Wikipedia

Red Sea crisis

Houthi involvement in the Israel–Hamas war

The Red Sea crisis is an ongoing armed conflict in the Middle East.[5][11][12] It is also known as the United States–Houthi conflict or United States–Iran proxy war.[13][14][15] The crisis began on 19 October 2023 after attacks by the Houthi movement. The Houthis are a Shia Islamist insurgent group who control parts of Yemen and are backed by Iran. These attacks target Southern Israel. The Houthis also target ships in the Red Sea that they claimed are linked to Israel or its allies (particularly the United States and United Kingdom).[16][17][18][19]

Red Sea crisis
Part of spillover of the Israel–Hamas war, Iran–United States proxy conflict

Houthi attacks on commercial ships in the Bab-el-Mandeb strait
DateOctober 2023–present
Location
Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Yemen
Status

Ongoing[5]

Belligerents
Houthi Houthi
 Iran[1]
 Hezbollah[1]
Iraq Islamic Resistance in Iraq
Supported by:
 North Korea (alleged)[2]		 Main combatants
 United States
 Israel
 United Kingdom
 •  Cayman Islands
 France
 Egypt
 India
 Pakistan[3]
Others
 Australia
 Bahamas
 Bahrain
 Canada
 Denmark
 Gabon
 Germany
 Greece
 Hong Kong
 Italy
 Liberia
 Malta
 Marshall Islands
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 Norway
 Panama
 Saudi Arabia
 Seychelles
 Singapore
 Sri Lanka[4]
Commanders and leaders
Units involved
  • United States United States Armed Forces
  • United Kingdom British Armed Forces
  • Israel Israel Defense Forces
  • France French Armed Forces
  • Italy Italian Armed Forces
  • India Indian Armed Forces
  • Pakistan Pakistan Armed Forces
  • Egypt Egyptian Armed Forces
    • Units involved:
    Civilian Ships (Non-combatant)
    • Ships:
      • The Bahamas-Japan Galaxy Leader
      • Malta-Singapore CMA CGM Symi
      • The Bahamas Unity Explorer
      • Panama Number 9
      • Panama-Japan Sophie II
      • Norway Strinda
      • Marshall Islands-Bermuda Ardmore Encounter
      • Singapore Maersk Gibraltar
      • Liberia Al Jasrah
      • Liberia-Switzerland MSC Palatium III
      • Cayman Islands-Norway Swan Atlantic
      • Panama-Switzerland MSC Clara
      • Norway Blaamanen
      • Gabon Saibaba
      • Liberia-Netherlands-Japan Chem Pluto
      • Liberia MSC United VIII
      • Singapore Maersk Hangzhou
      • Greece St. Nikolas
      • Marshall Islands-United States Gibraltar Eagle
      • Malta-Greece Zografia
      • Marshall Islands-United States Genco Picardi
      • Marshall Islands-United States Chem Ranger
    Casualties and losses
    43 Houthis killed, 22+ injured[7][8] United States 2 Navy SEALs killed[9]
    United States 2 MQ-9 Reaper drones shot down.
    1 Yemeni[10], 1 Vietnamese and 2 Filipinos killed
    1 ship and 25 crew members captured
    Six Egyptian civilians injured
    One UK-owned cargo ship sunk.

    Timeline change

    October 2023 change

    On 19 October 2023, the Houthis launched three land-attack cruise missiles as well as multiple drones towards Israel. According to the U.S. government, these were all shot down by the USS Carney, a destroyer in the United States Navy.[16] This was the first action by the U.S. military to defend Israel during the Israel–Hamas war. Later, it was reported that the Carney had actually shot down four missiles and 15 drones.[20] This action is considered the beginning of the Red Sea Crisis. Later in the day, Saudi Arabia shot down another missile launched by Houthi.[21]

    On 27 October, the Houthis fired two drones from the southern Red Sea towards the north. The Israeli military stated the drones were targeted at Israel. One of the two drones fell short, hitting a building next to a hospital in Taba, Egypt. Six people were injured. The other drone fell short and hit near an electricity plant close to the town of Nuweiba, Egypt.[22][23][24] After the drone struck Taba, an official for Houthi posted one-word on X; "Eilat". Eilat is the name of a city in Israel.[25][19]

