October 9
day of the year
October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 83 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
changeUp to 1800
change- 768 - Carloman and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of the Franks.
- 1000 – Leif Ericson discovers Vinland, becoming the first known European to set foot in North America.
- 1238 – James I of Aragon conquers Valencia and founded the Kingdom of Valencia.
- 1264 - The Kingdom of Castile conquers the city of Jerez, under Islamic control since 711.
- 1446 – The Hangul alphabet is published in Korea.
- 1514 – Marriage of Louis XII of France and Mary Tudor
- 1582 – Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1604 - Supernova 1604 is observed; It is the last supernova to-date to be observed in the Milky Way.
- 1635 – Founder of Rhode Island Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident after he spoke out against punishments for religious offenses and giving away Native American land.
- 1701 – The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.
- 1708 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.
- 1740 - Dutch colonists and others begin massacring Chinese people at Batavia (now Jakarta), eventually killing 10,000 people and leading to war.
- 1760 - Seven Years' War: Russian forces occupy Berlin.
- 1767 - Surveying of the Mason–Dixon line between Pennsylvania and Maryland is completed, unofficially marking the boundary between Northern and Southern US States.
- 1771 – The Dutch merchant ship Vrouw Maria sinks near the coast of Finland.
- 1776 – Father Francisco Palou founds Mission San Francisco de Asis in what is now San Francisco, California.
- 1788 – The first bridge in Australia is built over the Tank Stream in Sydney.
- 1799 - Sinking of the ship HMS Lutine, killing 240 people.
1801 – 1900
change- 1803 - Flooding on the Portuguese island of Madeira kills 600 people.
- 1804 – Hobart, Tasmania is founded.
- 1806 - Prussia declares war on France.
- 1812 – War of 1812: In a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships; the HMS Detroit and the HMS Caledonia.
- 1820 – Guayaquil declares independence from Spain.
- 1824 - Costa Rica gets rid of slavery.
- 1829 - A climbing expedition led by Friedrich Parrot reaches the summit of Mount Ararat, the highest mountain in Turkey.
- 1831 – Capo d'Istria is assassinated.
- 1834 - Opening of the Dublin to Kingstown railway, the first public railway in Ireland.
- 1854 - Start of the Siege of Sevastopol in the Crimean War.
- 1861 - American Civil War: Battle of Santa Rita Island.
- 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Tom's Brook – Union cavalrymen in the Shenandoah Valley defeat Confederate forces at Tom's Brook, Virginia.
- 1871 – The Great Chicago Fire is brought under control.
- 1874 – General Postal Union was created as a result of the Treaty of Berne.
- 1888 – The Washington Monument officially opens to the general public.
- 1900 - The Cook Islands become a territory of the United Kingdom.
1901 – 1950
change- 1911 - An accidental bomb explosion in Hankou, Wuhan, China, leads to the ultimate fall of the Qing Dynasty.
- 1913 - Steamship SS Volturna catches fire in the Mid-Atlantic Ocean, killing 136 people. Over 300 lives are saved.
- 1914 – World War I: Siege of Antwerp – Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
- 1919 – Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds "win" the World Series.
- 1934 - In Marseille, King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and then-foreign minister of France Louis Barthou are assassinated.
- 1936 – Generators at Boulder Dam (later renamed to Hoover Dam) begin to transmit electricity from the Colorado River 266 miles to Los Angeles, California.
- 1940 – World War II: Battle of Britain – During a nighttime air raid by the German Luftwaffe, St. Paul's Cathedral is pierced by a bomb.
- 1941 - A coup in Panama declares Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia to be the country's President.
- 1942 – Statute of Westminster Adoption Act formalizes Australian autonomy.
- 1944 – World War II: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin begin a nine-day conference in Moscow to discuss the future of Europe.
1951 – 2000
change- 1957 – Neil H. McElroy was sworn in as the 6th Secretary of Defense of United States.
- 1959 - The Conservatives under Harold Macmillan win the United Kingdom general election.
- 1962 – Uganda becomes a republic.
- 1963 – In northeast Italy, over 2,000 people are killed when a large landslide behind the Vajont Dam causes a giant wave of water to overtop it.
- 1967 – A day after being caught, Che Guevara is executed for attempting to incite a revolution in Bolivia.
- 1969 – In Chicago, Illinois, the United States National Guard is called in for crowd control as demonstrations continue in connection to the trial of the "Chicago Eight" (trial started on September 24).
