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User:Immanuelle/Kifune Shrine

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Kifune Shrine
貴船神社 (Kifune Jinja)
Haiden
Religion
AffiliationShinto
DeityKuraokami [en],

Iwanaga-hime [en; simple][1],
Sarutahiko Ōkami [en; fr; simple],
Ajisukitakahikone,
Oyamakui no Kami,
Isuzuyori-hime,
Ukanomitama,
Shitateruhime-no-Mikoto [ja; simple],
Ōkuninushi,

Sukunabikona
Location
Immanuelle/Kifune Shrine is located in Japan
Immanuelle/Kifune Shrine
Shown within Japan
Geographic coordinates35°07′18″N 135°45′46″E / 35.12167°N 135.76278°E / 35.12167; 135.76278
The sandō at Kifune Shrine

Kifune Shrine (貴船神社, Kifune Jinja) is a Shinto shrine located at Kurama Kifune-cho Sakyō-ku [en], Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture Japan.

It is one of the 22 shrines (lower eight shrines) listed in the Engishiki ( Meishin Taisha ). The shrine's former rank was Kanpei-chusha (medium-rank shrine ), and it is currently a beppyo shrine under the Association of Shinto Shrines .

It is the head shrine of the water god, of which there are 2,000 shrines across the country. Unlike the local name Kibune, her name is called Kifune without any muddy sound because she is a water goddess .

overview

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Representing the birthplace of ema

The surrounding area is one of Kyoto's most famous spots for viewing autumn leaves [en; ja].

It is located in a densely forested mountain gorge between Mount Kibune [ja] and Mount Kurama [en; ja] . [2] The Kibune River [ja], located upstream of the Kamo River [en; ja], flows in front of the shrine and is also thought to be the source of the Kamo River [en; ja], which irrigates the city of Kyoto. [2] He has been worshipped as a god of rain since ancient times, and was one of the 85 rain-making shrines ( Engishiki ) during the Heian period . [3] The shrine enshrines the Suijin [en] Kuraokami-no-kami [en], and is worshipped not only by those involved in agriculture and electricity, but also by those involved in the water, food and drink, brewing, dyeing, and bath industries. He is also worshiped as a god of fire prevention and firefighting. [3]

It is said that since ancient times, successive emperors have offered black horses to pray for drought and white horses to pray for long periods of rain; later, instead of live horses, they offered "itatateuma," which are painted boards in the shape of a horse. This became the prototype of modern ema [en; ja], and Kifune Shrine is known as the birthplace of ema. They were later replaced by pictures of horses painted on wood or paper, and during the Edo period, the custom of individuals dedicating small ema to shrines became widespread and popular.

The god of the shrine Suijin [en] Kuraokami-no-kami [en] is also worshipped as the god of matchmaking, and due to his popularity through the novel [ja] and manga Onmyoji [en; ja] ," the shrine is bustling with young couples. On the other hand, he is also worshipped as the god of severing relationships and the god of curses, and is famous for Ushi no toki mairi [en; ja] . However, since it is said that Kibune Myojin descended to Mount Kibune at "the hour of the ox on the day of the ox in the month of the ox in the year of the ox," worshiping and making a wish at the hour of the ox is a way to have one's wishes fulfilled, and this is not the original meaning of the curse. During the Heian period, it was customary to visit Kifune Shrine at night, although it is unclear whether this was at midnight. It is believed that the original meaning has changed over time. [4]

The sacred water comes from Kifune, the source of Kyoto’s water veins, and is drinkable. [5]

History

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The date of its founding is unknown, but the shrine's tradition states that it was founded during the reign of Emperor Hanzei . According to the shrine's legend, it began when Tamayori-hime [en; fr], the mother of Emperor Jimmu, boarded a yellow boat and traveled up the Yodo River [en; ja], Kamo River [en; ja], and Kifune River, landed here, and worshiped the water god. The shrine's name is said to come from the "yellow ship," and the "Mifune-gataishi" stone in the grounds of the inner shrine is said to be the ship covered in pebbles that Tamayorihime came on. It is said that the meaning of "the origin from which ki is born" has evolved into "the root from which ki is born."

The oldest record of reconstruction of the shrine building dates back to 666 . The Nihon Koki records that in 796 , the god of Kifune Shrine appeared in a dream to Fujiwara no Isenhito [ja], who was in charge of the construction of Toji Temple [en; ja], and told him to build Kurama Temple [en; fr; ja] .

The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period.[6]

On May 8, 818, the Imperial Court designated "Takafune Shrine, Atago County, Yamashiro Province" as a major shrine . [7] The Engishiki Jinmyocho also lists it as Myojin Taisha by the same name. It was later designated as one of the 22 shrines, and in 1140 it was bestowed the highest rank of divine rank [en; ja], Shoichii .