    On 31 October, Houthi attempted a long-range attack on Israel. Houthi launched a ballistic missile and multiple cruise missiles. Israel's Arrow System shot down the ballistic missile. The Israeli Air Force shot down the cruise missiles over the Red Sea. One of the cruise missiles was shot down by an Israeli F-35i Adir fighter jet.[26] This engagement was the first use of the Arrow System during the Israel–Hamas war.[27] The Israeli government also said the interception of the ballistic missile took place above Earth's atmosphere above the Negev Desert. This made it the first instance of space warfare in history.[28][19]

    November 2023 change

    On 1 November, the Israeli military shot down missile fired by Houthi. Houthi had fired the missile towards the city of Eilat, Israel.[29][19]

    On 8 November 2023, Houthi air defenses shot down an American MQ-9 Reaper drone. This resulted in the first American loss of the conflict.[30]

    On 9 November, the Houthis fired yet another missile toward the city of Eilat.[31] The missile was shot down by an Israeli Arrow 3 missile. This marked the first time an Arrow 3 missile had been used to shoot down an enemy missile.[32]

    On 14 November, the Houthis fired multiple missiles towards Israel. This included one missile aimed at the city of Eilat. The missiles were shot down by Israeli Arrow missiles.[33]

    On 15 November, Houthi launched an attack on the USS Thomas Hudner, a destroyer in the United States Navy. The drone was heading towards the destroyer. In self-defense, the Thomas Hudner shot down the Houthi drone.[34][19]

    On 22 November, Houthi once again fired a cruise missile towards the city of Eilat. The missile was shot down by an F35 fighter aircraft in the Israeli Air Force.[35]

    On 23 November, Houthi attacked the USS Thomas Hudner again. Houthi launched a series of attack drones towards the Thomas Hudner. All of the drones were shot down, causing no damage to the ship.[36]

    On 24 November, Iran attacked the Malta-flagged container ship, CMA CGM Symi. The Iranian military launched a drone towards the ship. The drone was shot down by an Israeli Air Force fighter jet.[37] A drone was shot down over the Red Sea by an IDF fighter jet.[38]

    On 29 November, the USS Carney engaged and shot down a Houthi KAS-04. Houthi launched the drone towards the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait.[39]

    On 30 November, Saudia Arabia reported that Israel had conducted a military strike against Houthi. The airstrike occurred in Sana'a, the capital of Yemen. Saudia Arabia reported that Israel had struck a Houthi weapons depot. This was denied by Houthi and they reported the Israeli airstrike hit a gas station.[40]

    December 2023 change

    On 6 December, Houthi launched military strikes against the Israeli military in the city of Eilat. Houthi launched multiple ballistic missiles towards the Israeli military. None of the missiles hit the military. Also on 6 December, the USS Mason shot down a drone launched by Houthi. The USS Mason is a destroyer in the United States Navy.[41]

    On 10 December, the Languedoc, a frigate in the French Navy, shot down two drones launched by Houthi.[42]

    On 16 December, the United States Navy shot down 14 drones launched by Houthi.[43] On the same day, the Egyptian Air Defense Forces, a branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces, shot down a object flying around the town of Dahab, Egypt.[44]

    On 18 December, the Indian military deployed the INS Kolkata to the Gulf of Aden. The INS Kolkata is a destroyer in the Indian Navy. It was deployed for maritime security. The INS Kochi, another destroyer, was already deployed in the region to stop pirates.[45]

    On 26 December, Houthi conducted a series of drone strikes against Israel. Drone strikes were reported over Eilat and other parts of Israel.[46] The United States military shot down 12 Houthi drones. They also shot down five missiles fired by Houthi. Israel also shot down an object launched by Houthi over the Red Sea.[47]

    January 2024 change

    See also: Operation Poseidon Archer
     
    Tomahawk missiles being launched from a U.S. destroyer on 12 January

    On 2 January 2024, the Iranan-backed Houthi movement launched two anti-ship ballistic missiles towards commercial ships in the southern Red Sea.[48] The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) conducted an analysis of the attacks and reported the target of the attack was the Malta-flagged container ship CMA CGM TAGE.[49][50] The missiles landed in the water near the ship, causing no damage.[51] Houthi claimed the CMA CGM TAGE was heading towards Israel, but it was actually heading towards Egypt.[49]

    On 6 January, Houthi launched an attack on the USS Laboon. The Laboon is a destroyer in the United States Navy. Three days later on 9 January, Houthi launched a series of drones and missiles at dozens of merchant ships. This caused the United States Navy and the United Kingdom's Navy to respond.

