List of current senators of Canada
This is a list of members of the Senate of Canada (French: Le Sénat du Canada), the upper house of the Canadian Parliament.
As of 20 March 2022[update], there are 90 senators. 41 senators are part of the Independent Senators Group. 16 are part of senate caucus of the Conservative Party of Canada. 14 senators are part of the Progressive Senate Group. 12 are part of the Canadian Senators Group. 7 aren't part of any group.[1] 15 seats are empty.[2]
Current senators
change[3] | Name | Senate political affiliation | Province (Division)[a] | Date appointed | Appointed on the advice of | Mandatory retirement date | Titles and notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Margaret Dawn Anderson | Progressive Senate Group | Northwest Territories | December 12, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | April 14, 2042 | |||
David Arnot | Independent Senators Group | Saskatchewan | July 29, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | April 16, 2027 | |||
Salma Ataullahjan | Conservative | Ontario (Toronto) | July 9, 2010 | Harper | April 29, 2027 | |||
Michèle Audette | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (De Salaberry) | July 29, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | July 20, 2046 | |||
Denise Batters | Conservative | Saskatchewan | January 25, 2013 | Harper | June 18, 2045 | Expelled from the national Conservative caucus on November 16, 2021 but remains a member of the Senate Conservative Caucus.[4] | ||
Diane Bellemare | Progressive Senate Group | Quebec (Alma) | September 6, 2012 | Harper | October 13, 2024 | Legislative Deputy to Government Representative Peter Harder until she joined the ISG, November 14, 2019. | ||
Wanda Thomas Bernard | Progressive Senate Group | Nova Scotia (East Preston) | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | August 1, 2028 | |||
Robert Black | Canadian Senators Group | Ontario (Centre Wellington) | February 15, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | March 27, 2037 | |||
Peter Boehm | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | October 3, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | April 26, 2029 | |||
Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu | Conservative | Quebec (La Salle) | January 29, 2010 | Harper | February 12, 2024 | |||
Gwen Boniface | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | August 5, 2030 | |||
Patricia Bovey | Progressive Senate Group | Manitoba | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | May 15, 2023 | |||
Yvonne Boyer | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | March 15, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | October 25, 2028 | |||
Patrick Brazeau | Non-affiliated | Quebec (Repentigny) | January 8, 2009 | Harper | November 11, 2049 | |||
Bev Busson | Independent Senators Group | British Columbia | September 24, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | August 23, 2026 | |||
Larry Campbell | Canadian Senators Group | British Columbia (Vancouver) | August 2, 2005 | Martin | February 28, 2023 | |||
Claude Carignan | Conservative | Quebec (Mille Isles) | August 27, 2009 | Harper | December 4, 2039 | former Representative of the Government and former Opposition Leader | ||
Daniel Christmas | Independent Senators Group | Nova Scotia | December 6, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | September 10, 2031 | |||
Bernadette Clement | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | June 22, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | May 17, 2040 | |||
Jane Cordy | Progressive Senate Group | Nova Scotia | June 9, 2000 | Chrétien | July 2, 2025 | Progressive Senate Group Leader | ||
René Cormier | Independent Senators Group | New Brunswick | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | April 27, 2031 | |||
Brent Cotter | Independent Senators Group | Saskatchewan | January 31, 2020 | Trudeau, J. | December 18, 2024 | |||
Mary Coyle | Independent Senators Group | Nova Scotia (Antigonish) | December 4, 2017[5] | Trudeau, J. | November 5, 2029 | |||
Jean-Guy Dagenais | Canadian Senators Group | Quebec (Victoria) | January 17, 2012 | Harper | February 2, 2025 | |||
Pierre Dalphond | Progressive Senate Group | Quebec (De Lorimier) | June 6, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | May 1, 2029 | |||
Donna Dasko | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | June 6, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | August 19, 2026 | |||
Dennis Dawson | Progressive Senate Group | Quebec (Lauzon) | August 2, 2005 | Martin | September 28, 2024 | Progressive Senate Group Deputy Leader | ||
Colin Deacon | Independent Senators Group | Nova Scotia | June 15, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | November 1, 2034 | |||
