October 9
day of the year
October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 83 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events change
Up to 1800 change
- 768 - Carloman and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of the Franks.
- 1000 – Leif Ericson discovers Vinland, becoming the first known European to set foot in North America.
- 1238 – James I of Aragon conquers Valencia and founded the Kingdom of Valencia.
- 1264 - The Kingdom of Castile conquers the city of Jerez, under Islamic control since 711.
- 1446 – The Hangul alphabet is published in Korea.
- 1514 – Marriage of Louis XII of France and Mary Tudor
- 1582 – Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1604 - Supernova 1604 is observed; It is the last supernova to-date to be observed in the Milky Way.
- 1635 – Founder of Rhode Island Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident after he spoke out against punishments for religious offenses and giving away Native American land.
- 1701 – The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.
- 1708 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.
- 1740 - Dutch colonists and others begin massacring Chinese people at Batavia (now Jakarta), eventually killing 10,000 people and leading to war.
- 1760 - Seven Years' War: Russian forces occupy Berlin.
- 1767 - Surveying of the Mason–Dixon line between Pennsylvania and Maryland is completed, unofficially marking the boundary between Northern and Southern US States.
- 1771 – The Dutch merchant ship Vrouw Maria sinks near the coast of Finland.
- 1776 – Father Francisco Palou founds Mission San Francisco de Asis in what is now San Francisco, California.
- 1788 – The first bridge in Australia is built over the Tank Stream in Sydney.
- 1799 - Sinking of the ship HMS Lutine, killing 240 people.
1801 – 1900 change
- 1803 - Flooding on the Portuguese island of Madeira kills 600 people.
- 1804 – Hobart, Tasmania is founded.
- 1806 - Prussia declares war on France.
- 1812 – War of 1812: In a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships; the HMS Detroit and the HMS Caledonia.
- 1820 – Guayaquil declares independence from Spain.
- 1824 - Costa Rica gets rid of slavery.
- 1829 - A climbing expedition led by Friedrich Parrot reaches the summit of Mount Ararat, the highest mountain in Turkey.
- 1831 – Capo d'Istria is assassinated.
- 1834 - Opening of the Dublin to Kingstown railway, the first public railway in Ireland.
- 1854 - Start of the Siege of Sevastopol in the Crimean War.
- 1861 - American Civil War: Battle of Santa Rita Island.
- 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Tom's Brook – Union cavalrymen in the Shenandoah Valley defeat Confederate forces at Tom's Brook, Virginia.
- 1871 – The Great Chicago Fire is brought under control.
- 1874 – General Postal Union was created as a result of the Treaty of Berne.
- 1888 – The Washington Monument officially opens to the general public.
- 1900 - The Cook Islands become a territory of the United Kingdom.
1901 – 1950 change
- 1911 - An accidental bomb explosion in Hankou, Wuhan, China, leads to the ultimate fall of the Qing Dynasty.
- 1913 - Steamship SS Volturna catches fire in the Mid-Atlantic Ocean, killing 136 people. Over 300 lives are saved.
- 1914 – World War I: Siege of Antwerp – Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
- 1919 – Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds "win" the World Series.
- 1934 - In Marseille, King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and then-foreign minister of France Louis Barthou are assassinated.
- 1936 – Generators at Boulder Dam (later renamed to Hoover Dam) begin to transmit electricity from the Colorado River 266 miles to Los Angeles, California.
- 1940 – World War II: Battle of Britain – During a nighttime air raid by the German Luftwaffe, St. Paul's Cathedral is pierced by a bomb.
- 1941 - A coup in Panama declares Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia to be the country's President.
- 1942 – Statute of Westminster Adoption Act formalizes Australian autonomy.
- 1944 – World War II: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin begin a nine-day conference in Moscow to discuss the future of Europe.
1951 – 2000 change
- 1957 – Neil H. McElroy was sworn in as the 6th Secretary of Defense of United States.
- 1959 - The Conservatives under Harold Macmillan win the United Kingdom general election.
- 1962 – Uganda becomes a republic.
- 1963 – In northeast Italy, over 2,000 people are killed when a large landslide behind the Vajont Dam causes a giant wave of water to overtop it.
- 1967 – A day after being caught, Che Guevara is executed for attempting to incite a revolution in Bolivia.
- 1969 – In Chicago, Illinois, the United States National Guard is called in for crowd control as demonstrations continue in connection to the trial of the "Chicago Eight" (trial started on September 24).