- 1969 – Students from the University of the Philippines formed the first Upsilonian Congress and established the Upsiloan Alpha Beta Grand Fraternity in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
- 1970 – The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia.
- 1980 - Pope John Paul II shakes hands with Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama in a private audience in Vatican City.
- 1981 - End of capital punishment in France.
- 1983 - Attempted killing of President of South Korea Chun Doo-hwan. He survives, though 17 people are killed.
- 1986 – United States District Court Judge Harry E. Claiborne becomes the fifth federal official to be removed from office through impeachment.
- 1989 – An official news agency in the Soviet Union reports the landing of a UFO in Voronezh.
- 1989 – In Leipzig, East Germany, 70,000 protesters demand the legalization of opposition groups and democratic reforms.
- 1991 – Ecuador becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1992 – A 13 kilogram (est.) meteorite lands in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York, destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu.
- 1995 – An Amtrak Sunset Limited train is derailed by saboteurs near Palo Verde, Arizona.
From 2001
change- 2002 – After losing a massive amount of ground during the summer of 2002, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at 7,286.27, its lowest level in five years. The NASDAQ also hit a six-year low of 1,114.11.
- 2004 - The new Scottish Parliament building in Edinburgh is officially opened.
- 2004 – Jo Brauner resigns as the anchor of German Tagesschau news show after 30 years.
- 2004 – Democratic elections held for the first time in Afghanistan.
- 2004 – The tri-annual federal election is held in Australia and Liberal Party of Australia leader, John Howard, wins a fourth term as Prime Minister in a landslide victory over opponent, Mark Latham of the Australian Labor Party.
- 2005 – China's State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping officially announced the new accurate height of Mount Everest is 8848.43 m.
- 2005 - 16- and 17-year-olds are allowed to vote in the state election in Burgenland, Austria.
- 2006 – North Korea carries out its first-reported bomb test.
- 2007 - Yoko Ono opens the John Lennon Imagine Peace tower on the island of Videy near Reykjavik, Iceland.
- 2009 – First Lunar impact of the Centaur & LCROSS spacecrafts, as part of NASA's Precursor Robotic Programme.
- 2009 – Barack Obama wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 2011 - Sebastian Vettel wins his second Formula One World title, as the youngest driver to win two Formula One World Championships in-a-row.
- 2012 - Members of the Pakistan Taliban attempt to kill education activist Malala Yousafzai, by shooting her in the head. She survives the attack after receiving medical treatment.
- 2014 - UKIP wins its first parliamentary seat in a UK by-election in Clacton-on-Sea in Essex, through defected Conservative MP Douglas Carswell.
- 2017 - Iceland becomes the least-populated country to qualify for a FIFA World Cup, defeating Kosovo 2-0 in Reykjavik.
Births
changeUp to 1900
change- 1201 – Robert de Sorbonne, French theologian (d. 1274)
- 1261 – King Denis of Portugal (d. 1325)
- 1328 – King Peter I of Cyprus (d. 1369)
- 1581 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Meziriac, French mathematician, poet and scholar (d. 1638)
- 1585 – Heinrich Schütz, German composer (d. 1672)
- 1586 – Archduke Leopold of Austria (d. 1632)
- 1704 – Johann Andreas Segner, German physician, physicist and mathematician (d. 1777)
- 1757 – King Charles X of France (d. 1836)
- 1782 – Lewis Cass, American politician (d. 1866)
- 1788 – Jozsef Kossics, Slovenian writer (d. 1867)
- 1796 – Joseph Bonomi the Younger, English Egyptologist (d. 1878)
- 1833 – Eugen Langen, German entrepreneur, engineer and inventor (d. 1895)
- 1835 – Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)
- 1840 – Simeon Solomon, British artist (d. 1905)
- 1846 – Julius Maggi, Swiss businessman (Maggi condiment) (d. 1912)
