (d. 1921)
- 1869 – Gaetano Bresci, Italian anarchist (d. 1901)
- 1869 – Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (d. 1946)
- 1872 – Maude Adams, American actress (d. 1953)
- 1872 – David I. Walsh, 46th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1947)
- 1882 – Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973)
- 1883 – Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969)
- 1885 – George S. Patton, American general (d. 1945)
- 1887 – Roland Young, English actor (d. 1953)
- 1888 – Abul Kalam Azad, Indian independence activist (d. 1958)
- 1891 – Rabbit Maranville, American baseball player (d. 1954)
- 1893 – Paul van Zeeland, Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1973)
- 1894 – Beverly Bayne, American silent movie actress (d. 1982)
- 1896 – Lucky Luciano, Italian–born American gangster (d. 1962)
- 1898 – René Clair, French movie director (d. 1981)
- 1899 – Pat O'Brien, American movie actor (d. 1983)
1901 – 1950
change- 1901 – Magda Goebbels, wife of Joseph Goebbels (d. 1945)
- 1901 – Sam Spiegel, Austrian–American movie director (d. 1985)
- 1904 – Alger Hiss, American government official and spy (d. 1996)
- 1904 – J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (d. 1960)
- 1904 – Andrzej Bogucki, Polish actor, operetta singer and songwriter (d. 1978)
- 1909 – Robert Ryan, American actor (d. 1973)
- 1910 – Carl A. Wirtanen, American astronomer (d. 1990)
- 1911 – Roberto Matta, Chilean painter (d. 2002)
- 1912 – Nina Andrycz, Polish actress (d. 2014)
- 1914 – Howard Fast, American writer (d. 2003)
- 1915 – Anna Schwartz, American economist and writer (d. 2012)
- 1917 – Manuel Alexandre, Spanish actor (d. 2010)
- 1918 – Stubby Kaye, American actor (d. 1997)
- 1920 – Roy Jenkins, British politician (d. 2003)
- 1921 – Terrel Bell, American politician, 2nd United States Secretary of Education (d. 1996)
- 1922 – Kurt Vonnegut, American novelist (d. 2007)
- 1925 – John Guillermin, English director, writer and producer (d. 2015)
- 1925 – June Whitfield, English actress (d. 2018)
- 1925 – Jonathan Winters, American comedy actor (d. 2013)
- 1926 – Torfi Bryngeirsson, Icelandic long jumper (d. 1995)
- 1926 – Harry Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1998)
- 1926 – Noah Gordon, American novelist
- 1926 – Maria Teresa de Filippis, Italian racing driver (d. 2016)
- 1927 – Mose Allison, American jazz musician (d. 2016)
- 1928 – Joseph Mercieca, former Archbishop of Malta (d. 2016)
- 1928 – Ernestine Anderson, American singer (d. 2016)
- 1928 – Gracita Morales, Spanish actress and singer (d. 1995)
- 1928 – Carlos Fuentes, Mexican writer (d. 2012)
- 1929 – Hans Magnus Enzensberger, German writer
- 1929 – LaVern Baker, American singer (d. 1997)
- 1930 – Hugh Everett, American physicist (d. 1982)
- 1930 – Vernon Handley, English conductor (d. 2008)
- 1930 – Mildred Dresselhaus, American physicist (d. 2017)
- 1932 – Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist
- 1936 – Mala Sinha, Bollywood movie actress
- 1936 – Susan Kohner, American actress
- 1937 – André Brugiroux, French traveler and writer
- 1937 – Stephen Lewis, Canadian politician and diplomat
- 1938 – Haruhiro Yamashita, Japanese gymnast
- 1938 – Ants Antson, Estonian speed skater (d. 2015)
- 1940 – Barbara Boxer, American politician and United States Senator for California
- 1944 – Kemal Sunal, Turkish actor
- 1945 – Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua
- 1945 – Vince Martell, American musician
- 1945 – Chris Dreja, English guitarist
- 1948 – René Harris, President of Nauru (d. 2008)
- 1950 – Jim Peterik, American musician
1951 – 1975
change- 1951 – Kim Peek, American megasavant (d. 2009)
- 1951 – Fuzzy Zoeller, American golfer
- 1953 – Marshall Crenshaw, American rock music singer
