Wikipedia

Abortion in the United States

termination of a pregnancy in the United States

In the United States, abortion was federally legal under Roe v. Wade (the 1973 court case with which abortion was no longer a criminal act) until 2022.[1] In 2022, the Supreme Court decided Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, ending federal abortion rights.[2]In several states, there are trigger laws under which made abortion illegal, and these laws came into effect when Roe vs. Wade ended. The decision also impacted abortion rights in Alabama, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, Oklahoma, Texas, and Mississippi, most of which are Republican.[3] Most anti-abortion movement officials are conservative Republicans in a number of U.S. states. Few, however, are anti-abortion while advocating for the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals (examples include the Pro-Life Alliance of Gays and Lesbians, PLAGAL for short).[4]

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Hyde amendment

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The Hyde amendment (enacted in 1976) doesn't allow Medicare, Medicaid, or other federal funds to be used for abortion except if the mother's life is in danger, the mother was raped/sexually assaulted, or became pregnant through incest.[5] This applies to thirty-two out of fifty states. They include Iowa, Pennsylvania, Kansas, Virginia, and Michigan.

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Abortion legality in other countries

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The table below lists in chronological order the United Nations member states that have legalized abortion on request in at least some initial part of the pregnancy, or that have fully decriminalized abortion. As of July 2022, 65 countries have legalized or decriminalized abortion on request.[a]

Note: In some countries or territories, abortion laws are modified by other laws, regulations, legal principles or judicial decisions. This map shows their combined effect as implemented by the authorities. Abortion laws specify under what circumstances a woman can get an abortion. Getting an abortion means that the pregnancy is ended early, without the birth of a child. These laws vary widely, by country, and sometimes by area. They have also changed over time.

Year legalized Countries CpY CC
1955 (  Armenia   Azerbaijan   Belarus   Estonia   Georgia   Kazakhstan   Kyrgyzstan   Latvia   Lithuania   Moldova   Russia   Tajikistan   Turkmenistan   Ukraine   Uzbekistan as part of the Soviet Union) 15 15
1957   China[b] 1 16
1965   Cuba 1 17
1973   Denmark   Tunisia[9] 2 19
1974   Singapore   Sweden 2 21
1975   Austria   France[c]   Vietnam[d] 3 24
1977 (  Bosnia and Herzegovina   Croatia   Montenegro   North Macedonia   Serbia   Slovenia as part of Yugoslavia) 6 30
1978   Italy   Luxembourg 2 32
1979   Norway[e] 1 33
1983   Turkey 1 34
1984   Netherlands[f] 1 35
1986   Cape Verde   Greece 2 37
1987 (  Czech Republic   Slovakia as part of Czechoslovakia)[g] 2 39
1988   Canada 1 40
1989   Mongolia[16] 1 41
1990   Belgium   Bulgaria   Romania 3 44
1992   Germany[h] 1 45
1993   Guinea-Bissau[17][18] 1 46
1995   Guyana 1 47
1996   Albania[i] 1 48
1997   Cambodia   South Africa 2 50
2002   Nepal   Switzerland 2 52
2007   Portugal 1 53
2010   Spain 1 54
2012   São Tomé and Príncipe[20]   Uruguay 2 56
2015   Mozambique[j] 1 57
2018   Cyprus 1 58
2019   Iceland   Ireland[k] 2 60
2020   New Zealand 1 61
2021   Argentina[l]   South Korea   Thailand 3 64
2022   Colombia   San Marino 2 66