    On 9 January 2024, Houthi forces launched 18 one-way suicide drones, two anti-ship cruise missiles, and one anti-ship ballistic missile at dozens of civilian-operated merchant vessels in the Red Sea.[52][53] These were all shot down by a combined United States and United Kingdom naval force.[54][55] No damage was reported to any ships.[56]

    On 11 January, Houthi failed an attack on the commercial shipping lanes in the Red Sea. Also during the day, the Iranian Navy seized control of the Marshall Islands-flagged, United States-controlled and Greek-operated civilian oil tanker St Nikolas.[57] In the evening of 11 January, The United States seized control and later sunk an Iranian dhow. The dhow was transporting supplies to the Houthi movement. The operation resulted in the entire crew of the vessel being captured. Two U.S. Navy SEALs (or soldiers) were lost at sea. This is the first and currently only casualties the United States suffered during the crisis.[58][59] On 11 January 2024, the Iranan-backed Houthi movement launched one anti-ship ballistic missiles towards commercial ships in the Gulf of Aden.[60] One commercial ship saw the missile hit the water and reported there was no damage caused by it. This was the 27th attack by Houthi since October 2023.[61][62]

    On 12 January, a coalition launch a large-scale missile attack against the Houthi movement in Yemen.[63][64] The coalition consisted of the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Bahrain, Canada and the Netherlands. This attack was the first attack of Operation Poseidon Archer. While retaliating for the airstrikes, Houthi mistakenly targeted the Panama-flagged oil tanker M/T Khalissa. The ship which was carrying oil towards the Russian port of Ust-Luga.[65][66]

    On 14 January, the Iranian backed Houthi movement attacked the USS Laboon, an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer in the United States Navy.[67][68] At about 4:45 p.m. (Sanaa time), the Houthis launched an anti-ship cruise missile towards the Laboon, which was sailing on the Red Sea.[16][51] This missile was shot down by an American fighter jet around the coast of Al Hudaydah.[16][51] There was no damage or injuries as a result of this attack, which occurred just over a week after another attack on the USS Laboon.[16] This attack was also the first U.S.-acknowledged attack by the Houthis since a devastating series of airstrikes by the United States and United Kingdom two days earlier.[16]

    On 15 January, the Iranian-backed Houthi movement attacked the Marshall Islands-flagged, United States-owned and operated bulk carrier Gibraltar Eagle.[69][70][71] At around 4 p.m. Sanaa time, Houthi launched an anti-ship ballistic missile towards the Gibraltar Eagle.[16][51] This missile hit the Gibraltar Eagle and caused damage and a fire onboard.[16][51] Shortly after the attack, Eagle Bulk Shipping, the company that owns the Gibraltar Eagle reported that the ship sustained damage to the cargo hold, but the situation on board was stable.[71][72]

    On 16 January 2024, during the Red Sea Crisis, the Iranian-backed Houthi movement attacked the Maltese-flagged, Greek-owned bulk carrier Zografia in the southern Red Sea.[73][74] At about 1:45 p.m. Sanaa time, Houthi launched an anti-ship ballistic missile towards the Zografia.[16] The Zografia was struck by the missile, causing damage to the ship.[75] The damage was minor enough for the Zografia to continue their journey.[16][76]

    Houthi brigadier general Yahya Saree posted that the Zografia was fired on because it refused to answer warning calls and was on its way to an Israeli port.[77][78] The Zografia reported that it was heading for Suez, Egypt, not Israel.[77]

    On 17 January, the Iranian-backed Houthi movement attacked the Marshall Islands-flagged, United States-owned and operated bulk carrier Genco Picardy in the Gulf of Aden.[79][80][51] According to the United States military, a one-way suicide unmanned aircraft system struck the Genco Picardy at approximately 8:30 pm Sanaa time. The Genco Picardy sustained damage, but remained seaworthy and could continue its journey.[51][16]

    On 17 January, Houthi launched a one-way suicide drone and struck the Marshall Islands-flagged, United States-owned and operated bulk carrier Genco Picardy in the Gulf of Aden.[79][80]

    February 2024 change

    On 3 February, the US and UK bombed 36 Houthi sites in Yemen.[81]

    On 10 February, Houthi media announced the names of 17 fighters who were killed in the US-UK strikes.[82]

    On 19 February, Houthis claimed they shot down an MQ-9 Reaper drone over the Red Sea. US officials said it's true and added that the drone belonged to the US Air Force and crashed off the coast of Hodeidah.[83]

