1891
year
1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1891st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 891st year of the 2nd millennium, the 91st year of the 19th century, and the 2nd year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1891, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
| Decades: | 1860s 1870s 1880s – 1890s – 1900s 1910s 1920s |
| Years: | 1888 1889 1890 – 1891 – 1892 1893 1894 |
| Gregorian calendar | 1891 MDCCCXCI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2644 |
| Armenian calendar | 1340 ԹՎ ՌՅԽ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6641 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 47–48 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1812–1813 |
| Bengali calendar | 1298 |
| Berber calendar | 2841 |
| British Regnal year | 54 Vict. 1 – 55 Vict. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2435 |
| Burmese calendar | 1253 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7399–7400 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚寅年 (Metal Tiger) 4587 or 4527 — to — 辛卯年 (Metal Rabbit) 4588 or 4528 |
| Coptic calendar | 1607–1608 |
| Discordian calendar | 3057 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1883–1884 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5651–5652 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1947–1948 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1812–1813 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4991–4992 |
| Holocene calendar | 11891 |
| Igbo calendar | 891–892 |
| Iranian calendar | 1269–1270 |
| Islamic calendar | 1308–1309 |
| Japanese calendar | Meiji 24 (明治２４年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1820–1821 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4224 |
| Minguo calendar | 21 before ROC 民前21年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 423 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2433–2434 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金虎年 (male Iron-Tiger) 2017 or 1636 or 864 — to — 阴金兔年 (female Iron-Rabbit) 2018 or 1637 or 865 |
Births
changeJanuary – June
change- January 1 – Charles Bickford, American actor (d. 1967)
- January 7 – Zora Neale Hurston, Harlem Renaissance writer (d. 1960)
- January 8 – Walther Bothe, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1957)
- January 22 – Antonio Gramsci, Italian Communist writer and politician (d. 1937)
- January 27 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Russian writer (d. 1967)
- February 9 – Ronald Colman, English actor (d. 1958)
- February 11 – J.W. Hearne, English cricketer (d. 1965)
- February 21 – Sean Heuston, Irish rebel (d. 1916)
- February 27 – David Sarnoff, Russian-born American broadcasting pioneer (d. 1971)
- March 10 – Sam Jaffe, American actor (d. 1984)
- March 19 – Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1974)
- March 29 – Yvan Goll, French lyricist and dramatist (d. 1950)
- April 2 – Max Ernst, German painter (d. 1976)
- April 7 – Ole Kirk Christiansen, founder of the Lego group (d. 1958)
- April 13 – Nella Larsen, American novelist (d. 1964)
- April 15 – Wallace Reid, American actor (d. 1923)
- April 17 – George Adamski, Polish-born alleged UFO traveler (d. 1965)
- April 23 – Sergei Prokofiev, Soviet composer (d. 1953)
- May 7 – Harry McShane, Scottish socialist (d. 1988)
- May 15
- Mikhail Bulgakov, Russian writer (d. 1940)
- Fritz Feigl, Austrian-born chemist (d. 1971)
- May 16 – Richard Tauber, Austrian tenor (d. 1948)
- May 18 – Rudolf Carnap, German philosopher (d. 1970)
- May 19 – Oswald Boelcke, German World War I pilot (d. 1916)
- May 22 – Eddie Edwards, American jazz trombonist (d. 1963)
- May 23 – Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- May 24 – William F. Albright, American archeologist and Biblical scholar (d. 1971)
- June 9 – Cole Porter, American composer and songwriter (d. 1964)
- June 20 – John A. Costello, second President of Ireland (d. 1976)
- June 21 – Hermann Scherchen, German conductor (d. 1966)
- June 28 – Carl Panzram, serial killer (d. 1930)
- June 30 – Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (d. 1953)
July - December
change- July 5 – John Howard Northrop, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
- August 2 – Viktor Maksimovich Zhirmunsky, Russian literary historian, linguist (d. 1971)
- August 21 – Emiliano Mercado del Toro, Puerto Rican, longest-lived war veteran ever and last verified person born in 1891 (d. 2007)
- September 3 – Bessie Delany, African American physician and writer (d. 1995)
- September 12 – Pedro Albizu Campos, advocate of Puerto Rican independence (d. 1965)
- September 14 – William F. Friedman, American cryptographer (d. 1969)
- September 16
- Karl Dönitz, President of Germany (d. 1980)
- Stephanie von Hohenlohe, Austrian-born German World War II spy (d. 1972)
- Julie Winnefred Bertrand, Canadian supercentenarian (d. 2007)
- September 26 – Charles Munch, French conductor and violinist (d. 1968)
- September 28 – Myrtle Gonzalez, American movie and stage actress (d. 1918)
- October 12 – Fumimaro Konoe, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1945)
- October 20 – James Chadwick, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- October 24 – Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, dictator of the Dominican Republic (d. 1961)
- November 14 – Frederick Banting, Canadian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941)
- November 15
- Vincent Astor, American philanthropist (d. 1959)
- Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (d. 1944)
- November 28 – Gregorio Perfecto, Filipino jurist & politician (d. 1949)
- December 9 – Maksim Bahdanovič, Belarusian poet (d. 1917)
- December 10 – Nelly Sachs, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
- December 26 – Henry Miller, American writer (d. 1980)
Deaths
changeJanuary – June
change- January 5 – Emma Abbott, American opera singer (b. 1849)
- January 16 – Léo Delibes, French composer (b. 1836)
- January 21 – Calixa Lavallée, Canadian composer (b. 1842)
- February 14 – William Tecumseh Sherman, American Civil War General (b. 1820)
- Théodore de Banville, French writer (b. 1823)
- Sir Joseph Bazalgette, English civil engineer (b. 1819)
- March 29 – Georges Seurat, French painter (b. 1859)
- April 2 – Ahmed Vefik Pasha, Turkish statesman (b. 1823)
- April 7 – P. T. Barnum, American showman (b. 1810)
- April 24 – Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Prussian field marshal (b. 1800)
- April 25 – Nathaniel Woodard, educationalist (b. 1811)
- May 8 – Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Russian-born writer and theosophist (b. 1831)
- June 6 – John A. MacDonald, first Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1815)
July – December
change- July 4 – Hannibal Hamlin, Vice President of the United States (b. 1809)
- August 12 – James Russell Lowell, American poet and essayist (b. 1819)
- August 14 – Sarah Childress Polk, First Lady of the United States (b. 1803)
- August 29 – Pierre Lallement, French inventor of the bicycle (b. 1843?)
- September 7 – Lorenzo Sawyer, 9th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California (b. 1820)
- September 11 – Antero de Quental, Portuguese poet (b. 1842)
- September 15 – Ivan Goncharov, Russian writer (b. 1812)
- September 28 – Herman Melville, American novelist (b. 1819)
- October 6
- Charles I of Württemberg (b. 1823)
- Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish nationalist leader (b. 1846)
- October 15 – Gilbert Arthur a Beckett, English writer (b. 1837)
- October 23 – Ambrosius of Optina, Russian Orthodox saint (b. 1812)
- November 6 – J. Gregory Smith, Vermont governor (b. 1818)
- November 10 – Arthur Rimbaud, French poet (b. 1854)
- December 5 – Pedro II, Brazilian deposed emperor (b. 1826)