Danish pastry
A Danish pastry (sometimes shortened to Danish, especially in American English) is a laminated sweet pastry. it is made in the Viennese style. It is called Kopenhagener in Austria and Wienerbrød in Denmark.[1]
 A typical Spandauer-type Danish with apple filling and glazing | |
| Type | Sweet bread |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Denmark Austria |
| Main ingredients | Wheat flour, butter, milk, eggs, yeast. |
Like croissants, they are made with puff pastry. The laminated yeast-leavened dough gives a layered texture.
Composition
changeDanish pastry is made of yeast-leavened dough of wheat flour, milk, eggs, sugar, and a lot of butter or margarine.[2]
The dough is rolled out thinly. Then it is covered with thin slices of butter. The dough is folded and rolled several times.[3][4] It may be chilled to make it ease to handle. The process of rolling, buttering, folding, and chilling is repeated. This makes a multilayered dough that is airy and crisp on the outside. It is also rich and buttery.[4]
Butter is the traditional fat used in Danish pastry.[5] In factories less expensive fats are often used, such as hydrogenated sunflower oil.
History
changeThere was a strike among bakery workers in Denmark in 1850. The bakery owners hired workers from abroad. Some of them were Austrian. They brought new baking traditions and pastry recipes. Danish bakers used the Austrian recipes. They increased the amount of egg and fat. This resulted in what is now known as the Danish pastry.[10][11] The Danes called the pastry "wienerbrød" (Vienna bread) . That name is still in use in Northern Europe today.[12]
Denmark
change
Danish pastries in Denmark have different shapes and names. Some are topped with chocolate, pearl sugar, glacé icing, or nuts. They may be stuffed with jam or preserves (usually apple or prune), remonce, marzipan, or custard. Shapes are numerous, including circles with filling in the middle (known in Denmark as Spandauers), figure-eights, spirals (known as snails), and the pretzel-like kringles.[13][14]
Varieties
changeIn Sweden, Danish pastry is typically made with vanilla custard.
In the UK, various ingredients such as jam, custard, apricots, cherries, raisins, flaked almonds, pecans, or caramelized toffee are placed on the dough, which is then baked. Cardamom is often added to increase the aromatic sense of sweetness.
In the US, Danishes are often topped with fruit or sweetened cream cheese before to baking. Danishes with nuts on them are also popular there and in Sweden. Icing, and, sometimes, powdered sugar and chocolate are also added.
In Argentina, they are usually filled with dulce de leche or dulce de membrillo.
- Danish pastry in different countries
-
A slice of a kringle with remonce, a type of Danish pastry common in Denmark -
Several types of Danish pastry in a bakery in Denmark -
A pecan and maple syrup Danish pastry sold in the UK -
Argentine facturas with dulce de membrillo -
Danish pastries in the Philippines
.jpg)
United States
change.jpg)
Danish pastry was brought to the United States by Danish immigrants. Lauritz C. Klitteng of Læsø made it popular in the US around 1915–1920. He said he made Danish pastry for the wedding of President Woodrow Wilson in December 1915. He was featured in 1920s periodicals like the National Baker, the Bakers' Helper, and the Bakers' Weekly. Klitteng briefly had his own Danish Culinary Studio at 146 Fifth Avenue in New York City.[15]
Herman Gertner owned a chain of New York City restaurants. He brought Klitteng to New York to sell Danish pastry. Gertner's obituary appeared in the January 23, 1962 The New York Times:
"At one point during his career Mr. Gertner befriended a Danish baker who convinced him that Danish pastry might be well received in New York. Mr. Gertner began serving the pastry in his restaurant and it immediately was a success."
Notes
change- ↑ Davidson, Alan (2014). The Oxford Companion to Food. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-967733-7.
- ↑ Cauvain, Stanley P.; Young, Linda S. (20 May 2007). Technology of Breadmaking. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780387385655. Retrieved 15 December 2017 – via Google Books.
- ↑ Gisslen, Wayne (17 January 2012). Professional Baking. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118083741. Retrieved 15 December 2017 – via Google Books.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Rose Levy Beranbaum (1998). The Pie and Pastry Bible. Schribner. ISBN 0684813483.
- ↑ "Danish pastry". Global.britannica.com. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- ↑ in Norway. Archived 2015-02-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "In Finland is called viineri". Pohjoisenmakua.wordpress.com. 21 October 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
- ↑ "Wienerbröd vanilj delbakad dafgård - Torebrings.se". Torebrings.se. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
- ↑ "Produkt ikke funnet". Pdb.no. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
- ↑ "Wienerbrød". Arbejdsgiverforeningen Konditorer, Bagere og Chocolademagere. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ↑ Inger Abildgaard (1 February 2007). "De danske kager er en fantastisk historie". Samvirke (in Danish). Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2014. Interview with Bi Skaarup, a Danish food-historian and former president of "Det Danske Gastronomiske Akademi" (The Danish Gastronomical Academy).
- ↑ Sverdrup, Elise (1980). Norway's delight: dishes and specialities. Oslo: Tanum-Norli. ISBN 8251800897.
- ↑ Karina Porcelli (10 September 2007). "You Call This Danish Pastry?". Saveur, Bonnier Corporation. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ↑ Citation from the Saveur article: [There are hundreds of types of Danish pastry, but all—from the chokoladebolle, topped with chocolate, to the spandauer, filled with vanilla custard or marmalade, or the wienerbrødhorn, infused with marzipan and sprinkled with hazelnuts—are made of crisp layers of paper-thin dough, prepared and baked according to strict rules.]
- ↑ Hakon Mielche [in Danish] (1944). Jorden rundt med morgenbrød (in Danish). Hasselbalch.
References
change- Cauvain, Stanley & Young, Linda S. (2007) Technology of Breadmaking. Springer Science & Business Media.
- Gisslen, Wayne (2013) Professional Baking. (6th edition) John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ. ISBN 9781118083741
Other websites
change
- Danish pastry - base recipe - Danish pastry bar Kvalifood, a non-commercial educational cooking website from Denmark.
- BBC Danish pastries
- Danish