Martha Deacon | Independent Senators Group | Ontario (Waterloo Region) | February 15, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | April 23, 2033 | |||
Tony Dean | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | August 26, 2028 | |||
Percy Downe | Canadian Senators Group | Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown) | June 26, 2003 | Chrétien | July 8, 2029 | |||
[[Pat Duncan {{{last}}}|Pat Duncan {{{last}}}]] | Independent Senators Group | Yukon | December 12, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | April 8, 2035 | |||
Renée Dupuis | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (The Laurentides) | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | January 17, 2024 | |||
Éric Forest | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Gulf) | November 21, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | April 6, 2027 | |||
Brian Francis | Progressive Senate Group | Prince Edward Island | October 11, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | September 28, 2032 | |||
George Furey | Non-affiliated | Newfoundland and Labrador | August 11, 1999 | Chrétien | May 12, 2023 | Speaker | ||
Raymonde Gagné | Non-affiliated | Manitoba | April 1, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | January 7, 2032 | Legislative Deputy to Government Representative Marc Gold as of January 31, 2020[6] | ||
Rosa Galvez | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Bedford) | December 6, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | June 21, 2042 | |||
Amina Gerba | Progressive Senate Group | Quebec (Rigaud) | July 29, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | March 14, 2036 | |||
Clément Gignac | Progressive Senate Group | Quebec (Kennebec) | July 29, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | May 7, 2030 | |||
Marc Gold | Non-affiliated | Quebec (Stadacona) | November 25, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | June 30, 2025 | Representative of the Government in the Senate as of January 24, 2020[7] | ||
Stephen Greene | Canadian Senators Group | Nova Scotia (Halifax — The Citadel) | January 2, 2009 | Harper | December 8, 2024 | |||
Peter Harder | Progressive Senate Group | Ontario (Ottawa) | March 23, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | August 25, 2027 | former Representative of the Government from March 23, 2016 to December 31, 2019. | ||
Nancy Hartling | Independent Senators Group | New Brunswick | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | February 1, 2025 | |||
Leo Housakos | Conservative | Quebec (Wellington) | January 8, 2009 | Harper | January 10, 2043 | former Speaker | ||
Mobina Jaffer | Independent Senators Group | British Columbia | June 13, 2001 | Chrétien | August 20, 2024 | |||
Marty Klyne | Progressive Senate Group | Saskatchewan | September 24, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | March 6, 2032 | |||
Stan Kutcher | Independent Senators Group | Nova Scotia | December 12, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | December 16, 2026 | |||
Patti LaBoucane-Benson | Non-affiliated | Alberta | October 3, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | February 20, 2044 | Government Liaison (whip) as of January 31, 2020[6] | ||
Frances Lankin | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | April 1, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | April 16, 2029 | |||
Tony Loffreda | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Shawinegan) | July 23, 2019 | Trudeau, J. | August 14, 2037 | joined the ISG on November 7, 2019[8] | ||
Sandra Lovelace Nicholas | Progressive Senate Group | New Brunswick | September 21, 2005 | Martin | April 15, 2023 | |||
Michael L. MacDonald | Conservative | Nova Scotia (Cape Breton) | January 2, 2009 | Harper | May 4, 2030 | |||
Fabian Manning | Conservative | Newfoundland and Labrador | May 25, 2011 | Harper | May 21, 2039 | |||
Elizabeth Marshall | Conservative | Newfoundland and Labrador | January 29, 2010 | Harper | September 7, 2026 | |||
Yonah Martin | Conservative | British Columbia (Vancouver) | January 2, 2009 | Harper | April 11, 2040 | Opposition Deputy Leader | ||
Sabi Marwah | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | July 12, 2026 | |||
Paul Massicotte | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (De Lanaudière) | June 26, 2003 | Chrétien | September 10, 2026 | |||
Mary Jane McCallum | Non-Affiliated | Manitoba | December 4, 2017[5] | Trudeau, J. | May 1, 2027 | |||
Marilou McPhedran | Non-Affiliated | Manitoba | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | July 22, 2026 | Left the Independent Senators Group in October, 2021 prior to a private hearing to determine if McPhedran should be expelled from the group.[9] | ||
Marie-Françoise Mégie | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Rougemont) | November 21, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | September 25, 2025 | |||