In 965, Emperor Murakami [en] ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report important events to the guardian kami of Japan. These heihaku were initially presented to 16 shrines including the Kifune Shrine.[8]

In July of the first year of the Eisho era ( 1046 ), the shrine building was washed away by a flood, and in the third year of the Tenki era ( 1055 ), the shrine building was rebuilt and moved [en; fr; ja] to the current site of the main shrine, with the original location becoming the inner shrine. This shrine has long been considered a branch shrine [en; ja] of Kamo Wakeikazuchi Shrine (Kamigamo Shrine), and there is a theory that this was sparked by the reconstruction of the shrine building in the third year of Tenki. In the early modern period and later, complaints about this continued, and it was not until the Meiji period that it finally became an independent shrine. Until the Edo period, the shrine also worshiped Kamo Wakeikazuchi no Mikoto, the deity of Kamo Wakeikazuchi Shrine.

In 1871 (Meiji 4), under the modern shrine ranking system, it was ranked as a medium-sized shrine with government support as "Takafune Shrine."

From 1871 through 1946, the Kifune Shrine was officially designated one of the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines (官幣中社, Kanpei-chūsha [en]), meaning that it stood in the second rank of government supported shrines.[9]

In 1948 ( Showa 23), it was added to the list of specially listed shrines of the Association of Shinto Shrines .

The shrine is also associated with the Ushi no toki mairi [en], the ritual of wearing candles on one's head and laying a curse at a shrine during the "hour of the Ox", since it is from the resident deity that Hashihime [en] (Princess of the Uji Bridge) learns the prescribed ritual to turn herself into an oni demon to exact vengeance, the story of which is immortalized in the Noh play Kanawa ("The Iron Crown").[10]

Enshrined deities

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Shrine grounds

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Approach to the main shrine
 
Okumiya

The shrine is divided into three parts: the main shrine, the middle shrine, and the inner shrine.

Main Shrine

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Sub-shrines

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Middle Shrine (Yuinoyashiro)

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The Shrine (Yuinoyashiro) is located midway between the main shrine (Hongū) and the inner shrine (Okumiya), 300 meters upstream from the main shrine. Due to its location, it is also called Chūgū (intermediate shrine).[11]

The enshrined deity is Iwanaga-hime [en; simple; de; sv], who is worshipped as the deity of matchmaking. There is a legend explaining why Iwanaga-hime no Mikoto became the deity of matchmaking. When the heavenly grandchild Ninigi-no-Mikoto intended to marry Konohanasakuya-hime [en], her father Ōyamatsumi no Mikoto offered both his daughters, Iwanaga-hime [en; simple; de; sv] and Konohanasakuya-hime [en]. However, Ninigi-no-Mikoto married only Konohanasakuya-hime [en]. Feeling ashamed, Iwanaga-hime said, "I will bestow good relationships as the deity of matchmaking," and settled in this place.[12]

Previously, people would tie the long leaves of grass found within the shrine grounds together to wish for good relationships. However, to protect the plants, it is now customary to write wishes on "Musubi-bumi" (binding letters) distributed at the main shrine and tie them at a designated spot.

Main Shrine (Hongū)

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  • Enshrined Deity: Iwanaga-hime no Mikoto
  • Worship Hall (Haiden)
  • Heavenly Rock Ship (Amano Iwabune): A natural rock shaped like a ship, dedicated in 1996 as "Iwanaga-hime no Mikoto's vessel."
  • Waka Monument of Izumi Shikibu
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yuinoyashiro, Kifune-jinja.
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    Matsuo Iwao Haiku inscription at Yuinoyashiro, Kifune-jinja
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    Sacred tree "Cercidiphyllum japonicum" at Yuinoyashiro, Kifune-jinja
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    Yui-no-yashiro at Kifune-jinja, a shrine dedicated to matchmaking and love
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    Ema (wooden prayer plaques) at Yui-no-yashiro, Kifune-jinja
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    Yui-no-yashiro at Kifune-jinja, a shrine dedicated to matchmaking and love
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    Yui-no-yashiro at Kifune-jinja, a shrine dedicated to matchmaking and love
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    Yui-no-yashiro at Kifune-jinja, a shrine dedicated to matchmaking and love
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    Yui-no-yashiro at Kifune-jinja, a shrine dedicated to matchmaking and love
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    View of Yui-no-yashiro at Kifune-jinja
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    Ame-no-iwafune, sacred rock at Kifune-jinja
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    Ame-no-iwafune, sacred rock at Kifune-jinja
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    Ame-no-iwafune, sacred rock at Kifune-jinja
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    Ame-no-iwafune, sacred rock at Kifune-jinja
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    Izumi-Shikibu-kahi at Kifune-jinja, a monument inscribed with poetry by Izumi Shikibu
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    Izumi-Shikibu-kahi at Kifune-jinja, a monument inscribed with poetry by Izumi Shikibu
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    Izumi Shikibu Tanka inscription at Kifune-jinja
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    Izumi-Shikibu-kahi at Kifune-jinja, a monument inscribed with poetry by Izumi Shikibu