- 1953 – Andy Partridge, British musician and singer–songwriter
- 1953 – Evelyn Matthei, Chilean politician
- 1955 – Friedrich Merz, German politician
- 1955 – Jigme Singye Wangchuck, former King of Bhutan
- 1956 – José Luis Brown, Argentine footballer (d. 2019)
- 1956 – Ian Craig Marsh, English guitarist
- 1958 – Luz Casal, Spanish singer
- 1958 – Kathy Lette, Australian author
- 1960 – Marcel Koller, Swiss footballer and coach
- 1960 – Stanley Tucci, American actor and director
- 1960 – Cristina Odone, Italian journalist, writer and editor
- 1960 – Chuck Hernandez, American baseball player and coach
- 1961 – Luca Zingaretti, Italian actor
- 1962 – James Morrison, Australian musician
- 1962 – Demi Moore, American actress
- 1964 – Calista Flockhart, American actress
- 1966 – Benedicta Boccoli, Italian actress
- 1966 – Alison Doody, Irish actress and model
- 1966 – Paul Monaghan, Scottish politician
- 1968 – Peaches, Canadian–German singer-songwriter, DJ, producer and actress
- 1968 – Alfredo Reinado, East Timorese rebel leader (d. 2008)
- 1969 – Carson Kressley, American television host and fashion designer
- 1970 – Lee Battersby, Australian writer
- 1971 – Jennifer Celotta, American director, producer and screenwriter
- 1972 – Tyler Christopher, American actor
- 1973 – Jason White, American musician (Green Day)
- 1974 – Leonardo DiCaprio, American actor
From 1976
change- 1977 – Ben Hollioake, English cricketer (d. 2002)
- 1977 – Maniche, Portuguese footballer
- 1978 – Ludmilla Radchenko, Russian actress
- 1978 – Erik Edman, Swedish footballer
- 1981 – Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg
- 1981 – Raphael Gualazzi, Italian pianist and singer
- 1981 – Natalie Glebova, Russian–Canadian beauty queen, Miss Universe 2005
- 1982 – Gonzalo Canale, Argentine–born Italian rugby player
- 1983 – Philipp Lahm, German footballer
- 1983 – Arouna Koné, Ivorian footballer
- 1986 – Greta Salóme Stefánsdóttir, Icelandic singer, songwriter and violinist
- 1986 – François Trinh-Duc, French rugby player
- 1987 – Yuya Tegoshi, Japanese singer and actor
- 1989 – Reina Tanaka, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
- 1989 – Adam Rippon, American figure skater
- 1990 – Georginio Wijnaldum, Dutch footballer
- 1990 – Tom Dumoulin, Dutch cyclist
- 1991 – Christa B. Allen, American actress
- 1993 – Jamaal Lascelles, English footballer
- 1994 – Ellie Simmonds, British Paralympic swimmer
Deaths
changeUp to 1900
change- 855 – Petronas, Byzantine Empire general
- 1028 – Constantine VIII, Byzantine Emperor
- 1130 – Theresa, Countess of Portugal (b. 1080)
- 1189 – William II of Sicily (b. 1153)
- 1623 – Philippe de Mornay, French theorist (b. 1549)
- 1686 – Otto von Guericke, German scientist, inventor and politician (b. 1602)
- 1724 – Joseph Blake, English outlaw and highwayman (b. 1700)
- 1751 – Julien Offray de La Mettrie, French physician and philosopher (b. 1709)
- 1831 – Nat Turner, American slave rebel (b. 1800)
- 1855 – Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (b. 1813)
- 1861 – King Pedro V of Portugal (b. 1837)
- 1862 – James Madison Porter, American lawyer and politician (b. 1793)
- 1880 – Ned Kelly, Australian bushranger (b. 1855)
- 1880 – Lucretia Mott, American feminist and abolitionist (b. 1793)
- 1887 – Haymarket affair executions:
- George Engel, German–American businessman and activist (b. 1836)
- Adolph Fischer, German–American printer and activist (b. 1858)
- Albert Parsons, American journalist and activist (b. 1848)
- August Spies, American journalist and activist (b. 1855)
1901 – 2000
change- 1917 – Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii (b. 1838)
- 1918 – George Lawrence Price, Canadian soldier (b. 1892)
- 1918 – Victor Adler, Austrian politician (b. 1852)