Terry Mercer | Progressive Senate Group | Nova Scotia (Northend Halifax) | November 7, 2003 | Chrétien | May 6, 2022 | Whip of the Progressive Senate Group | ||
Julie Miville-Dechêne | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Inkerman) | June 20, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | July 10, 2034 | |||
Percy Mockler | Conservative | New Brunswick (St. Leonard) | January 2, 2009 | Harper | April 14, 2024 | |||
Lucie Moncion | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | October 25, 2033 | |||
Rosemary Moodie | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | December 12, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | November 24, 2031 | |||
Victor Oh | Conservative | Ontario (Mississauga) | January 25, 2013 | Harper | June 10, 2024 | |||
Ratna Omidvar | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | April 1, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | November 5, 2024 | |||
Kim Pate | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | November 10, 2034 | |||
Dennis Patterson | Canadian Senators Group | Nunavut | August 27, 2009 | Harper | December 30, 2023 | |||
Chantal Petitclerc | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (Grandville) | April 1, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | December 15, 2044 | |||
Don Plett | Conservative | Manitoba (Landmark) | August 27, 2009 | Harper | May 14, 2025 | Opposition Leader | ||
Rose-May Poirier | Conservative | New Brunswick (Saint-Louis-de-Kent) | February 28, 2010 | Harper | March 2, 2029 | |||
Jim Quinn | Canadian Senators Group | New Brunswick | June 22, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | January 25, 2032 | |||
Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia | Independent Senators Group | Newfoundland and Labrador | June 1, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | August 15, 2032 | |||
David Adams Richards | Canadian Senators Group | New Brunswick | August 30, 2017 | Trudeau, J. | October 17, 2025 | |||
Pierrette Ringuette | Independent Senators Group | New Brunswick | December 12, 2002 | Chrétien | December 31, 2030 | |||
Raymonde Saint-Germain | Independent Senators Group | Quebec (De la Vallière) | November 25, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | October 7, 2026 | |||
Judith Seidman | Conservative | Québec (De la Durantaye) | August 27, 2009 | Harper | September 1, 2025 | Opposition Whip as of November 14, 2019 | ||
Paula Simons | Independent Senators Group | Alberta | October 3, 2018 | Trudeau, J. | September 7, 2039 | |||
Larry Smith | Conservative | Quebec (Saurel) | May 25, 2011 | Harper | April 28, 2026 | former Opposition Leader | ||
Karen Sorensen | Independent Senators Group | Alberta | July 29, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | May 20, 2034 | |||
Scott Tannas | Canadian Senators Group | Alberta | March 25, 2013 | Harper | February 25, 2037 | In an interview with The Hill Times in July 2017, Senator Tannas "...has made it clear he will stay no longer than a decade." which would put his retirement date no later than March 25, 2023.[10] | ||
Josée Verner | Canadian Senators Group | Quebec (Montarville) | June 13, 2011 | Harper | December 30, 2034 | |||
Pamela Wallin | Canadian Senators Group | Saskatchewan | January 2, 2009 | Harper | April 10, 2028 | |||
David Wells | Conservative | Newfoundland and Labrador | January 25, 2013 | Harper | February 28, 2037 | |||
Howard Wetston | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | June 3, 2022 | |||
Vernon White | Canadian Senators Group | Ontario | February 20, 2012 | Harper | February 21, 2034 | Upon his appointment, Senator White said that he would step down after nine years (no later than February 20, 2021).[11] | ||
Yuen Pau Woo | Independent Senators Group | British Columbia | November 10, 2016 | Trudeau, J. | March 2, 2038 | Facilitator of the Independent Senators Group | ||
Hassan Yussuff | Independent Senators Group | Ontario | June 22, 2021 | Trudeau, J. | December 15, 2032 |
Vacancies
changeProvince (Division) | Seat last held by | Affiliation | Reason for vacancy | Vacant since | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
British Columbia | Richard Neufeld | Conservative | Mandatory retirement | November 6, 2019 | 1844 days | |
Nova Scotia | Tom McInnis | Conservative | Mandatory retirement | April 9, 2020 | 1689 days | |
Saskatchewan | Lillian Dyck | Progressive Senate Group | Mandatory retirement | August 24, 2020 | 1552 days | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | Norman Doyle | Conservative | Mandatory retirement | November 11, 2020 | 1473 days | |
Alberta | Elaine McCoy | Canadian Senators Group | Death | December 29, 2020 | 1425 days | |
Manitoba | Murray Sinclair | Independent Senators Group | Resigned | January 31, 2021 | 1392 days | |