- 1848 – Caroline Alice Elgar, English author (d. 1920)
- 1852 – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist (d. 1919)
- 1854 – Myron T. Herrick, Governor of Ohio (d. 1929)
- 1858 – Mihaijlo Idvorski Pupin, Serbian-American physicist (d. 1935)
- 1859 – Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (d. 1935)
- 1863 – Alexander Siloti, Ukrainian pianist, composer and conductor (d. 1945)
- 1873 – Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist and astronomer (d. 1946)
- 1874 – Nicholas Roerich, Russian polymath (d. 1947)
- 1879 – Max von Laue, German physicist (d. 1960)
- 1880 – Charlie Faust, American baseball player (d. 1915)
- 1881 – Victor Klemperer, German writer (d. 1960)
- 1886 – Rube Marquard, American baseball player and manager (d. 1980)
- 1888 – Nikolai Bukharin, Russian politician (d. 1938)
- 1888 – Irving Cummings, American actor and director (d. 1959)
- 1892 – Ivo Andric, Yugoslavian writer (d. 1975)
- 1892 – Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet (d. 1941)
- 1893 – Mario de Andrade, Brazilian writer (d. 1945)
- 1897 – M. V. Bhaktavatsalam, Indian politician (d. 1987)
- 1900 – Alastair Sim, Scottish actor (d. 1976)
- 1900 – Joseph Friedman, American inventor (d. 1982)
1901 – 1950
change- 1903 – Walter O'Malley, American sports executive (d. 1979)
- 1906 – Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician (d. 2001)
- 1906 – Sayyid Qutb, Egyptian journalist and Islamist thinker (d. 1966)
- 1907 – Jacques Tati, French director and producer (d. 1982)
- 1907 – Quintin Hogg, Baron Halisham of St Marylebone, English politician (d. 2001)
- 1908 – Werner Haeften, German officer and Resistance activist (d. 1944)
- 1909 – Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)
- 1909 – V. Nalliah, Sri Lankan Tamil politician
- 1911 – Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006)
- 1915 – Clifford M. Hardin, American politician (d. 2010)
- 1918 – E. Howard Hunt, American spy (d. 2007)
- 1918 – Lila Kedrova, Russian actress (d. 2000)
- 1920 – Jason Wingreen, American actor (d. 2015)
- 1920 – Yusef Lateef, American musician and composer (d. 2013)
- 1921 – Tadeusz Rozewicz, Polish poet and playwright (d. 2014)
- 1922 – Fyvush Finkel, American actor (d. 2016)
- 1923 – Donald Sinden, English actor (d. 2014)
- 1925 – Robert Docking, American politician, 38th Governor of Kansas (d. 1983)
- 1926 – Danièle Delorme, French actress and producer (d. 2015)
- 1928 – Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (d. 2016)
- 1929 – William M. Gray, American scientist (d. 2016)
- 1931 – Antony Booth, British actor (d. 2017)
- 1933 – Peter Mansfield, British physicist (d. 2017)
- 1934 – Abdullah Ibrahim, South African pianist and composer
- 1935 – Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
- 1936 – Edmond Keosayan, Armenian-Soviet musician and movie director (d. 1994)
- 1936 – Brian Blessed, British actor
- 1938 – Heinz Fischer, Austrian politician, former President of Austria
- 1939 – Nicholas Grimshaw, English architect
- 1940 – John Lennon, English musician and songwriter (The Beatles) (d. December 8, 1980)
- 1940 – Gordon J. Humphrey, American politician
- 1941 – Chucho Valdés, Cuban pianist and composer
- 1941 – Giancarlo Bercellino, Italian footballer
- 1942 – Shukri Ghanem, Prime Minister of Libya (d. 2012)
- 1943 – Renato Cappellini, Italian footballer
- 1944 – John Entwistle, British musician (d. 2002)
- 1944 – Nona Hendryx, American singer-songwriter, producer and actress
- 1944 – Francis Girod, French movie director (d. 2006)
- 1946 – Fernando Brant, Brazilian poet and journalist (d. 2015)
- 1947 – France Gall, French singer (d. 2018)
- 1947 – Joe Wark, Scottish footballer (d. 2015)
- 1947 – Bob Moose, American baseball player (d. 1976)
- 1948 – Paul LePage, American politician, Governor of Maine
- 1948 – Jackson Browne, American musician
- 1949 – Bob Leinbach, American singer-songwriter and musician (Orleans)
- 1949 – Rod Temperton, English songwriter and producer (d. 2016)
- 1950 – Reichi Nakaido, Japanese rock music guitarist