- 1969 – Students from the University of the Philippines formed the first Upsilonian Congress and established the Upsiloan Alpha Beta Grand Fraternity in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
- 1970 – The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia.
- 1980 - Pope John Paul II shakes hands with Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama in a private audience in Vatican City.
- 1981 - End of capital punishment in France.
- 1983 - Attempted killing of President of South Korea Chun Doo-hwan. He survives, though 17 people are killed.
- 1986 – United States District Court Judge Harry E. Claiborne becomes the fifth federal official to be removed from office through impeachment.
- 1989 – An official news agency in the Soviet Union reports the landing of a UFO in Voronezh.
- 1989 – In Leipzig, East Germany, 70,000 protesters demand the legalization of opposition groups and democratic reforms.
- 1991 – Ecuador becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1992 – A 13 kilogram (est.) meteorite lands in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York, destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu.
- 1995 – An Amtrak Sunset Limited train is derailed by saboteurs near Palo Verde, Arizona.
From 2001 change
- 2002 – After losing a massive amount of ground during the summer of 2002, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at 7,286.27, its lowest level in five years. The NASDAQ also hit a six-year low of 1,114.11.
- 2004 - The new Scottish Parliament building in Edinburgh is officially opened.
- 2004 – Jo Brauner resigns as the anchor of German Tagesschau news show after 30 years.
- 2004 – Democratic elections held for the first time in Afghanistan.
- 2004 – The tri-annual federal election is held in Australia and Liberal Party of Australia leader, John Howard, wins a fourth term as Prime Minister in a landslide victory over opponent, Mark Latham of the Australian Labor Party.
- 2005 – China's State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping officially announced the new accurate height of Mount Everest is 8848.43 m.
- 2005 - 16- and 17-year-olds are allowed to vote in the state election in Burgenland, Austria.
- 2006 – North Korea carries out its first-reported bomb test.
- 2007 - Yoko Ono opens the John Lennon Imagine Peace tower on the island of Videy near Reykjavik, Iceland.
- 2009 – First Lunar impact of the Centaur & LCROSS spacecrafts, as part of NASA's Precursor Robotic Programme.
- 2009 – Barack Obama wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 2011 - Sebastian Vettel wins his second Formula One World title, as the youngest driver to win two Formula One World Championships in-a-row.
- 2012 - Members of the Pakistan Taliban attempt to kill education activist Malala Yousafzai, by shooting her in the head. She survives the attack after receiving medical treatment.
- 2014 - UKIP wins its first parliamentary seat in a UK by-election in Clacton-on-Sea in Essex, through defected Conservative MP Douglas Carswell.
- 2017 - Iceland becomes the least-populated country to qualify for a FIFA World Cup, defeating Kosovo 2-0 in Reykjavik.
Births change
Up to 1900 change
- 1201 – Robert de Sorbonne, French theologian (d. 1274)
- 1261 – King Denis of Portugal (d. 1325)
- 1328 – King Peter I of Cyprus (d. 1369)
- 1581 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Meziriac, French mathematician, poet and scholar (d. 1638)
- 1585 – Heinrich Schütz, German composer (d. 1672)
- 1586 – Archduke Leopold of Austria (d. 1632)
- 1704 – Johann Andreas Segner, German physician, physicist and mathematician (d. 1777)
- 1757 – King Charles X of France (d. 1836)
- 1782 – Lewis Cass, American politician (d. 1866)
- 1788 – Jozsef Kossics, Slovenian writer (d. 1867)
- 1796 – Joseph Bonomi the Younger, English Egyptologist (d. 1878)
- 1833 – Eugen Langen, German entrepreneur, engineer and inventor (d. 1895)
- 1835 – Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)
- 1840 – Simeon Solomon, British artist (d. 1905)
- 1846 – Julius Maggi, Swiss businessman (Maggi condiment) (d. 1912)
