Wikipedia

List of first ladies of the United States

Honorary hostess of the White House and wife of the president of the United States

This is a list of women who served as the first lady of the United States.

Jill Biden, the current first lady of the United States since January 20, 2021.
See the main article: First Lady of the United States

List of first ladies change

No. Portrait First Lady Tenure Age at tenure start President
1   Martha Washington
June 2, 1731 – May 22, 1802
(aged 70)

[1][2]

 April 30, 1789

– March 4, 1797

57 years, 321 days George Washington

m. January 6, 1759

2   Abigail Adams
November 22, 1744 – October 28, 1818
(aged 73)

[3][4]

 March 4, 1797

– March 4, 1801

52 years, 102 days John Adams

m. October 25, 1764

3   Martha Jefferson
September 27, 1772 – October 10, 1836
(aged 64)

[5][6]

 March 4, 1801

– March 4, 1809

28 years, 158 days Thomas Jefferson

Father [A]

4   Dolley Madison
May 20, 1768 – July 12, 1849
(aged 81)

[7][8]

 March 4, 1809

– March 4, 1817

40 years, 288 days James Madison

m. September 14, 1794

5   Elizabeth Monroe
June 30, 1768 – September 23, 1830
(aged 62)

[9][10]

 March 4, 1817

– March 4, 1825

48 years, 247 days James Monroe

m. February 16, 1786

6   Louisa Adams

February 12, 1775 – May 15, 1852
(aged 77) [11][12]

 March 4, 1825

– March 4, 1829

50 years, 20 days John Quincy Adams

m. July 26, 1797

7   Emily Donelson

June 1, 1807 – December 19, 1836
(aged 29)

[13]

 March 4, 1829

– November 26, 1834

21 years, 276 days Andrew Jackson

Uncle-in-law

  Sarah Jackson

July 16, 1803 – August 23, 1887
(aged 84)

[14]

 November 26, 1834

– March 4, 1837

31 years, 133 days Andrew Jackson

Father-in-law

8 Vacant March 4, 1837

– November 27, 1838

Vacant Martin Van Buren

Widower

  Sarah Van Buren

February 13, 1818 – December 29, 1877
(aged 59) [15][16]

 November 27, 1838

– March 4, 1841

20 years, 287 days Martin Van Buren

Father-in-law

9   Anna Harrison

July 25, 1775 – February 25, 1864
(aged 88) [17][18]

 March 4, 1841

– April 4, 1841

65 years, 222 days William Henry Harrison

m. November 22, 1795

  Jane Harrison

July 23, 1804 – May 11, 1847
(aged 42) [18]

 March 4, 1841

– April 4, 1841

36 years, 224 days William Henry Harrison

Father-in-law

10   Letitia Tyler

November 12, 1790 – September 10, 1842
(aged 51) [19][20]

 April 4, 1841

– September 10, 1842 †

50 years, 143 days John Tyler

m. (1813-03-29)March 29, 1813

  Priscilla Tyler

June 14, 1816 – December 29, 1889
(aged 73) [21]

 September 10, 1842

– June 26, 1844

26 years, 88 days John Tyler

Father-in-law [B]

  Julia Tyler

May 4, 1820 – July 10, 1889
(aged 69) [22][23]

 June 26, 1844

– March 4, 1845

24 years, 53 days John Tyler

m. June 26, 1844
Married while President

11   Sarah Polk

September 4, 1803 – August 14, 1891
(aged 87) [24][25]

 March 4, 1845

– March 4, 1849

41 years, 181 days James K. Polk

m. January 1, 1824

12   Margaret Taylor

September 21, 1788 – August 14, 1852
(aged 63) [26][27]

 March 4, 1849

– July 9, 1850

60 years, 164 days Zachary Taylor

m. June 21, 1810

13   Abigail Fillmore

March 13, 1798 – March 30, 1853
(aged 55) [28][29]

 July 9, 1850

– March 4, 1853

52 years, 118 days Millard Fillmore

m. February 5, 1826

14   Jane Pierce

March 12, 1806 – December 2, 1863
(aged 57) [30][31]

 March 4, 1853

– March 4, 1857

46 years, 357 days Franklin Pierce

m. November 19, 1834

15   Harriet Lane

May 9, 1830 – July 3, 1903
(aged 73) [32][33]