    On 20 February, France announced that one of its warships shot down two Houthi UAVs over the Red Sea.[84]

    On 22 February, The Houthis launched drones and ballistic missiles aimed at Eilat and an American destroyer in the Red Sea, but authorities reported that none hit their targets. However, two missiles fired by the Houthis struck a cargo ship named Islander, which carries the flag of Palau. This caused a fire and injured one sailor, but the ship continued its journey.[85][86] Houthi leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi stated that operations in the Red Sea and nearby waters were ongoing, growing, and effective. He also announced the use of "submarine weapons," though he did not provide more details on it.[87]

    On 24 February, the United States and the United Kingdom carried out their fourth round of joint airstrikes, targeting 18 Houthi sites spread across eight locations. The British Ministry of Defense reported that four Royal Air Force Typhoon fighter jets, with support from two Voyager tankers, were involved in the airstrikes. According to the Houthis' official news agency, the attacks resulted in the death of one civilian and injuries to eight others. This was the first civilian casualties during these joint airstrikes that are conducted by the US and UK on Houthi-ruled territory in Yemen.[88]

    On 26 February, the German frigate Hessen launched two SM-2 missiles at an American Reaper drone in a friendly fire incident. The missiles missed their target, falling into the sea.[89]

    March 2024 change

    On 4 March, Houthi Telecommunication Minister Misfer Al-Numair stated that ships entering Yemeni waters must have a permit from the Houthi-controlled Maritime Affairs Authority.[90]

