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Pronunciation | |
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Appearance | silvery lustrous gray |
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| 121.760(1)[1] |
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Group | group 15 (pnictogens) |
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Period | period 5 |
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Block | p-block |
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Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 903.78 K (630.63 °C, 1167.13 °F) |
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Boiling point | 1908 K (1635 °C, 2975 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 6.697 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.53 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 19.79 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 193.43 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 25.23 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
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1
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10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
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at T (K)
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807
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876
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1011
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1219
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1491
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1858
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Oxidation states | −3, −2, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.05 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 834 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1594.9 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2440 kJ/mol
- (more)
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Atomic radius | empirical: 140 pm |
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Covalent radius | 139±5 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 206 pm |
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Spectral lines of antimony |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | rhombohedral |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 3420 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | 11 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 24.4 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 417 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[3] |
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Molar magnetic susceptibility | −99.0·10−6 cm3/mol[4] |
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Young's modulus | 55 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 20 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 42 GPa |
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Mohs hardness | 3.0 |
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Brinell hardness | 294–384 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-36-0 |
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Discovery | Arabic alchemists (before AD 815) |
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Symbol | "Sb": from Latin stibium 'stibnite' |
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Category: Antimony | references |