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Texas

state of the United States of America
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Texas‎‎‎ (/ˈtɛksəs/,‎‎‎ also locally /ˈtɛksɪz/‎‎‎ American‎‎‎ Spanish:‎‎‎ [tejaz][8]),‎‎‎ officially‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ State‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ Texas,‎‎‎ is‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ state‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ South‎‎‎ Central‎‎‎ Region‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ United‎‎‎ States.‎‎‎ It‎‎‎ is‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ second‎‎‎ largest‎‎‎ US‎‎‎ state‎‎‎ by‎‎‎ total‎‎‎ area‎‎‎ (after‎‎‎ Alaska)‎‎‎ with‎‎‎ 268,596‎‎‎ sq‎‎‎ mi‎‎‎ (695,662‎‎‎ km2)‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ population‎‎‎ (after‎‎‎ California)‎‎‎ with‎‎‎ nearly‎‎‎ 29‎‎‎ million‎‎‎ people‎‎‎ as‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ 2019.‎‎‎ Its‎‎‎ largest‎‎‎ cities‎‎‎ are‎‎‎ Houston,‎‎‎ Dallas,‎‎‎ Fort‎‎‎ Worth,‎‎‎ San‎‎‎ Antonio,‎‎‎ El‎‎‎ Paso,‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ Austin,‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ capital‎‎‎ city.

Texas
State
State of Texas
Flag of Texas
Flag
Official seal of Texas
Seal
Nickname: 
The Lone Star State
Motto: 
Friendship
Anthem: "Texas, Our Texas"
Map of the United States with Texas highlighted
Map of the United States with Texas highlighted
CountryUnited States
Before statehoodRepublic of Texas
Admitted to the UnionDecember 29, 1845 (28th)
CapitalAustin
Largest cityHouston
Largest metro and urban areasDallas–Fort Worth
Government
 • GovernorGreg Abbott (R)
 • Lieutenant GovernorDan Patrick (R)
LegislatureTexas Legislature
 • Upper houseSenate
 • Lower houseHouse of Representatives
JudiciarySupreme Court of Texas (Civil)
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (Criminal)
U.S. senatorsJohn Cornyn (R)
Ted Cruz (R)
U.S. House delegation23 Republicans
13 Democrats (list)
Area
 • Total268,596 sq mi (695,662 km2)
 • Land261,232 sq mi (676,587 km2)
 • Water7,365 sq mi (19,075 km2)  2.7%
 • Rank2nd
Dimensions
 • Length801[1] mi (1,289 km)
 • Width773[1] mi (1,244 km)
Elevation
1,700 ft (520 m)
Highest elevation
(Guadalupe Peak[2][3][4])
8,751 ft (2,667.4 m)
Lowest elevation
(Gulf of Mexico[3])
0 ft (0 m)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total29,183,290[5]
 • Rank2nd
 • Density176/sq mi (67.9/km2)
  • Rank23rd
 • Median household income
$64,034[6]
 • Income rank
23rd
Demonym(s)Texan
Texian (archaic)
Tejano (usually only used for Hispanics)
Language
 • Official languageNo official language
(see Languages spoken in Texas)
 • Spoken languagePredominantly English;
Spanish is spoken by a sizable minority[7]
Time zones
Majority of stateUTC−06:00 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−05:00 (CDT)
El Paso, Hudspeth, and northwestern Culberson countiesUTC−07:00 (Mountain)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)
USPS abbreviation
TX
ISO 3166 codeUS-TX
Traditional abbreviationTex.
Latitude25°50′ N to 36°30′ N
Longitude93°31′ W to 106°39′ W
Websitetexas.gov
Texas state symbols
Flag of Texas
Living insignia
BirdNorthern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)
FishGuadalupe bass (Micropterus treculii)
FlowerBluebonnet (Lupinus spp., namely Texas bluebonnet, L. texensis)
InsectMonarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus)
MammalTexas longhorn, nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)
ReptileTexas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum)
TreePecan (Carya illinoinensis)
Inanimate insignia
FoodChili
InstrumentGuitar
ShellLightning whelk (Busycon perversum pulleyi)
ShipUSS Texas
SloganThe Friendly State
SoilHouston Black
SportRodeo
OtherMolecule: Buckyball (For more, see article)
State route marker
Texas state route marker
State quarter
Texas quarter dollar coin
Released in 2004
Lists of United States state symbols

