Nihonium

Nihonium, ₀₀Nh
Nihonium
Pronunciation	/nɪˈhoʊniəm/ (nih-HOH-nee-əm)
Mass number	[286]
Nihonium in the periodic table
	copernicium ← nihonium → flerovium
Group	group 13 (boron group)
Period	period 7
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1 (predicted) (predicted)
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3 (predicted)
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid (predicted)
Melting point	700 K (430 °C, 810 °F) (predicted)
Boiling point	1430 K (1130 °C, 2070 °F) (predicted)
Density (near r.t.)	16 g/cm3 (predicted)
Heat of fusion	7.61 kJ/mol (extrapolated)
Heat of vaporization	130 kJ/mol (predicted)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)
Ionization energies	1st: 704.9 kJ/mol (predicted); 2nd: 2240 kJ/mol (predicted); 3rd: 3020 kJ/mol (predicted); (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 170 pm (predicted)
Covalent radius	172–180 pm (extrapolated)
Other properties
Natural occurrence	synthetic
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) ; (extrapolated)
CAS Number	54084-70-7
History
Naming	After Japan (Nihon in Japanese)
Discovery	Riken (Japan, first undisputed claim 2004); JINR (Russia) and Livermore (US, first announcement 2003)
Isotopes of nihonium v; e;
ε	284Cn
SF	–
	Category: Nihonium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Nihonium (ニホニウム) is a chemical element. It is also named eka-thallium. It has the symbol Nh. It has the atomic number 113. It is a transuranium element. The name "nihonium" comes from the name of Japan in Japanese, 日本 (nihon).

Nihonium does not exist in nature, and can only be made artificially. It is made from the alpha decay of moscovium.

There are no known uses for nihonium. What nihonium looks like is not known because not enough has been made to see it with human eyesight. Based on trends in the Periodic Table it could be a soft, silver colored, very reactive metal like sodium.

History

On February 1, 2004, Nihonium and moscovium were discovered. A team of Russian scientists at Dubna from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and American scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory first reported the chemical elements.

On September 28, 2004, a team of Japanese scientists said that they had made the element.^[11]^,^[12]^,^[13]

In May 2006, in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research made nihonium using a different method. They found the identity of the last products of the radioactive decay of the nihonium they made.

Name

Ununtrium was a temporary IUPAC systematic element name meaning "one-one-three" in Latin. Scientists from Japan suggested the name japonium (symbol Jp) or rikenium (Rk).^[14] However, they picked Nihonium because not only is it discovered in Japan, but it means Japan, too, as Nihon is Japan or Japanese in Japanese.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Seaborg, Glenn T. (c. 2006). "transuranium element (chemical element)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Bonchev, Danail; Kamenska, Verginia (1981). "Predicting the Properties of the 113–120 Transactinide Elements". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 85 (9): 1177–1186. doi:10.1021/j150609a021.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
↑ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
↑ Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". In Barysz, Maria; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki (eds.). Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. Vol. 10. Springer. pp. 63–67. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8.
↑ Keller, O. L., Jr.; Burnett, J. L.; Carlson, T. A.; Nestor, C. W., Jr. (1969). "Predicted Properties of the Super Heavy Elements. I. Elements 113 and 114, Eka-Thallium and Eka-Lead". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 74 (5): 1127−1134. doi:10.1021/j100700a029.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; et al. (2016). "Remarks on the Fission Barriers of SHN and Search for Element 120". In Peninozhkevich, Yu. E.; Sobolev, Yu. G. (eds.). Exotic Nuclei: EXON-2016 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Exotic Nuclei. Exotic Nuclei. pp. 155–164. ISBN 9789813226555. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "EXON" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; et al. (2016). "Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120". The European Physics Journal A. 2016 (52). doi:10.1140/epja/i2016-16180-4. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Hofmann2016" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Morita et al., Experiment on the Synthesis of Element 113 in the Reaction ²⁰⁹Bi(⁷⁰Zn, n)²⁷⁸113 Archived 2007-07-05 at the Wayback Machine, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Archived 2007-07-01 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. 73, No.10.
↑ "press release in Japanese". Archived from the original on 2007-03-01. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
↑ Japanese scientists create heaviest ever element
↑ Discovering element 113 Archived 2011-08-12 at the Wayback Machine Riken News. Accessed 23 November 2006.

Other websites

WebElements.com - Nihonium
Uut and Uup Add Their Atomic Mass to Periodic Table Archived 2006-09-07 at the Wayback Machine
Apsidium - Nihonium Archived 2008-06-15 at the Wayback Machine
Discovery of Elements 113 and 115 Archived 2005-06-23 at the Wayback Machine
Discovery of New Superheavy Elements 113 and 115 Archived 2006-12-30 at the Wayback Machine
Superheavy elements
Nihonium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)

This short article about chemistry can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it.

[Haire-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.

[EB-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Seaborg, Glenn T. (c. 2006). "transuranium element (chemical element)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2010-03-16.

[B&K-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Bonchev, Danail; Kamenska, Verginia (1981). "Predicting the Properties of the 113–120 Transactinide Elements". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 85 (9): 1177–1186. doi:10.1021/j150609a021.

[BFricke-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

[Fricke1975-5] Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

[Thayer_pp63-67-6] Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". In Barysz, Maria; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki (eds.). Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. Vol. 10. Springer. pp. 63–67. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8.

[NhFl-7] Keller, O. L., Jr.; Burnett, J. L.; Carlson, T. A.; Nestor, C. W., Jr. (1969). "Predicted Properties of the Super Heavy Elements. I. Elements 113 and 114, Eka-Thallium and Eka-Lead". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 74 (5): 1127−1134. doi:10.1021/j100700a029.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[NUBASE2020-8] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[EXON-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; et al. (2016). "Remarks on the Fission Barriers of SHN and Search for Element 120". In Peninozhkevich, Yu. E.; Sobolev, Yu. G. (eds.). Exotic Nuclei: EXON-2016 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Exotic Nuclei. Exotic Nuclei. pp. 155–164. ISBN 9789813226555. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "EXON" defined multiple times with different content

[Hofmann2016-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Hofmann, S.; Heinz, S.; Mann, R.; Maurer, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Antalic, S.; Barth, W.; et al. (2016). "Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120". The European Physics Journal A. 2016 (52). doi:10.1140/epja/i2016-16180-4. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Hofmann2016" defined multiple times with different content

[11] Morita et al., Experiment on the Synthesis of Element 113 in the Reaction ²⁰⁹Bi(⁷⁰Zn, n)²⁷⁸113 Archived 2007-07-05 at the Wayback Machine, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Archived 2007-07-01 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. 73, No.10.

[12] "press release in Japanese". Archived from the original on 2007-03-01. Retrieved 2019-01-15.

[13] Japanese scientists create heaviest ever element

[14] Discovering element 113 Archived 2011-08-12 at the Wayback Machine Riken News. Accessed 23 November 2006.

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