- 1848 – Caroline Alice Elgar, English author (d. 1920)
- 1852 – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist (d. 1919)
- 1854 – Myron T. Herrick, Governor of Ohio (d. 1929)
- 1858 – Mihaijlo Idvorski Pupin, Serbian-American physicist (d. 1935)
- 1859 – Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (d. 1935)
- 1863 – Alexander Siloti, Ukrainian pianist, composer and conductor (d. 1945)
- 1873 – Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist and astronomer (d. 1946)
- 1874 – Nicholas Roerich, Russian polymath (d. 1947)
- 1879 – Max von Laue, German physicist (d. 1960)
- 1880 – Charlie Faust, American baseball player (d. 1915)
- 1881 – Victor Klemperer, German writer (d. 1960)
- 1886 – Rube Marquard, American baseball player and manager (d. 1980)
- 1888 – Nikolai Bukharin, Russian politician (d. 1938)
- 1888 – Irving Cummings, American actor and director (d. 1959)
- 1892 – Ivo Andric, Yugoslavian writer (d. 1975)
- 1892 – Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet (d. 1941)
- 1893 – Mario de Andrade, Brazilian writer (d. 1945)
- 1897 – M. V. Bhaktavatsalam, Indian politician (d. 1987)
- 1900 – Alastair Sim, Scottish actor (d. 1976)
- 1900 – Joseph Friedman, American inventor (d. 1982)
1901 – 1950 change
- 1903 – Walter O'Malley, American sports executive (d. 1979)
- 1906 – Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician (d. 2001)
- 1906 – Sayyid Qutb, Egyptian journalist and Islamist thinker (d. 1966)
- 1907 – Jacques Tati, French director and producer (d. 1982)
- 1907 – Quintin Hogg, Baron Halisham of St Marylebone, English politician (d. 2001)
- 1908 – Werner Haeften, German officer and Resistance activist (d. 1944)
- 1909 – Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)
- 1909 – V. Nalliah, Sri Lankan Tamil politician
- 1911 – Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006)
- 1915 – Clifford M. Hardin, American politician (d. 2010)
- 1918 – E. Howard Hunt, American spy (d. 2007)
- 1918 – Lila Kedrova, Russian actress (d. 2000)
- 1920 – Jason Wingreen, American actor (d. 2015)
- 1920 – Yusef Lateef, American musician and composer (d. 2013)
- 1921 – Tadeusz Rozewicz, Polish poet and playwright (d. 2014)
- 1922 – Fyvush Finkel, American actor (d. 2016)
- 1923 – Donald Sinden, English actor (d. 2014)
- 1925 – Robert Docking, American politician, 38th Governor of Kansas (d. 1983)
- 1926 – Danièle Delorme, French actress and producer (d. 2015)
- 1928 – Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (d. 2016)
- 1929 – William M. Gray, American scientist (d. 2016)
- 1931 – Antony Booth, British actor (d. 2017)
- 1933 – Peter Mansfield, British physicist (d. 2017)
- 1934 – Abdullah Ibrahim, South African pianist and composer
- 1935 – Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
- 1936 – Edmond Keosayan, Armenian-Soviet musician and movie director (d. 1994)
- 1936 – Brian Blessed, British actor
- 1938 – Heinz Fischer, Austrian politician, former President of Austria
- 1939 – Nicholas Grimshaw, English architect
- 1940 – John Lennon, English musician and songwriter (The Beatles) (d. December 8, 1980)
- 1940 – Gordon J. Humphrey, American politician
- 1941 – Chucho Valdés, Cuban pianist and composer
- 1941 – Giancarlo Bercellino, Italian footballer
- 1942 – Shukri Ghanem, Prime Minister of Libya (d. 2012)
- 1943 – Renato Cappellini, Italian footballer
- 1944 – John Entwistle, British musician (d. 2002)
- 1944 – Nona Hendryx, American singer-songwriter, producer and actress
- 1944 – Francis Girod, French movie director (d. 2006)
- 1946 – Fernando Brant, Brazilian poet and journalist (d. 2015)
- 1947 – France Gall, French singer (d. 2018)
- 1947 – Joe Wark, Scottish footballer (d. 2015)
- 1947 – Bob Moose, American baseball player (d. 1976)
- 1948 – Paul LePage, American politician, Governor of Maine
- 1948 – Jackson Browne, American musician
- 1949 – Bob Leinbach, American singer-songwriter and musician (Orleans)
- 1949 – Rod Temperton, English songwriter and producer (d. 2016)
- 1950 – Reichi Nakaido, Japanese rock music guitarist