References

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  1. ↑ Wilson, Joshua C. (July 2020). "Striving to Rollback or Protect the Roe–the State Legislations and Trump-Era Politics". The Journal of Federalism. 50 (3): 370–397. doi:10.1093/publius/pjaa015. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  2. ↑ Mangan, Dan; Breuninger, Kevin (24 June 2022). "Supreme Court overturns Roe v. Wade, ending 50 years of federal abortion rights". CNBC. Archived from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  3. ↑ "The Doctors' Organization – Calling the Abortion Bans Fetal Heartbeat is Misleading". The Guardian. 5 June 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  4. ↑ "Pro-Life Alliances of Gays and Lesbians". Guidestar. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  5. ↑ "The Hyde Amendment" (PDF). The National Committees of the Human Life Amendment. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-16. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  6. ↑ 国务院关于印发中国妇女发展纲要和中国儿童发展纲要的通知, Government of the People's Republic of China, 2021 (in Chinese).
  7. ↑ Yaqiu, Wang (27 September 2021). "Beijing to Reduce 'Non-Medically Necessary' Abortions". Human Rights Watch.
  8. ↑ Ahmed, Kaamil (27 September 2021). "China to clamp down on abortions for 'non-medical purposes'". The Guardian.
  9. ↑ Penal Code, 2012. Article 214 (in French).
  10. ↑ Law no. 2001-588 of 4 July 2001 regarding voluntary interruption of pregnancy and contraception, Légifrance (in French).
  11. ↑ Voluntary interruption of pregnancy legal in Polynesia since 2001, Tahiti Infos, 4 September 2017 (in French).
  12. ↑ 26 years after the Veil Act, New Caledonia legalized abortion, France TV, 27 November 2014 (in French).
  13. ↑ Law on interruption of pregnancy (abortion law), Lovdata. "[A]mending law of 16 June 1978 no. 66 from 1 January 1979 according to resolution of 1 December 1978" (in Norwegian).
  14. ↑ Abortion permit for hospital in Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, 16 June 2012.
  15. ↑ Termination of pregnancy law, Government of the Netherlands (in Dutch).
  16. ↑ Tsogt, Bazarragchaa; Seded, Khishgee; Johnson, Brooke R.; Strategic Assessment Team (2 September 2008). "Applying the WHO Strategic Approach to Strengthening First and Second Trimester Abortion Services in Mongolia". Reproductive Health Matters. 16 (31 Suppl): 127–134. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(08)31383-4. eISSN 1460-9576. ISSN 0968-8080. PMID 18772093 – via Taylor & Francis Group.
  17. ↑ Penal Code of Guinea-Bissau, Judicial Police of Guinea-Bissau, 20 May 2019. Article 112 (in Portuguese).
  18. ↑ Portuguese Penal Code of 1886, University of Coimbra, 1919. Article 358 (in Portuguese).
  19. ↑ "Për ndërprerjen e shtatëzënësisë" [On the Interruption of Pregnancy]. Law No. 8045 of 27 December 1995 (in Albanian). Parliament of Albania.
  20. ↑ Penal Code, Government of São Tomé and Príncipe, 2012. Book II, title I, chapter II (in Portuguese).
  21. ↑ Law of revision of the Penal Code, Gazette of the Republic of Mozambique, 31 December 2014. "The present law enters into force one hundred and eighty days after its publication." (in Portuguese)
  22. ↑ "Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018 (Commencement) Order 2018". S.I. No. 594 of 2018 (PDF).
  23. ↑ "Acceso a la Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo" [Access to Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy]. Law No. 27.610 of 30 December 2020 (in Spanish). National Congress of Argentina.
  1. ↑ In addition, 6 countries with limited recognition (Artsakh, Donetsk PR, Kosovo, Northern Cyprus, South Ossetia, and Transnistria), and 8 autonomous jurisdictions (French Polynesia, Greenland, Guam, the Isle of Man, Jersey, New Caledonia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Wallis and Futuna) have legalized or decriminalized abortion on request, which gives a total of 79 jurisdictions.
  2. ↑ In 2021, the Chinese government issued guidelines reducing "non-medically necessary" abortions as a "step toward women's development".[6] The guidelines do not provide detail on what a "non-medically necessary" abortion is, nor what specific policies the government has planned to achieve this goal.[7][8]
  3. ↑ In some parts of Overseas France, abortion on request became legal in 2001.[10][11][12]
  4. ↑ Year when all subnational jurisdictions legalized abortion on request.
  5. ↑ The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1978 and came into force in 1979.[13]
  6. ↑ In the Caribbean Netherlands, abortion on request became legal in 2011.[14][15]
  7. ↑ The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1986 and came into force in 1987.
  8. ↑ After explicit legalization struck down by supreme court decision, the law only removes punishment for abortion on request but with no statement about its legality.
  9. ↑ The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1995 and came into force in 1996.[19]
  10. ↑ The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2014 and came into force in 2015.[21]
  11. ↑ The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2018 and came into force in 2019.[22]
  12. ↑ The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2020 and came into force in 2021.[23]

Notes

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