Texas‎‎‎ became‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ 28th‎‎‎ state‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ United‎‎‎ States‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 1845.‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ has‎‎‎ been‎‎‎ controlled‎‎‎ by‎‎‎ Spain,‎‎‎ France,‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Confederate‎‎‎ States‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ America,‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ Mexico.‎‎‎ It‎‎‎ declared‎‎‎ its‎‎‎ independence‎‎‎ from‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 1836.‎‎‎ It‎‎‎ was‎‎‎ its‎‎‎ own‎‎‎ country,‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Republic‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ Texas,‎‎‎ for‎‎‎ 9‎‎‎ years‎‎‎ (1836–1845).‎‎‎ It‎‎‎ is‎‎‎ called‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ "Lone‎‎‎ Star‎‎‎ State"‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ its‎‎‎ flag‎‎‎ has‎‎‎ one‎‎‎ star.

There‎‎‎ are‎‎‎ many‎‎‎ tourist‎‎‎ attractions‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Texas.‎‎‎ Fort‎‎‎ Worth‎‎‎ is‎‎‎ known‎‎‎ for‎‎‎ its‎‎‎ stockyards.‎‎‎ Amarillo‎‎‎ is‎‎‎ known‎‎‎ for‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ cattle‎‎‎ business‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ stockyards.‎‎‎ In‎‎‎ Dallas,‎‎‎ industrial‎‎‎ technology‎‎‎ companies‎‎‎ including‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ Instruments‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ EDS‎‎‎ have‎‎‎ their‎‎‎ home‎‎‎ offices.‎‎‎ San‎‎‎ Antonio‎‎‎ has‎‎‎ The‎‎‎ Alamo.‎‎‎ Houston‎‎‎ has‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Johnson‎‎‎ Space‎‎‎ Center.‎‎‎ Austin‎‎‎ has‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ University‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ at‎‎‎ Austin.‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ A&M‎‎‎ University‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ College‎‎‎ Station,‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ Tech‎‎‎ University‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Lubbock,‎‎‎ Baylor‎‎‎ University‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Waco‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ University‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ North‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Denton‎‎‎ are‎‎‎ other‎‎‎ important‎‎‎ universities‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ state.

Name

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The‎‎‎ state's‎‎‎ name‎‎‎ derives‎‎‎ from‎‎‎ táyshay,‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ word‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Caddoan‎‎‎ language‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Hasinai‎‎‎ (a‎‎‎ Native‎‎‎ American‎‎‎ tribe),‎‎‎ which‎‎‎ means‎‎‎ "allies"‎‎‎ or‎‎‎ "friends."

History

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Texas‎‎‎ was‎‎‎ first‎‎‎ explored‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 1528‎‎‎ by‎‎‎ Spanish‎‎‎ explorers‎‎‎ on‎‎‎ accident‎‎‎ (they‎‎‎ were‎‎‎ shipwrecked‎‎‎ on‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ coast).‎‎‎ ‎‎‎ It‎‎‎ did‎‎‎ not‎‎‎ become‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ colony‎‎‎ until‎‎‎ 1685,‎‎‎ when‎‎‎ France‎‎‎ claimed‎‎‎ it.‎‎‎ In‎‎‎ response,‎‎‎ Spain‎‎‎ started‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ rival‎‎‎ colony‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 1691‎‎‎ by‎‎‎ setting‎‎‎ up‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ religious‎‎‎ outpost‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ eastern‎‎‎ part‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ Texas.‎‎‎ ‎‎‎ Spain‎‎‎ did‎‎‎ not‎‎‎ come‎‎‎ back‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ until‎‎‎ 1716‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ protect‎‎‎ its‎‎‎ colonies‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ west‎‎‎ from‎‎‎ French‎‎‎ forces.‎‎‎ ‎‎‎ Two‎‎‎ years‎‎‎ later,‎‎‎ San‎‎‎ Antonio‎‎‎ was‎‎‎ founded.

The‎‎‎ pressure‎‎‎ between‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Spaniards‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ Native‎‎‎ Americans‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ East‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ stopped‎‎‎ many‎‎‎ settlers‎‎‎ from‎‎‎ coming‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ Texas.‎‎‎ To‎‎‎ stop‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ violence‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ increasing‎‎‎ Native‎‎‎ American‎‎‎ raids,‎‎‎ Spain‎‎‎ called‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ truce‎‎‎ between‎‎‎ many‎‎‎ tribes‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 1745‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ 1789.