- 1950 – Jody Williams, American teacher and aid worker, Nobel Peace Prize winner
1951 – 1975 change
- 1952 – Sharon Osbourne, wife of Ozzy Osbourne
- 1952 – Dennis Stratton, English guitarist (Iron Maiden)
- 1953 – Tony Shalhoub, American actor
- 1954 – Scott Bakula, American actor
- 1954 – James Fearnley, British musician (The Pogues)
- 1955 – Steve Ovett, British athlete
- 1958 – Alan Nunnelee, American politician (d. 2015)
- 1959 – Boris Nemtsov, Russian politician (d. 2015)
- 1960 – Kenny Garrett, American jazz saxophonist
- 1961 – Ellen Wheeler, American actress, director and producer
- 1962 – Hugh Robertson, English politician
- 1962 – Onokuni Yasushi, Japanese sumo wrestler
- 1962 – Jorge Burruchaga, Argentine footballer
- 1964 – Guillermo del Toro, Mexican movie director
- 1964 – John Ralston, Canadian actor
- 1966 – David Cameron, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- 1967 – Eddie Guerrero, American professional wrestler (d. 2005)
- 1967 – Artur Davis, American politician
- 1968 – Troy Davis, American high-profile death row inmate (d. 2011)
- 1969 – PJ Harvey, English musician
- 1969 – Steve McQueen, English artist and director (12 Years a Slave)
- 1970 – Steve Jablonsky, American movie and television composer
- 1970 – Annika Sörenstam, Swedish golfer
- 1970 – Kenny Anderson, American baseball player
- 1971 – Jason Jones, American director, producer and actor
- 1973 – Erin Daniels, American actress
- 1973 – Fabio Lione, Italian singer-songwriter and keyboardist
- 1973 – Carlos Pavon, Honduran footballer
- 1974 – Shmuel Herzfeld, American rabbi and activist
- 1975 – Sean Lennon, American musician, son of John Lennon and Yoko Ono
- 1975 – Mark Viduka, Australian footballer
From 1976 change
- 1976 – Nick Swardson, American actor and comedian
- 1978 – Nicky Byrne, Irish singer (Westlife)
- 1979 – Gonzalo Sorondo, Uruguayan footballer
- 1979 – Brandon Routh, American actor
- 1979 – Chris O'Dowd, Irish actor
- 1979 – DJ Rashad, American DJ and musician (d. 2014)
- 1979 – Alex Greenwald, American musician, actor and record producer
- 1980 – Henrik Zetterberg, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1981 – Darius Miles, American basketball player
- 1982 – Antonio Mendonca, Angolan footballer
- 1982 – Shi Jun, Chinese footballer
- 1983 – Stephen Gionta, American ice hockey player
- 1983 – Andreas Zuber, Austrian racing driver
- 1983 – Spencer Grammer, American actress
- 1983 – Jang Mi-Ran, South Korean weightlifter
- 1983 – Zeng Jinyan, Chinese blogger and human rights activist
- 1984 – Djamel Mesbah, French-Algerian footballer
- 1986 – Laure Manaudou, French swimmer
- 1987 – Samantha Murray, English tennis player
- 1990 – Marcus Willis, English tennis player
- 1992 – Tyler James Williams, American actor and singer
- 1993 – Lauren Davis, American tennis player
- 1993 – Scotty McCreery, American singer
- 1994 – Jodelle Ferland, Canadian actress
- 1996 – Bella Hadid, American model
- 2008 – Bo, dog of Barack Obama
Deaths change
Up to 1900 change
- 1047 – Pope Clement II (b. 1005)
- 1253 – Robert Grosseteste, English statesman and bishop
- 1273 - Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany
- 1390 - King John I of Castile (b. 1358)
- 1555 – Justus Jonas, German Protestant reformer (b. 1493)
- 1562 – Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist (b. 1523)
- 1569 – Vladimir of Staritsa, Russian prince (b. 1533)
- 1581 - Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary and saint (b. 1526)
- 1597 – Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1537)
- 1691 – William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638)
- 1709 – Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)
- 1729 – Richard Blackmore, English physician and writer (b. 1654)
- 1793 – Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French missionary (b. 1718)
- 1806 – Benjamin Banneker, American astronomer (b. 1731)
- 1808 - John Claiborne, American politician (b. 1777)
- 1831 – John Capodistria, Governor of Greece (b. 1776)
- 1841 - Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Prussian architect and painter (b. 1781)