Prince Edward Island | Mike Duffy | Independent Senators Group | Mandatory retirement | May 27, 2021 | 1276 days | |
Ontario | Jim Munson | Progressive Senate Group | Mandatory retirement | July 14, 2021 | 1228 days | |
New Brunswick | Judith Keating | Independent Senators Group | Death | July 16, 2021 | 1226 days | |
New Brunswick | Carolyn Stewart-Olsen | Conservative | Mandatory retirement | July 27, 2021 | 1215 days | |
Ontario | Linda Frum | Conservative | Resigned | August 27, 2021 | 1184 days | |
Alberta | Doug Black | Canadian Senators Group | Resigned | October 31, 2021 | 1119 days | |
Ontario | Josée Forest-Niesing | Independent Senators Group | Death | November 20, 2021 | 1099 days | |
Ontario | Thanh Hai Ngo | Conservative | Mandatory retirement | January 3, 2022 | 1055 days | |
Prince Edward Island | Diane Griffin | Canadian Senators Group | Mandatory retirement | March 18, 2022 | 981 days |
Standings
changeMembers of the Senate of Canada can be the[12] representatives of a political party if agreed by themselves and their party.The current party standings in the Senate of Canada these:
Party | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PE | NL | YT | NT | NU | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent Senators Group | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 41 | |
Conservative | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | |
Progressive Senate Group | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 14 | |
Canadian Senators Group | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12 | |
Non-affiliated | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
Vacant | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | |
Total | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 24 | 24 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 105 |
Membership changes since the last election
changeDate | Name | Province | Affiliation before | Affiliation after | Reason | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
September 27, 2021 | Michèle Audette | Quebec (De Salaberry) | Non-affiliated | Independent Senators Group | Changed affiliation | ||
October 6, 2021 | Bernadette Clement | Ontario | |||||
October 7, 2021 | Karen Sorensen | Alberta | |||||
October 8, 2021 | Hassan Yussuff | Ontario | |||||
October 18, 2021 | Marilou McPhedran | Manitoba | Independent Senators Group | Non-affiliated | |||
October 31, 2021 | Doug Black | Alberta | Canadian Senators Group | Vacant | Resigned | ||
November 20, 2021 | Josée Forest-Niesing | Ontario | Independent Senators Group | Died in office | |||
January 3, 2022 | Thanh Hai Ngo | Ontario | Conservative | Mandatory retirement | |||
February 4, 2022 | Dennis Patterson | Nunavut | Conservative | Canadian Senators Group | Changed affiliation | ||
March 14, 2022 | Mary Jane McCallum | Manitoba | Independent Senators Group | Non-affiliated | Changed affiliation | ||
March 18, 2022 | Diane Griffin | Prince Edward Island | Canadian Senators Group | Vacant | Mandatory retirement |
Standings changes since the last election
changeNumber of members per group by date |
2021 | 2022 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep 20 | Sep 27 | Oct 6 | Oct 7 | Oct 8 | Oct 18 | Oct 31 | Nov 20 | Jan 3 | Feb 4 | Mar 14 | Mar 18 | ||
Independent Senators Group | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 41 | |||||
Conservative | 18 | 17 | 16 | ||||||||||
Progressive Senate Group | 14 | ||||||||||||
Canadian Senators Group | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | |||||||||
Non-affiliated | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||
Total members | 94 | 93 | 92 | 91 | 90 | ||||||||
Vacant | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
Appointment breakdown
changePrime Minister | Term | ISG | Cons. | PSG | CSG | N-A | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jean Chrétien | 1993–2003 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
Paul Martin | 2003–2006 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | |
Stephen Harper | 2006–2015 | 0 | 16 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 25 | |
Justin Trudeau | 2015–present | 39 | 0 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 56 | |
Total | 42 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 6 | 91 |
Upcoming retirements
changeTwenty-five current senators are scheduled to retire before the end of 2025:
- Terry Mercer, May 6, 2022, Progressive Senate Group (Chrétien) - Nova Scotia (Northend Halifax)
- Howard Wetston, June 3, 2022, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Ontario
- Larry Campbell, February 28, 2023, Canadian Senators Group (Martin) - British Columbia (Vancouver)
- Sandra Lovelace Nicholas, April 15, 2023, Progressive Senate Group (Martin) - New Brunswick
- George Furey, May 12, 2023, Non-affiliated (Chrétien) - Newfoundland and Labrador
- Patricia Bovey, May 15, 2023, Progressive Senate Group (J. Trudeau) - Manitoba