    Notes change

    Related pages change

    References change

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nakhoul, Samia; Hafezi, Parisa (20 January 2024). "Iranian and Hezbollah commanders help direct Houthi attacks in Yemen" (News article). Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
    2. ↑ ""후티 반군이 이스라엘 향해 쏜 미사일 파편에 한글 표기"". Yonhap (in Korean). 5 January 2024.
    3. ↑ "Pakistan deploys warships in Arabian Sea following recent Houthi attacks". Arab News. 7 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
    4. ↑ Mallawarachi, Bharatha (9 January 2024). "Sri Lanka to join US-led naval operations against Houthi rebels in Red Sea". ABC News. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Partington, Richard (3 January 2024). "What is the Red Sea crisis, and what does it mean for global trade?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
    6. ↑ Solomon, Jay (15 January 2024). "Iran's Revolutionary Guard deployed in Yemen". Semafor. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
    7. ↑ "Houthis say 1 civilian killed, 6 injured in US-UK strikes". Anadolu Agency. 25 February 2024. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
    8. ↑ "US-British forces strike Houthi targets, killing 11: Report". Middle East Eye.
    9. ↑ "Two US Navy Seals declared dead after raid to seize Iranian weapons bound for Houthis". The Guardian. 22 January 2024. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
    10. ↑ "32 Houthis Killed in Western Airstrikes in One Month". 11 February 2024.
    11. ↑ LaRocco, Lori Ann (3 January 2024). "Red Sea crisis boosts shipping costs, delays – and inflation worries". CNBC. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
    12. ↑ Wintour, Patrick. "Red Sea crisis: UN security council demands immediate end to Houthi attacks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
    13. ↑ Sanger, David E.; Barnes, Julian E.; Yee, Vivian; Rubin, Alissa J. (January 2024). "U.S. and Iran Wage a Proxy War" (News article). The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
    14. ↑ "Red Sea crisis boosts shipping costs, delays – and inflation worries". CNBC. 3 January 2024. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
    15. ↑ "Ships rerouted by Red Sea crisis face overwhelmed African ports | Reuters". Reuters. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
    16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 Copp, Tara; Baldor, Lolita (19 October 2023). "US military shoots down missiles and drones as it faces growing threats in volatile Middle East". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
    17. ↑ "US Navy helicopters fire at Yemen's Houthi rebels and kill several in latest Red Sea shipping attack". Associated Press. 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
    18. ↑ Wintour, Patrick (13 January 2024). "How Houthi anger with Israel is reshaping the Middle East conflict". The Observer. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
    19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Joyce, Elijah (21 February 2024). "Timeline of the Red Sea Crisis (October — December 2023)" (History timeline). Medium. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
    20. ↑ Liebermann, Oren (20 October 2023). "Incident involving US warship intercepting missiles near Yemen lasted 9 hours". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
    21. ↑ "IntelBrief: Houthi Involvement in Mideast War Hinders Prospects for a Yemen Settlement". The Soufan Center. 8 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
    22. ↑ Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed; Williams, Dan (27 October 2023). "Drone blasts hit two Egyptian Red Sea towns, Israel points to Houthi". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
    23. ↑ "Blasts hit two Egyptian Red Sea towns near Israel border, six injured". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
    24. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (27 October 2023). "Missile that hit Egypt likely came from Yemen, IDF indicates; 2nd Sinai impact reported". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
    25. ↑ "Yemen's Houthi rebels appear to threaten Israel: 'Eilat'". The Times of Israel. 28 October 2023. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
    26. ↑ Malyasov, Dylan (2 November 2023). "Israel shoots down Houthi cruise missiles using F-35i Adir fighter jets". Defence Blog. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
    27. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (1 November 2023). "In first, Arrow downs Eilat-bound missile from 'Red Sea area'; Houthis claim attack". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
    28. ↑ Barber, Harriet (4 November 2023). "How Israel shot down a ballistic missile in space for the first time". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
    29. ↑ "Houthis Claim Responsibility for Attack on Israel". Asharq Al-Awsat. 1 November 2023. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
    30. ↑ Watson, Eleanor (8 November 2023). "U.S. MQ-9 Drone shot down off the coast of Yemen". CBS News. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
    31. ↑ "Israel strikes Syria after drone hits southern Eilat city – Israeli military". Reuters. 9 November 2023. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
    32. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (9 November 2023). "Israel's Arrow 3 has made its 1st-ever interception, downing likely Yemen-fired missile". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
    33. ↑ "Yemen's Houthis say they fired ballistic missiles towards Israel". Al Jazeera English. 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
    34. ↑ Watson, Eleanor; Martin, David (15 November 2023). "U.S. Navy warship shoots down drone fired from Yemen". CBS News. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
    35. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (22 November 2023). "IDF says it shot down cruise missile — apparently fired by Houthis — over Red Sea". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
    36. ↑ Irwin, Lauren (23 November 2023). "US warship shoots down multiple 'attack drones' in Red Sea". The Hill. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
    37. ↑ Gambrell, Jon (25 November 2023). "An Israeli-owned ship was targeted in suspected Iranian attack in Indian Ocean, US official tells AP". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