- 1857 - Josef Ressel, Austrian inventor (b. 1793)
- 1873 - George Ormerod, English historian and antiquarian (b. 1785)
- 1897 - Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1818)
- 1900 - Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Austrian composer and conductor (b. 1843)
1901 – 2000 change
- 1924 – Valery Bryusov, Russian writer and critic (b. 1873)
- 1934 – King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (assassinated) (b. 1888)
- 1934 – Louis Barthou, Prime Minister of France (assassinated) (b. 1862)
- 1937 - Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse (b. 1868)
- 1941 – Helen Morgan, American singer and actress (b. 1900)
- 1943 – Pieter Zeeman, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
- 1950 - George Hainsworth, NHL goaltender (b. 1895)
- 1953 - Jimmy Finlayson, Scottish-American actor (b. 1887)
- 1955 – Theodor Cardinal Innitzer, Archbishop of Vienna (b. 1875)
- 1956 – Marie Doro, American actress (b. 1882)
- 1958 – Pope Pius XII (b. 1876)
- 1961 – Werner Jaeger, German mathematician (b. 1888)
- 1962 – Milan Vidmar, Slovenian electrical engineer and chess player (b. 1885)
- 1967 – Che Guevara, Argentine revolutionary and guerilla leader (executed) (b. 1928)
- 1967 - Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist (b. 1897)
- 1967 - Andre Maurois, French writer (b. 1885)
- 1972 – Miriam Hopkins, American actress (b. 1902)
- 1974 – Oskar Schindler, German businessman (b. 1908)
- 1976 - Walter Warlimont, German general (b. 1894)
- 1976 - Bob Moose, American baseball player (b. 1947)
- 1978 – Jacques Brel, Belgian musician (b. 1929)
- 1985 - Emilio Garrastazu Medici, President of Brazil (b. 1905)
- 1987 – Clare Boothe Luce, American diplomat (b. 1903)
- 1987 – Guru Gopinath, Indian classical dancer (b. 1908)
- 1987 – William P. Murphy, American doctor, won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1892)
- 1988 - Felix Wankel, German engineer (b. 1902)
- 1989 – Penny Lernoux, American journalist and writer (b. 1940)
- 1991 - Dagmar Lange (Maria Lang), Swedish writer (b. 1914)
- 1995 – Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1903)
- 1995 - Kukrit Pramoj, Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1911)
- 1996 – Walter Kerr, American theater critic (b. 1913)
- 2000 – David Dukes, American actor (b. 1945)
From 2001 change
- 2001 – Dagmar, American television personality (b. 1921)
- 2002 – Aileen Wuornos, American serial killer (b. 1956)
- 2005 - Louis Nye, American actor (b. 1913)
- 2006 – Paul Hunter, British snooker player (b. 1978)
- 2008 - Gidget Gein, American musician (b. 1969)
- 2009 – Horst Szymaniak, German footballer (b. 1934)
- 2010 – Maurice Allais, French economist (b. 1911)
- 2012 - Paddy Roy Bates, British founder of the Sealand micronation (b. 1921)
- 2013 - Chopper Read, Australian crime figure and author (b. 1954)
- 2013 - Wilfried Martens, former Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1936)
- 2014 - Peter A. Peyser, American politician (b. 1921)
- 2014 - Jan Hooks, American actress and comedienne (b. 1957)
- 2015 - Ravindra Jain, Indian composer (b. 1944)
- 2015 - Tony Rafty, Australian caricaturist (b. 1915)
- 2015 - Du Runsheng, Chinese politician (b. 1913)
- 2015 - Jerry Parr, American secret service agent (b. 1930)
- 2015 - Geoffrey Howe, British politician (b. 1926)
- 2016 - Andrzej Wajda, Polish movie director (b. 1926)
- 2017 - Manuel Busto, French cyclist (b. 1932)
- 2017 - Allan Chumak, Russian faith healer (b. 1935)
- 2017 - Rafe Mair, Canadian lawyer, political commentator, journalist and politician (b. 1931)
- 2017 - Jean Rochefort, French actor (b. 1930)
- 2017 - Fernando de Szyszlo, Peruvian painter, printmaker and sculptor (b. 1925)
- 2017 - Michel Diefenbacher, French politician (b. 1947)
- 2017 - Hessie, Cuban textile artist (b. 1936)
- 2018 - Warner Saunders, American news anchor (b. 1935)
- 2018 - Thomas A. Steitz, American Nobel Prize-winning biochemist (b. 1940)
- 2018 - Carolyn Warner, American politician (b. 1930)
Observances change
- Independence Day (Uganda)
- Leif Erikson Day
- Hangul Day (South Korea)