Inner Shrine (Okumiya)

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The Inner Shrine is located 700 meters upstream from the main shrine, and it was previously the main shrine. The enshrined deity is Kuraokami no Kami, who is considered the same deity as Takaokami no Kami.

  • Main Shrine (Honden): Enshrined Deity: Kuraokami no Kami. Rebuilt in 2012. Beneath the main shrine is a dragon cave that no one is allowed to see, said to be one of Japan's three great dragon caves.
  • Worship Hall (Haiden)
  • Worship Site (Haiso)
  • Ship-shaped Stone (Ofune-gata-ishi): Stones stacked to mimic the shape of a ship, said to be a replica of the yellow ship that Tamayori-hime [en] sailed on, surrounded by stones.
  • Divine Gate (Shinmon)

Auxiliary Shrines

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Sub-shrines outside the precincts

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Literature

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The shrine has appeared frequently in literature since ancient times.

Izumi Shikibu
 
Izumi Shikibu Poetry Monument
The poem that Izumi Shikibu wrote when she visited [ja] Kifune Shrine is included in the Goshūi Wakashū [en; ja] . It states that she had been forgotten by her husband ( Fujiwara Yasumasa [ja] ) when she visited Kifune Shrine and wrote this Tanka poem after seeing fireflies flying over the Mitarai River.
“ ものおもへば 沢の蛍も わが身より あくがれいづる 魂（たま）かとぞみる

（意訳：恋しさに悩んでいたら、沢に飛ぶ蛍も私の体から抜け出した魂（たましい）ではないかと見える）

”
The song is: The tanka poem that Kibune Myojin reportedly replied to him:
“ おく山に たぎりて落つる 滝（たき）つ瀬（せ）の 玉ちるばかり ものな思ひそ

（意訳：奥山にたぎり落ちる滝の水玉が飛び散るように、（魂（たましい）が飛び散ってしまうほど）思い悩んではいけない）

”
It is also included in the Goshui Wakashu.
The Shasekishū [en; ja], written in later times, contains a detailed account of the worship that took place at this time. Izumi Shikibu had a shrine maiden perform a matchmaking ritual, and as part of the ritual, the maiden forced Izumi Shikibu to lift the hem of her kimono to expose her genitals . Izumi Shikibu refused, but her husband Yasumasa was watching from behind the shrine and was touched by her attitude, and the couple became happy together after that.
Noh song "Tetsuwan"
The title of a Noh play [en; ja] from the Muromachi period . It is read as "kanawa." The story goes that the first wife holds a grudge against the man who married the Second Wife [en], and when she visits Kifune Shrine, she is told that if she cuts up a piece of red cloth and wraps it around her, paints her face with vermilion [en; ja], places an iron ring on her head, and lights a candle, she will become a demon . The story goes that the man was troubled by nightmares and visited Abe no Seimei [en], where he confronted his first wife who had turned into a demon, and the demon disappeared. There are two theories about this Noh play: one is that it is based on a legend surrounding the "Tetsuwan Well" in Kyoto City, and the other is that it is based on the "Sword Chapter " of the "Tale of the Heike" and the story of " Hashihime of Uji [en; ja] " in the " Taiheiki [en] ."

Fortune slip

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Holy Water

The fortune telling [en; ja] at Kifune Shrine is not done by drawing lots and telling a shrine maiden ; instead, you choose a piece of paper from what appears to be pure white, float it in the sacred spring within the shrine grounds, and your fortune will be revealed by a "water fortune telling." The fortune-telling slips at the shrine really do include a "very bad luck" reading, but the shrine says, "Even if you get a "very bad luck" reading, it doesn't mean that your future life journey has been decided, so we would like you to use it only as a reference ." In addition, the shrine's fortune slips have a QR translator [ja] printed on them, allowing foreign tourists visiting the shrine to read the fortune slip in their own language.