- 1950 – Jody Williams, American teacher and aid worker, Nobel Peace Prize winner
1951 – 1975
change- 1952 – Sharon Osbourne, wife of Ozzy Osbourne
- 1952 – Dennis Stratton, English guitarist (Iron Maiden)
- 1953 – Tony Shalhoub, American actor
- 1954 – Scott Bakula, American actor
- 1954 – James Fearnley, British musician (The Pogues)
- 1955 – Steve Ovett, British athlete
- 1958 – Alan Nunnelee, American politician (d. 2015)
- 1959 – Boris Nemtsov, Russian politician (d. 2015)
- 1960 – Kenny Garrett, American jazz saxophonist
- 1961 – Ellen Wheeler, American actress, director and producer
- 1962 – Hugh Robertson, English politician
- 1962 – Onokuni Yasushi, Japanese sumo wrestler
- 1962 – Jorge Burruchaga, Argentine footballer
- 1964 – Guillermo del Toro, Mexican movie director
- 1964 – John Ralston, Canadian actor
- 1966 – David Cameron, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- 1967 – Eddie Guerrero, American professional wrestler (d. 2005)
- 1967 – Artur Davis, American politician
- 1968 – Troy Davis, American high-profile death row inmate (d. 2011)
- 1969 – PJ Harvey, English musician
- 1969 – Steve McQueen, English artist and director (12 Years a Slave)
- 1970 – Steve Jablonsky, American movie and television composer
- 1970 – Annika Sörenstam, Swedish golfer
- 1970 – Kenny Anderson, American baseball player
- 1971 – Jason Jones, American director, producer and actor
- 1973 – Erin Daniels, American actress
- 1973 – Fabio Lione, Italian singer-songwriter and keyboardist
- 1973 – Carlos Pavon, Honduran footballer
- 1974 – Shmuel Herzfeld, American rabbi and activist
- 1975 – Sean Lennon, American musician, son of John Lennon and Yoko Ono
- 1975 – Mark Viduka, Australian footballer
From 1976
change- 1976 – Nick Swardson, American actor and comedian
- 1978 – Nicky Byrne, Irish singer (Westlife)
- 1979 – Gonzalo Sorondo, Uruguayan footballer
- 1979 – Brandon Routh, American actor
- 1979 – Chris O'Dowd, Irish actor
- 1979 – DJ Rashad, American DJ and musician (d. 2014)
- 1979 – Alex Greenwald, American musician, actor and record producer
- 1980 – Henrik Zetterberg, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1981 – Darius Miles, American basketball player
- 1982 – Antonio Mendonca, Angolan footballer
- 1982 – Shi Jun, Chinese footballer
- 1983 – Stephen Gionta, American ice hockey player
- 1983 – Andreas Zuber, Austrian racing driver
- 1983 – Spencer Grammer, American actress
- 1983 – Jang Mi-Ran, South Korean weightlifter
- 1983 – Zeng Jinyan, Chinese blogger and human rights activist
- 1984 – Djamel Mesbah, French-Algerian footballer
- 1986 – Laure Manaudou, French swimmer
- 1987 – Samantha Murray, English tennis player
- 1990 – Marcus Willis, English tennis player
- 1992 – Tyler James Williams, American actor and singer
- 1993 – Lauren Davis, American tennis player
- 1993 – Scotty McCreery, American singer
- 1994 – Jodelle Ferland, Canadian actress
- 1996 – Bella Hadid, American model
- 2008 – Bo, dog of Barack Obama
Deaths
changeUp to 1900
change- 1047 – Pope Clement II (b. 1005)
- 1253 – Robert Grosseteste, English statesman and bishop
- 1273 - Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany
- 1390 - King John I of Castile (b. 1358)
- 1555 – Justus Jonas, German Protestant reformer (b. 1493)
- 1562 – Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist (b. 1523)
- 1569 – Vladimir of Staritsa, Russian prince (b. 1533)
- 1581 - Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary and saint (b. 1526)
- 1597 – Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1537)
- 1691 – William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638)
- 1709 – Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)
- 1729 – Richard Blackmore, English physician and writer (b. 1654)
- 1793 – Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French missionary (b. 1718)
- 1806 – Benjamin Banneker, American astronomer (b. 1731)
- 1808 - John Claiborne, American politician (b. 1777)
- 1831 – John Capodistria, Governor of Greece (b. 1776)
- 1841 - Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Prussian architect and painter (b. 1781)