- 1919 – Pavel Chistyakov, Russian painter (b. 1832)
- 1919 – Felix von Hartmann, German cardinal (b. 1861)
- 1938 – Typhoid Mary, Irish–American carrier of typhoid fever (b. 1869)
- 1939 – Jan Opletal, Czech student (b. 1915)
- 1945 – Jerome Kern, American composer (b. 1885)
- 1948 – Fred Niblo, American movie actor, director and producer (b. 1874)
- 1950 – Alexandros Diomidis, Greek banker and statesman (b. 1875)
- 1953 – Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1866)
- 1968 – Jeanne Demessieux, French composer (b. 1921)
- 1972 – Berry Oakley, American musician (b. 1948)
- 1973 – Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist (b. 1895)
- 1976 – Alexander Calder, American artist (b. 1898)
- 1977 – Greta Keller, Austrian–American actress and singer (b. 1903)
- 1979 – Dmitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian–American composer and conductor (b. 1894)
- 1984 – Martin Luther King, Sr., American civil rights figure (b. 1899)
- 1985 – Pelle Lindbergh, Swedish ice hockey player (b. 1959)
- 1990 – Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet (b. 1909)
- 1993 – Erskine Hawkins, American trumpeter and big band leader (b. 1914)
- 1994 – Pedro Zamora, Cuban–American AIDS activist (b. 1972)
- 1994 – John A. Volpe, 61st Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1908)
- 1997 – Rod Milburn, American athlete (b. 1950)
- 1999 – Vivian Fuchs, British geologist and polar explorer (b. 1908)
- 2000 – Sandra Schmidt, German skier (b. 1981)
From 2001
change- 2004 – Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian Authority (b. 1929)
- 2004 – Richard Dembo, French director and screenwriter (b. 1948)
- 2005 – Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield, British photographer (b. 1939)
- 2010 – Marie Osborne, American actress (b. 1911)
- 2012 – Rex Hunt, former British Governor of the Falkland Islands (b. 1926)
- 2013 – Domenico Bartolucci, Italian cardinal (b. 1917)
- 2013 – Stein Grieg Halvorsen, Norwegian theatre actor (b. 1909)
- 2014 – John Doar, American lawyer (b. 1921)
- 2014 – Carol Ann Susi, American actress (b. 1952)
- 2014 – Harry Lonsdale, American scientist, entrepreneur and politician (b. 1932)
- 2015 – Nathaniel Marston, American actor (b. 1975)
- 2015 – Phil Taylor, English musician (Motörhead) (b. 1954)
- 2016 – Robert Vaughn, American actor (b. 1932)
- 2016 – Aki Schmidt, German footballer (b. 1935)
- 2016 – Ilse Aichinger, Austrian writer (b. 1921)
- 2017 – Kirti Nidhi Bista, Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1927)
- 2017 – Valery Rozov, Russian BASE jumper (b. 1964)
- 2017 – Ian Wachtmeister, Swedish business executive and politician (b. 1932)
- 2017 – Henry Emeleus, British geologist (b. 1930)
- 2018 – D. J. Finney, British statistician (b. 1917)
- 2018 – Olga Harmony, Mexican playwright (b. 1928)
- 2018 – Wayne Maunder, Canadian–American actor (b. 1937)
- 2018 – Douglas Rain, Canadian actor (b. 1928)
- 2018 – Frankie Schneider, American NASCAR driver (b. 1926)
- 2019 – Zeke Bratkowski, American football player (b. 1931)
- 2019 – Frank Dobson, British politician (b. 1940)
- 2019 – Winston Lackin, Surinamese politician (b. 1954)
- 2019 – James Le Mesurier, British army officer and aid worker (b. 1971)
- 2019 – Ralph T. O'Neal, Premier of the British Virgin Islands (b. 1933)
- 2019 – Mümtaz Soysal, Turkish politician and lawyer (b. 1929)
- 2019 – Edward Zacca, Acting Governor–General of Jamaica (b. 1931)
Observances
change- Christian feast day of Martin of Tours (St. Martin)
- Remembrance Day (some English–speaking countries)
- Veterans Day (United States)
- Armistice Day (France, Belgium)
- Independence Day (Poland, Angola)
- Lacplesis Day (Latvia)
- Republic Day (Maldives)
- Singles Day (China)
- Women's Day (Belgium)