    38. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (25 November 2023). "IDF says it shot down a drone over Red Sea heading toward Eilat". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
    39. ↑ Baldor, Lolita (29 November 2023). "US Navy warship shoots down a drone launched by Houthis from Yemen". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
    40. ↑ "Israeli strike behind blast at Houthi weapons depot in Yemen's capital — report". The Times of Israel. 1 December 2023. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
    41. ↑ "Yemen's Houthis say they launched ballistic missiles at Israel". Reuters. 6 December 2023. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
    42. ↑ "French naval ship in Red Sea intercepts 2 drones launched from Houthi-held Yemen port". The Times of Israel. Agence France-Presse. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
    43. ↑ "US, UK forces down 15 drones over Red Sea as Houthis vow to keep up attacks on Israel". The Times of Israel. 16 December 2023. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
    44. ↑ "Egypt forces intercept, down flying object off Dahab coast". Ahram Online. 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
    45. ↑ Gupta, Shishir (19 December 2023). "India stations two destroyers off the coast of Aden for maritime security". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
    46. ↑ "Houthis say they carried out drone attack on Israeli port of Eilat". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
    47. ↑ "US shoots down 12 Houthi attack drones, 5 missiles; Israeli jet downs Eilat-bound UAV". The Times of Israel. 26 December 2023. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
    48. ↑ United States Department of Defense (2 January 2024). "Press Release on January 2, 2024" (Post on 𝕏). 𝕏 (Formerly Twitter). United States Central Command (CENTCOM): United States federal government. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024. On Jan. 2, at approximately 9:30 p.m. (Sanaa time), Iranian-backed Houthis fired two anti-ship ballistic missiles from Houthi controlled areas in Yemen into the Southern Red Sea. Multiple commercial ships in the area reported the impact of the ASBMs into the surrounding water though none have reported any damage.
    49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Jhaveri, Ashka; Parry, Andie; Ganzeveld, Annika; Braverman, Alexandra; Soltani, Amin; Mills, Peter; Moore, Johanna; Carter, Brian (3 January 2024). "Iran Update, January 3, 2024" (Analysis). Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
    50. ↑ "Houthi rebels have attacked CMA CGM ship". Shipping Watch. 4 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
    51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 51.6 United States Department of Defense (17 January 2024). "Press Release on January 17, 2024" (Post on 𝕏). 𝕏 (Formerly Twitter). United States Central Command (CENTCOM): United States federal government. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
    52. ↑ Gambrell, Jon (10 January 2024). "Yemen's Houthis launch their largest Red Sea drone and missile attack, though no damage is reported" (News article). AP News. Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Associated Press. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024. Yemen's Houthi rebels fired their largest-ever barrage of drones and missiles targeting shipping in the Red Sea, forcing the United States and British navies to shoot down the projectiles in a major naval engagement, authorities said Wednesday...The attack by the Iranian-backed Houthis...
    53. ↑ "US, UK forces shoot down Houthi missiles, drones in Red Sea -US military". Reuters. 9 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
    54. ↑ United States Department of Defense (9 January 2024). "Houthi Attack on International Shipping" (Post on 𝕏). 𝕏 (formerly Twitter). United States federal government. Retrieved 10 January 2024. On Jan. 9, at approximately 9:15 p.m. (Sanaa time), Iranian-backed Houthis launched a complex attack of Iranian designed one-way attack UAVs (OWA UAVs), anti-ship cruise missiles, and an anti-ship ballistic missile from Houthi-controlled areas of Yemen into the Southern Red Sea, towards international shipping lanes where dozens of merchant vessels were transiting. Eighteen OWA UAVs, two anti-ship cruise missiles, and one anti-ship ballistic missile were shot down by a combined effort of F/A-18s from USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69), USS Gravely (DDG 107), USS Laboon (DDG 58), USS Mason (DDG 87), and the United Kingdom's HMS Diamond (D34). This is the 26th Houthi attack on commercial shipping lanes in the Red Sea since Nov. 19. There were no injuries or damage reported.
    55. ↑ "Houthi militias launch biggest attack to date on merchant vessels in Red Sea". CNBC. 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
    56. ↑ "Yemen's Houthi rebels launch drone and missile attack on Red Sea shipping, though no damage reported". ABC News. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
    57. ↑ Choukeir, Jana; Elimam, Ahmed (11 January 2024). "Iran seizes oil tanker involved in US-Iran dispute in Gulf of Oman - state media" (News article). Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
    58. ↑ Gambrell, Jon; Becatoros, Elena; Copp, Tara (16 January 2024). "US military seizes Iranian missile parts bound for Houthi rebels in raid where 2 SEALs went missing" (News article). AP News. Jerusalem: Associated Press. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
    59. ↑ United States Department of Defense (16 January 2024). "USCENTCOM Seizes Iranian Advanced Conventional Weapons Bound for Houthis" (Press release). U.S. Central Command. United States Central Command (CENTCOM): United States federal government. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
    60. ↑ United States Department of Defense (11 January 2024). "US CENTCOM Statement on 27th Houthi attack on commercial shipping lanes in the Red Sea" (Press release). U.S. Central Command. United States Central Command (CENTCOM): United States federal government. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
    61. ↑ "U.S., British strikes on Houthis come after rebels' 27th attack on shipping". NBC News. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
    62. ↑ "27th Houthi Attack on Commercial Shipping". National Review. 11 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