- 1857 - Josef Ressel, Austrian inventor (b. 1793)
- 1873 - George Ormerod, English historian and antiquarian (b. 1785)
- 1897 - Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1818)
- 1900 - Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Austrian composer and conductor (b. 1843)
1901 – 2000
change- 1924 – Valery Bryusov, Russian writer and critic (b. 1873)
- 1934 – King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (assassinated) (b. 1888)
- 1934 – Louis Barthou, Prime Minister of France (assassinated) (b. 1862)
- 1937 - Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse (b. 1868)
- 1941 – Helen Morgan, American singer and actress (b. 1900)
- 1943 – Pieter Zeeman, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
- 1950 - George Hainsworth, NHL goaltender (b. 1895)
- 1953 - Jimmy Finlayson, Scottish-American actor (b. 1887)
- 1955 – Theodor Cardinal Innitzer, Archbishop of Vienna (b. 1875)
- 1956 – Marie Doro, American actress (b. 1882)
- 1958 – Pope Pius XII (b. 1876)
- 1961 – Werner Jaeger, German mathematician (b. 1888)
- 1962 – Milan Vidmar, Slovenian electrical engineer and chess player (b. 1885)
- 1967 – Che Guevara, Argentine revolutionary and guerilla leader (executed) (b. 1928)
- 1967 - Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist (b. 1897)
- 1967 - Andre Maurois, French writer (b. 1885)
- 1972 – Miriam Hopkins, American actress (b. 1902)
- 1974 – Oskar Schindler, German businessman (b. 1908)
- 1976 - Walter Warlimont, German general (b. 1894)
- 1976 - Bob Moose, American baseball player (b. 1947)
- 1978 – Jacques Brel, Belgian musician (b. 1929)
- 1985 - Emilio Garrastazu Medici, President of Brazil (b. 1905)
- 1987 – Clare Boothe Luce, American diplomat (b. 1903)
- 1987 – Guru Gopinath, Indian classical dancer (b. 1908)
- 1987 – William P. Murphy, American doctor, won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1892)
- 1988 - Felix Wankel, German engineer (b. 1902)
- 1989 – Penny Lernoux, American journalist and writer (b. 1940)
- 1991 - Dagmar Lange (Maria Lang), Swedish writer (b. 1914)
- 1995 – Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1903)
- 1995 - Kukrit Pramoj, Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1911)
- 1996 – Walter Kerr, American theater critic (b. 1913)
- 2000 – David Dukes, American actor (b. 1945)
From 2001
change- 2001 – Dagmar, American television personality (b. 1921)
- 2002 – Aileen Wuornos, American serial killer (b. 1956)
- 2005 - Louis Nye, American actor (b. 1913)
- 2006 – Paul Hunter, British snooker player (b. 1978)
- 2008 - Gidget Gein, American musician (b. 1969)
- 2009 – Horst Szymaniak, German footballer (b. 1934)
- 2010 – Maurice Allais, French economist (b. 1911)
- 2012 - Paddy Roy Bates, British founder of the Sealand micronation (b. 1921)
- 2013 - Chopper Read, Australian crime figure and author (b. 1954)
- 2013 - Wilfried Martens, former Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1936)
- 2014 - Peter A. Peyser, American politician (b. 1921)
- 2014 - Jan Hooks, American actress and comedienne (b. 1957)
- 2015 - Ravindra Jain, Indian composer (b. 1944)
- 2015 - Tony Rafty, Australian caricaturist (b. 1915)
- 2015 - Du Runsheng, Chinese politician (b. 1913)
- 2015 - Jerry Parr, American secret service agent (b. 1930)
- 2015 - Geoffrey Howe, British politician (b. 1926)
- 2016 - Andrzej Wajda, Polish movie director (b. 1926)
- 2017 - Manuel Busto, French cyclist (b. 1932)
- 2017 - Allan Chumak, Russian faith healer (b. 1935)
- 2017 - Rafe Mair, Canadian lawyer, political commentator, journalist and politician (b. 1931)
- 2017 - Jean Rochefort, French actor (b. 1930)
- 2017 - Fernando de Szyszlo, Peruvian painter, printmaker and sculptor (b. 1925)
- 2017 - Michel Diefenbacher, French politician (b. 1947)
- 2017 - Hessie, Cuban textile artist (b. 1936)
- 2018 - Warner Saunders, American news anchor (b. 1935)
- 2018 - Thomas A. Steitz, American Nobel Prize-winning biochemist (b. 1940)
- 2018 - Carolyn Warner, American politician (b. 1930)
Observances
change- Independence Day (Uganda)
- Leif Erikson Day
- Hangul Day (South Korea)