 March 4, 1857

– March 4, 1861

26 years, 299 days James Buchanan

Uncle

16   Mary Todd Lincoln

December 13, 1818 – July 16, 1882
(aged 63) [34][35]

 March 4, 1861

– April 15, 1865

42 years, 81 days Abraham Lincoln

m. November 4, 1842

17   Eliza Johnson

October 4, 1810 – January 15, 1876
(aged 65) [36][37]

 April 15, 1865

– March 4, 1869

54 years, 193 days Andrew Johnson

m. May 17, 1827

18   Julia Grant

January 26, 1826 – December 14, 1902
(aged 76) [38][39]

 March 4, 1869

– March 4, 1877

43 years, 37 days Ulysses S. Grant

m. August 22, 1848

19   Lucy Hayes

August 28, 1831 – June 25, 1889
(aged 57) [40][41]

 March 4, 1877

– March 4, 1881

45 years, 188 days Rutherford B. Hayes

m. December 30, 1852

20   Lucretia Garfield

April 19, 1832 – March 14, 1918
(aged 85) [42][43]

 March 4, 1881

– September 19, 1881

48 years, 319 days James A. Garfield

m. November 11, 1858

21   Mary McElroy

July 5, 1841 – January 8, 1917
(aged 75) [44]

 September 19, 1881

– March 4, 1885

40 years, 76 days Chester A. Arthur

Brother

22   Rose Cleveland

June 13, 1846 – November 22, 1918
(aged 72) [45]

 March 4, 1885

– June 2, 1886

38 years, 264 days Grover Cleveland

Brother

  Frances Cleveland

July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947
(aged 83) [46][47]

 June 2, 1886

– March 4, 1889

21 years, 316 days Grover Cleveland

m. June 2, 1886
Married while President

23   Caroline Harrison

October 1, 1832 – October 25, 1892
(aged 60) [48][49]

 March 4, 1889

– October 25, 1892 †

56 years, 154 days Benjamin Harrison

m. October 20, 1853

  Mary Harrison McKee

April 3, 1858 – October 28, 1930
(aged 72) [49]

 October 25, 1892

– March 4, 1893

34 years, 205 days Benjamin Harrison

Father

24   Frances Cleveland

July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947
(aged 83) [46][47]

 March 4, 1893

– March 4, 1897

28 years, 226 days Grover Cleveland

m. June 2, 1886
Remarried 1913

25   Ida McKinley

June 8, 1847 – May 26, 1907
(aged 59) [50][51]

 March 4, 1897

– September 14, 1901

49 years, 269 days William McKinley

m. January 25, 1871

26   Edith Roosevelt

August 6, 1861 – September 30, 1948
(aged 87) [52][53]

 September 14, 1901

– March 4, 1909

40 years, 39 days Theodore Roosevelt

m. December 2, 1886

27   Helen Taft

June 2, 1861 – May 22, 1943
(aged 81) [54][55]

 March 4, 1909

– March 4, 1913

47 years, 275 days William H. Taft

m. June 19, 1886

28   Ellen Wilson

May 15, 1860 – August 6, 1914
(aged 54) [56][57]

 March 4, 1913

– August 6, 1914 †

52 years, 293 days Woodrow Wilson

m. June 24, 1885

  Margaret Wilson

April 16, 1886 – February 12, 1944
(aged 57) [57][58]

 August 6, 1914

– December 18, 1915

28 years, 112 days Woodrow Wilson

Father

  Edith Wilson

October 15, 1872 – December 28, 1961
(aged 89) [59][60]

 December 18, 1915

– March 4, 1921

43 years, 64 days Woodrow Wilson

m. December 18, 1915
Married while President

29   Florence Harding

August 15, 1860 – November 21, 1924
(aged 64) [61][62]

 March 4, 1921

– August 2, 1923

60 years, 201 days Warren G. Harding

m. July 8, 1891

30   Grace Coolidge

January 3, 1879 – July 8, 1957
(aged 78) [63][64]

 August 2, 1923

– March 4, 1929

44 years, 211 days Calvin Coolidge

m. October 4, 1905

31   Lou Hoover

March 29, 1874 – January 7, 1944
(aged 69) [65][66]

 March 4, 1929

– March 4, 1933

54 years, 340 days Herbert Hoover

m. February 10, 1899

32   Eleanor Roosevelt

October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962
(aged 78) [67][68]

 March 4, 1933

– April 12, 1945

48 years, 144 days Franklin D. Roosevelt

m. March 17, 1905

33   Bess Truman

February 13, 1885 – October 18, 1982
(aged 97) [69][70]