    63. ↑ Baldor, Lolita C.; Copp, Tara (11 January 2024). "US, British militaries launch massive retaliatory strike against Iranian-backed Houthis in Yemen" (News article). APNews. Washington, D.C.: Associated Press (AP). Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
    64. ↑ Kube, Courtney; Stelloh, Tim (11 January 2024). "U.S. and Britain launch strikes against targets in Houthi-controlled Yemen". NBC News. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
    65. ↑ "Houthis mistakenly target tanker carrying Russian oil - Ambrey report". Reuters. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
    66. ↑ "US and UK carry out strikes against Iran-backed Houthis in Yemen". CNN. 11 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
    67. ↑ Gambrell, Jon (14 January 2024). "Yemen Houthi rebels fire missile at US warship in Red Sea in first attack after American-led strikes" (News article). AP News. Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Associated Press. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
    68. ↑ United States Department of Defense (14 January 2024). "Press Release on January 14, 2024" (Post on 𝕏). 𝕏 (Formerly Twitter). United States Central Command (CENTCOM): United States federal government. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024. On Jan. 14 at approximately 4:45 p.m. (Sanaa time), an anti-ship cruise missile was fired from Iranian-backed Houthi militant areas of Yemen toward USS Laboon (DDG 58), which was operating in the Southern Red Sea. The missile was shot down in the vicinity of the coast of Hudaydah by U.S. fighter aircraft. There were no injuries or damage reported.
    69. ↑ Gambrell, Jon (15 January 2024). "Houthi rebels strike a U.S.-owned ship off the coast of Yemen in the Gulf of Aden, raising tensions" (News article). AP News. Jerusalem, Israel: Associated Press. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
    70. ↑ United States Department of Defense (15 January 2024). "Press Release on January 15, 2024" (Post on 𝕏). 𝕏 (Formerly Twitter). United States Central Command (CENTCOM): United States federal government. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024. On Jan. 15 at approximately 4 p.m. (Sanaa time), Iranian-backed Houthi militants fired an anti-ship ballistic missile from Houthi-controlled areas of Yemen and struck the M/V Gibraltar Eagle, a Marshall Islands-flagged, U.S.-owned and operated container ship. The ship has reported no injuries or significant damage and is continuing its journey.
    71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Liebermann, Oren; Britzky, Haley (15 January 2024). "Houthi ballistic missile strikes US-owned and operated cargo ship, US Central Command says" (News article). CNN. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
    72. ↑ Ott, Haley; Reals, Tucker (2024-01-15). "U.S. says Houthi missiles fired at cargo ship, U.S. warship in Red Sea amid strikes against Iran-backed rebels - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
    73. ↑ Gambrell, Jon; Baldor, Lolita C.; Becatoros, Elena; Copp, Tara; Madhani, Aamer (16 January 2024). "Chaotic wave of attacks, reprisals in Middle East fuel worries of a broader regional war" (News article). AP News. Washington, D.C.: Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
    74. ↑ United States Department of Defense (16 January 2024). "U.S. Conducts Strikes in Yemen as Houthi Attacks Against International Shipping Continue" (Press release). U.S. Central Command. United States Central Command (CENTCOM): United States federal government. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
    75. ↑ "Empty Malta-flagged bulk carrier hit by missile off Yemen" (News article). Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Reuters. 16 January 2024. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
    76. ↑ "Greek Ship Hit by Missile as Red Sea Vessel Attacks Intensify". BNN Bloomberg. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
    77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 "Chaotic wave of attacks, reprisals in Middle East fuel worries of a broader regional war" (News article). Washington, D.C.: ABC News. 16 January 2024. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
    78. ↑ "Yemen's Houthis claim attack on ship in Red Sea as US confirms new strike". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
    79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 Gambrell, Jon; Sewell, Abby (17 January 2024). "Yemen's Houthi rebels attack a US-owned ship in the Gulf of Aden with bomb-carrying drone" (News article). AP News. Jerusalem, Israel & Beirut, Lebanon: Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
    80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 "Yemen's Houthi rebels attack a US-owned ship in the Gulf of Aden with bomb-carrying drone" (News article). The Washington Post. Jerusalem, Israel. 17 January 2024. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
    81. ↑ "U.S. and U.K. launch new wave of strikes, this time targeting Houthis in Yemen". NBC News. 2024-02-04. Retrieved 2024-02-22.
    82. ↑ "Yemen's Houthis say 17 rebels killed in US-led attacks". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
    83. ↑ Greg Norman, Liz Friden (19 February 2024). "Houthis claim to shoot down US MQ-9 Reaper drone in Red Sea". Fox News. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
    84. ↑ "France Launches EU Red Sea Mission Taking Down Drones, Escorting Boxship". The Maritime Executive. 20 February 2024.
    85. ↑ "Missile strikes UK general cargo ship off Yemen". Seatrade Maritime.
    86. ↑ "Houthi missile hits ship in Gulf of Aden as Yemeni rebels continue attacks over Israel-Hamas war". CBS News. 22 February 2024.
    87. ↑ "Houthis order 'ban' on Israel, US, UK-linked ships in the Red Sea". Qatar Tribune. 23 February 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
    88. ↑ "Yemen's Houthis announce first civilian death in US-UK strikes". Arab News. 26 February 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
    89. ↑ "German frigate Hessen accidentally opened fire on an American drone, nearly costing the US another Reaper in its Red Sea fight". Business Insider. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
    90. ↑ "Ships entering Yemeni waters must obtain permit, Houthi minister says". Reuters. 5 March 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
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