Kifune Shrines throughout Japan

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There are approximately 450 Kifune Shrines (Kifune Shrine, Kifune Shrine, Kifune Shrine, Kifune Shrine, Kifune Shrine, etc.) across Japan that were enshrined [en; simple; fr; ja] from this shrine, and there are over 2,000 shrines that have the same deity and use "Okami" in their name (Akami Shrine, Takaami Shrine [ja], Yamidani Shrine, Okami Shrine, etc.) ( see " Kifune Shrine (disambiguation) [ja] " ).

Nearby and nearby temples

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Pilgrimage route to sacred places of Shinto and Buddhist sites [ja]
103 Kurama Temple [en; fr; ja] - 104 Kifune Shrine - 105 Jakkoin Temple [hu; ja]

Local information

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location

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Traffic access

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  • To get to Kibuneguchi Station, take the Eizan Electric Railway Kurama Line from Demachiyanagi Station or Kyoto City Subway Karasuma Line 's Kokusai Kaikan Station and then Kyoto Bus Route 52, which takes about 25 minutes. For Kyoto Bus Route 52, an additional 170 yen one way is required for those with a one-day bus pass or a one-day subway and bus pass (two-day pass).
  • From Kibuneguchi Station on the Eizan Electric Railway Kurama Line
    • Bus: Kyoto Bus ( Route 33 ) get off at the Kifune bus stop (approximately a 5-minute walk from the bus stop).
      • Buses from Kibuneguchi Station operate all year round. In winter the last bus leaves a little earlier.
  • On foot: Approximately 25 minutes (2.1 km ) one way from Kibuneguchi Station [13]
There is little temporary parking in Kifune, so the shrine recommends visitors use public transportation to visit. In addition, general vehicles with a passenger capacity of 11 or more will be prohibited from using surrounding roads on specified days and at specified times. [14]
 
Kifune riverside terrace
Many travelers combine this sightseeing spot with Kurama Temple [en; fr; ja], allowing them to fully experience the era of Minamoto no Yoshitsune [en; ja] and Benkei . The west gate (Kifuneguchi) of Kurama Temple faces the Kifune River, but the approach to the main halls of Kurama Temple is a mountain path. A typical tour route is to take the nearby Kurama-dera Cable car [en; ja] from Kurama Station [en; ja] on the Eizan Electric Railway Kurama [fr; ja] Line to Sanmon Station [ja] and Tahoto Station [ja], walk from Kurama Temple to Kurama Temple Reihoden and Maouden, then walk down the stream to Kifune Shrine, and then travel to Kifuneguchi Station [ja] on the Eizan Electric Railway Kurama Line.

neighborhood

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There are dozens of ryokan (traditional Japanese inns [en; ja] ) in the area where you can stay overnight. In the summer, a wooden riverside platform [ja] is set up over the Kibune River, where Ayu sweetfish [en] dishes are served.
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Other websites

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cali, Joseph; Dougill, John (2012-11-30). Shinto Shrines: A Guide to the Sacred Sites of Japan's Ancient Religion. University of Hawaii Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-8248-3775-4.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 上田正昭ほか『探訪 神々のふる里 6：平安京の神々』小学館、1982年、161頁。
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 貴船神社 2003.
  4. ↑ "神社だより12号" (Press release). 貴船神社. 1993年12月1日. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "和書" ignored (help)
  5. ↑ 小野芳朗『水の環境史「京の名水」はなぜ失われたか』（PHP新書） PHP研究所、2001年 p.207 ISBN 9784569616186
  6. ↑ Breen, John et al. (2000). Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami, pp. 74-75.
  7. ↑ 『日本紀略』が引用する『日本後紀』巻27、弘仁9年5月辛卯条。新訂増補国史大系普及版『日本紀略』第2（前編下）、307頁。
  8. ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines, pp. 116-117.
  9. ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 126.
  10. ↑ Wakita, Haruko (2006). Women in medieval Japan: motherhood, household management and sexuality. Monash Asia Institute. p. 30. ISBN 4130270338.
  11. ↑ Cali, Joseph; Dougill, John (2012-11-30). Shinto Shrines: A Guide to the Sacred Sites of Japan's Ancient Religion. University of Hawaii Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-8248-3775-4.
  12. ↑ Cali, Joseph; Dougill, John (2012-11-30). Shinto Shrines: A Guide to the Sacred Sites of Japan's Ancient Religion. University of Hawaii Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-8248-3775-4.
  13. ↑ 貴布禰総本宮 貴船神社（ご案内）より。
  14. ↑ おいでやす京の奥座敷 貴船へ（交通アクセス）より。

Sources

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[[Category:Beppyo shrines]] [[Category:Kanpei-chūsha]] [[Category:Twenty-Two Shrines]] [[Category:Myōjin Taisha]] [[Category:Shinto shrines in Kyoto]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]

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