 April 12, 1945

– January 20, 1953

60 years, 58 days Harry S. Truman

m. June 28, 1919

34   Mamie Eisenhower

November 14, 1896 – November 1, 1979
(aged 82) [71][72]

 January 20, 1953

– January 20, 1961

56 years, 67 days Dwight D. Eisenhower

m. July 1, 1916

35   Jacqueline Kennedy

July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994
(aged 64) [73][74]

 January 20, 1961

– November 22, 1963

31 years, 176 days John F. Kennedy

m. September 12, 1953
Remarried 1968

36   Lady Bird Johnson

December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007
(aged 94) [75][76]

 November 22, 1963

– January 20, 1969

50 years, 335 days Lyndon B. Johnson

m. November 17, 1934

37   Pat Nixon

March 16, 1912 – June 22, 1993
(aged 81) [77][78]

 January 20, 1969

– August 9, 1974

56 years, 310 days Richard Nixon

m. June 21, 1940

38   Betty Ford

April 8, 1918 – July 8, 2011
(aged 93) [79][80]

 August 9, 1974

– January 20, 1977

56 years, 123 days Gerald Ford

m. October 15, 1948

39   Rosalynn Carter

August 18, 1927 – November 19, 2023
(aged 96) [81][82]

 January 20, 1977

– January 20, 1981

49 years, 155 days Jimmy Carter

m. July 7, 1946

40   Nancy Reagan

July 6, 1921 – March 6, 2016
(aged 94) [83][84]

 January 20, 1981

– January 20, 1989

59 years, 203 days Ronald Reagan

m. March 4, 1952

41   Barbara Bush

June 8, 1925 – April 17, 2018
(aged 92) [85][86]

 January 20, 1989

– January 20, 1993

63 years, 226 days George H. W. Bush

m. January 6, 1945

42   Hillary Clinton

Born (1947-10-26) October 26, 1947 (age 76) [87][88]

 January 20, 1993

– January 20, 2001

45 years, 86 days Bill Clinton

m. October 11, 1975

43   Laura Bush

Born (1946-11-04) November 4, 1946 (age 77) [89][90]

 January 20, 2001

– January 20, 2009

54 years, 77 days George W. Bush

m. November 5, 1977

44   Michelle Obama

Born (1964-01-17) January 17, 1964 (age 60) [91][92]

 January 20, 2009

– January 20, 2017

45 years, 3 days Barack Obama

m. October 3, 1992

45   Melania Trump

Born (1970-04-26) April 26, 1970 (age 53) [93][94]

 January 20, 2017

– January 20, 2021

46 years, 269 days Donald Trump

m. January 22, 2005

46   Jill Biden

Born (1951-06-03) June 3, 1951 (age 72) [95]

 January 20, 2021

– current

69 years, 231 days Joe Biden

m. June 17, 1977

List of living former first ladies change

  •  
    Hillary Clinton
    served from 1993 to 2001
    Born (1947-10-26)October 26, 1947
    (age 76 years, 152 days)
  •  
    Laura Bush
    served from 2001 to 2009
    Born (1946-11-04)November 4, 1946
    (age 77 years, 143 days)
  •  
    Michelle Obama
    served from 2009 to 2017
    Born (1964-01-17)January 17, 1964
    (age 60 years, 69 days)
  •  
    Melania Trump
    served from 2017 to 2021
    Born (1970-04-26)April 26, 1970
    (age 53 years, 335 days)

Notes change

  1. ↑ Jefferson's spouse, Martha Jefferson, died before he became president. Their daughter, Martha, is considered first lady by the White House Historical Association.
  2. ↑ Robert and Priscilla Tyler left the White House for Philadelphia in March 1844, knowing that Julia Gardiner Tyler was set to marry the president and become the new White House hostess.[source?] President Tyler's daughter, Letitia Tyler-Semple, saw to White House social affairs until the wedding.[source?] This meant during President Tyler's one term as president, four ladies served as First Lady, though two were in that role unofficially.[source?] Semple served in this role from March to June 1844.[source?]

