Kostroma
city in the center of European Russia
Kostroma (Russian: Кострома́, IPA: [kəstrɐˈma]) is a historic city and the administrative center (capital city) of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. It is a part of the Golden Ring of Russian towns. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. Population: 268,742 (2010 Census);[2] 278,750 (2002 Census);[6] 278,414 (1989 Census).[7]
Kostroma
Кострома | |
|---|---|
 Fire-observation watchtower in Kostroma (1825-1828) | |
.svg) Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Kostroma  | |
  Kostroma Location of Kostroma  Kostroma Kostroma (Kostroma Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 57°46′N 40°56′E / 57.767°N 40.933°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kostroma Oblast |
| Founded | 1152 |
| City status since | 1719 |
| Government | |
| • Head | Yuri Zhurin[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 144.5 km2 (55.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 110 m (360 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 268,742 |
| • Estimate (2018)[3] | 277,280 (+3.2%) |
| • Rank | 69th in 2010 |
| • Density | 1,900/km2 (4,800/sq mi) |
| • Subordinated to | city of oblast significance of Kostroma |
| • Capital of | Kostroma Oblast, Kostromskoy District |
| • Urban okrug | Kostroma Urban Okrug |
| • Capital of | Kostroma Urban Okrug, Kostromskoy Municipal District |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [4]) |
| Postal code(s)[5] | 156XXX |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 4942 |
| OKTMO ID | 34701000001 |
| Twin towns | Aachen, Durham, Durham, Hyvinkää, Berane, Cetinje, Samokov, Ochamchire, Dole, Piotrków Trybunalski, Xiangyang |
| Website | www |
Climate change
Kostroma has a cool continental climate (Köppen Dfb). It has chilly winters and warm summers.
| Climate data for Kostroma (1991–2020, extremes 1842–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.6 (43.9) |
7.2 (45.0) |
17.9 (64.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
32.5 (90.5) |
34.5 (94.1) |
37.1 (98.8) |
37.3 (99.1) |
30.2 (86.4) |
22.9 (73.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
37.3 (99.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
1.0 (33.8) |
10.2 (50.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.7 (71.1) |
24.2 (75.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
7.7 (45.9) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
8.8 (47.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.8 (16.2) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
12.3 (54.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.6 (65.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
10.9 (51.6) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
4.6 (40.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −11.8 (10.8) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
0.8 (33.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.1 (52.0) |
13.7 (56.7) |
11.7 (53.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
0.9 (33.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −46.4 (−51.5) |
−39.3 (−38.7) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
−19.0 (−2.2) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
3.2 (37.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−21.1 (−6.0) |
−28.8 (−19.8) |
−44.4 (−47.9) |
−46.4 (−51.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41 (1.6) |
29 (1.1) |
31 (1.2) |
35 (1.4) |
53 (2.1) |
74 (2.9) |
73 (2.9) |
73 (2.9) |
56 (2.2) |
64 (2.5) |
49 (1.9) |
40 (1.6) |
618 (24.3) |
| Average rainy days | 6 | 5 | 8 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 11 | 8 | 154 |
| Average snowy days | 28 | 24 | 18 | 8 | 1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 20 | 27 | 134 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 87 | 83 | 77 | 68 | 64 | 72 | 74 | 78 | 82 | 86 | 88 | 88 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 33 | 70 | 132 | 184 | 266 | 291 | 282 | 227 | 136 | 65 | 32 | 17 | 1,735 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[8] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[9] | |||||||||||||
Notable people change
- Olesya Barel (born 1960), basketball player
- Nina Demme (1902-1977), polar explorer and biologist
- Aleksandra Ishimova (1805–1881), translator and author of children's books
- Roman Kopin (born 1974), Governor of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
- Aleksey Pisemsky (1821–1881), novelist and dramatist
- The Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Shneersohn was exiled to Kostroma by the USSR in 1927 for 3 years, and was released after 9 days
Twin towns – sister cities change
Because of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Durham County council stopped plans for twinning with Kostroma.[12]
References change
- ↑ Official website of Kostroma. Viktor Valentinovich Yemets, Head of the Kostroma City Administration
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ↑ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ↑ Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. Retrieved 9 Feb 2012.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved 9 Feb 2012.
- ↑ "Погода и Климат – Климат Кострома" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ↑ "Kostroma Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ↑ "Международное и межмуниципальное сотрудничество". duma-kostroma.ru (in Russian). Duma Kostroma. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
- ↑ "Durham City Council votes to suspend ties with Russian sister city". The Chronicle. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
- ↑ "Ukraine: County Durham ends twinning links with Russian city Kostroma". BBC News. 2021-09-06. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
Other websites change
Wikivoyage has a travel guide about: Kostroma
- Official website of Kostroma (in Russian)
- Unofficial website of Kostroma (in Russian)
- History and sights of Kostroma (in Russian)
- Current time in Kostroma (in Russian)
- Kostroma city beautiful architecture views
- Local history website. K. Torop. Kostroma (in English)