- Dennis Patterson, December 30, 2023, Canadian Senators Group (Harper) - Nunavut
- Renée Dupuis, January 17, 2024, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Quebec (The Laurentides)
- Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu, February 12, 2024, Conservative (Harper) - Quebec (La Salle)
- Percy Mockler, April 14, 2024, Conservative (Harper) - New Brunswick (St. Leonard)
- Victor Oh, June 10, 2024, Conservative (Harper) - Ontario
- Mobina Jaffer, August 20, 2024, Independent Senators Group (Chrétien) - British Columbia
- Dennis Dawson, September 28, 2024, Progressive Senate Group, (Martin) - Quebec (Lauzon)
- Diane Bellemare, October 13, 2024, Progressive Senators Group (Harper) - Quebec (Alma)
- Ratna Omidvar, November 5, 2024, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Ontario
- Stephen Greene, December 8, 2024, Canadian Senators Group (Harper) - Nova Scotia (Halifax — The Citadel)
- Brent Cotter, December 18, 2024, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Saskatchewan
- Nancy Hartling, February 1, 2025, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - New Brunswick
- Jean-Guy Dagenais, February 2, 2025, Canadian Senators Group (Harper) - Quebec
- Don Plett, May 14, 2025, Conservative (Harper) - Manitoba (Landmark)
- Marc Gold, June 30, 2025, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Quebec (Stadacona)
- Jane Cordy, July 2, 2025, Progressive Senate Group (Chrétien) - Nova Scotia
- Judith Seidman, September 1, 2025, Conservative (Harper) - Québec (De la Durantaye)
- Marie-Françoise Mégie, September 21, 2025, Independent Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - Quebec (Rougemont)
- David Adams Richards, October 17, 2025, Canadian Senators Group (J. Trudeau) - New Brunswick
Longest jobs
changeFurthest year of retirement of existing senators, by prime minister
- Dennis Dawson, appointed by Paul Martin, is due to retire on September 28, 2024
- Pierrette Ringuette, appointed by Jean Chrétien, is due to retire on December 31, 2030
- Michèle Audette, appointed by Justin Trudeau, is due to retire on July 20, 2046
- Patrick Brazeau, appointed by Stephen Harper, is due to retire on November 11, 2049
Notes
change- ↑ Quebec is the only province with Senate divisions that are constitutionally mandated. In all other provinces, a Senate division is strictly an optional designation of the senator's own choosing, and has no real constitutional or legal standing. A senator who does not choose a special senate division is considered a senator for the province at large.
References
change- ↑ Tasker, John Paul (18 November 2019). "Two more senators defect to upstart group, one citing Scheer's leadership". CBC News. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
- ↑ "Senators". Archived from the original on January 22, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
- ↑ "Senators: 42nd Parliament of Canada". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 2015-11-05.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ Bailey, Ian (November 18, 2021). "Not entirely ousted: Senator critical of O'Toole remains member of Tory Senate caucus". Globe and Mail. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Prime Minister announces the appointment of two new Senators". pm.gc.ca (Press release). PMO. December 4, 2017. Archived from the original on December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "With two new Senate appointments, Trudeau has now appointed half of the upper house". CBC News. January 31, 2020. Archived from the original on February 1, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
- ↑ "Trudeau appoints constitutional lawyer Marc Gold as government leader in the Senate". CBC News. January 24, 2020. Archived from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
- ↑ Loffreda, Senator Tony (7 November 2019). "Senator Tony Loffreda on Twitter: The Senate plays a crucial role in the Canadian parliamentary system, I am looking forward to leveraging the experiences that I've accumulated throughout my career as we attempt to improve legislation, as well as the lives of Canadians. Thank you!". Twitter. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
- ↑ "Manitoba senator quits Independent Senators Group ahead of expulsion hearing". CBC News. October 18, 2021. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
- ↑ "Tory Senators divided over whether they really agreed to term limits". Archived from the original on October 24, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
- ↑ "Sen. White vows to step down after nine years, even if Senate reforms not passed". Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
- ↑ The Senate Chamber (PDF). Senate of Canada. 19 February 2019. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 6, 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.