References change

  1. ↑ "Biography of Martha Washington". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  2. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Martha Washington". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  3. ↑ "Biography of Abigail Adams". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  4. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Abigail Adams". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  5. ↑ Cite error: The named reference WH-MarthaJeff was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  6. ↑ Cite error: The named reference NFLL-MarthaJeff was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  7. ↑ "Biography of Dolley Madison". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  8. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Dolley Madison". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  9. ↑ "Biography of Elizabeth Monroe". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  10. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Elizabeth Monroe". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  11. ↑ "Biography of Louisa Adams". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  12. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  13. ↑ "Emily Donelson". WHHA. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  14. ↑ "First Ladies Never Married to Presidents: Sarah Jackson". www.firstladies.org. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  15. ↑ Cite error: The named reference WH-Hannahvan was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  16. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Hannah Van Buren". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  17. ↑ "Biography of Anna Harrison". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "First Lady Biography: Anna Harrison". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  19. ↑ "Biography of Letitia Tyler". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  20. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Letitia Tyler". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  21. ↑ "Letitia Tyler Biography :: National First Ladies' Library". Firstladies.org. December 28, 1907. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  22. ↑ "Biography of Julia Tyler". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  23. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Julia Tyler". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  24. ↑ "Biography of Sarah Polk". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  25. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Sarah Polk". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  26. ↑ "Biography of Margaret Taylor". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  27. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Margaret Taylor". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  28. ↑ "Biography of Abigail Fillmore". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  29. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Abigail Fillmore". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  30. ↑ "Biography of Jane Pierce". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  31. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Jane Pierce". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  32. ↑ "Biography of Harriet Lane". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  33. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Harriet Lane". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  34. ↑ "Biography of Mary Lincoln". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  35. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  36. ↑ "Biography of Eliza McCardle Johnson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  37. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Eliza Johnson". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  38. ↑ "Biography of Julia Grant". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  39. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Julia Grant". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  40. ↑ "Biography of Lucy Hayes". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  41. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Lucy Hayes". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  42. ↑ "Biography of Lucretia Garfield". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  43. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Lucretia Garfield". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  44. ↑ "Mary Arthur McElroy, White House hostess for President Chester Arthur". loc.gov. Library of Congress. 1885. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  45. ↑ Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Cleveland, Grover" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "Biography of Frances Cleveland". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "First Lady Biography: Frances Cleveland". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  48. ↑ "Biography of Caroline Harrison". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "First Lady Biography: Caroline Harrison". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  50. ↑ "Biography of Ida McKinley". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  51. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Ida McKinley". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  52. ↑ "Biography of Edith Roosevelt". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  53. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Edith Roosevelt". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  54. ↑ "Biography of Helen Taft". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  55. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Helen Taft". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  56. ↑ "Biography of Ellen Wilson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "First Lady Biography: Ellen Wilson". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  58. ↑ "First Lady - Ellen Wilson". C-SPAN.
  59. ↑ "Biography of Edith Wilson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  60. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Edith Wilson". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  61. ↑ "Biography of Florence Harding". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  62. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Florence Harding". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  63. ↑ "Biography of Grace Coolidge". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  64. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Grace Coolidge". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  65. ↑ "Biography of Lou Hoover". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  66. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Lou Hoover". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  67. ↑ "Biography of Eleanor Roosevelt". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  68. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Eleanor Roosevelt". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  69. ↑ "Biography of Bess Truman". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  70. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Bess Truman". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  71. ↑ "Biography of Mamie Eisenhower". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  72. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Mamie Eisenhower". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  73. ↑ "Biography of Jacqueline Kennedy". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  74. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Jackie Kennedy". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 23, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  75. ↑ "Biography of Lady Bird Johnson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  76. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Lady Bird Johnson". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  77. ↑ "Biography of Pat Nixon". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  78. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Pat Nixon". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  79. ↑ "Biography of Betty Ford". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  80. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Betty Ford". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  81. ↑ "Biography of Rosalynn Carter". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  82. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Rosalynn Carter". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  83. ↑ "Biography of Nancy Reagan". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  84. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Nancy Reagan". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  85. ↑ "Biography of Barbara Bush". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  86. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Barbara Bush". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  87. ↑ "Biography of Hillary Clinton". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  88. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Hillary Clinton". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  89. ↑ "Biography of Laura Bush". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  90. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Laura Bush". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  91. ↑ "Biography of Michelle Obama". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  92. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Michelle Obama". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  93. ↑ "Biography of Melania Trump". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2017 – via National Archives.
  94. ↑ "First Lady Biography: Melania Trump". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  95. ↑ "Biography of Jill Biden". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2021 – via National Archives.
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