Tensions‎‎‎ rose‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ after‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ United‎‎‎ States‎‎‎ bought‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ large‎‎‎ amount‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ nearby‎‎‎ land‎‎‎ from‎‎‎ France‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 1803.‎‎‎ This‎‎‎ was‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Louisiana‎‎‎ Purchase.‎‎‎ People‎‎‎ began‎‎‎ wondering‎‎‎ whether‎‎‎ Spain‎‎‎ or‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ United‎‎‎ States‎‎‎ could‎‎‎ claim‎‎‎ Texas.

Mexico‎‎‎ won‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Mexican‎‎‎ War‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ Independence‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 1821.‎‎‎ Mexico,‎‎‎ including‎‎‎ Texas,‎‎‎ was‎‎‎ free‎‎‎ from‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Spanish‎‎‎ Empire.‎‎‎ Americans‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ other‎‎‎ settlers‎‎‎ came‎‎‎ into‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ when‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ allowed‎‎‎ non-Spanish‎‎‎ settlers‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ settle‎‎‎ here.‎‎‎ After‎‎‎ many‎‎‎ settlers‎‎‎ came‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ Texas,‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ started‎‎‎ taxing‎‎‎ non-citizens.‎‎‎ This‎‎‎ outraged‎‎‎ many‎‎‎ settlers.‎‎‎ Many‎‎‎ were‎‎‎ already‎‎‎ angry‎‎‎ because‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ banned‎‎‎ slavery.

Politics‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ became‎‎‎ violent‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ several‎‎‎ Mexican‎‎‎ States‎‎‎ declared‎‎‎ independence.‎‎‎ On‎‎‎ March‎‎‎ 2,‎‎‎ 1836,‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ declared‎‎‎ independence‎‎‎ from‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ soon‎‎‎ they‎‎‎ were‎‎‎ at‎‎‎ war.‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ won,‎‎‎ but‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ refused‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ recognize‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ as‎‎‎ an‎‎‎ independent‎‎‎ sovereign‎‎‎ Republic.‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ soon‎‎‎ requested‎‎‎ entry‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ United‎‎‎ States.‎‎‎ Years‎‎‎ later,‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 1845,‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ US‎‎‎ added‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ as‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ state,[9]‎‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ broke‎‎‎ off‎‎‎ diplomatic‎‎‎ relations.‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ resisted‎‎‎ offers‎‎‎ by‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ U.S.‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ buy‎‎‎ land‎‎‎ extending‎‎‎ from‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Pacific‎‎‎ Ocean.‎‎‎ In‎‎‎ 1846,‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ dispute‎‎‎ over‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ border‎‎‎ between‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ resulted‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ armed‎‎‎ conflict,‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Mexican-American‎‎‎ War‎‎‎ began.‎‎‎ The‎‎‎ United‎‎‎ States‎‎‎ won‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ war,‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ by‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Treaty‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ Guadalupe-Hidalgo,‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 1848‎‎‎ won‎‎‎ lands‎‎‎ that‎‎‎ later‎‎‎ formed‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ states‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ California,‎‎‎ Arizona,‎‎‎ Nevada,‎‎‎ Utah,‎‎‎ New‎‎‎ Mexico,‎‎‎ southwestern‎‎‎ Colorado,‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ southwestern‎‎‎ Wyoming.‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ received‎‎‎ 15‎‎‎ million‎‎‎ dollars‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ gave‎‎‎ up‎‎‎ its‎‎‎ claims‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ Texas.

After‎‎‎ Abraham‎‎‎ Lincoln‎‎‎ was‎‎‎ elected‎‎‎ President‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ United‎‎‎ States,‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ joined‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ newly‎‎‎ formed‎‎‎ Confederate‎‎‎ States‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ America‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 1861‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ fought‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ American‎‎‎ Civil‎‎‎ War‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ an‎‎‎ attempt‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ become‎‎‎ independent‎‎‎ from‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ United‎‎‎ States.‎‎‎ The‎‎‎ Confederates‎‎‎ lost‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Union‎‎‎ (the‎‎‎ United‎‎‎ States)‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 1865.‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ was‎‎‎ restored‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ full‎‎‎ representation‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Congress‎‎‎ on‎‎‎ March‎‎‎ 30,‎‎‎ 1870.

On‎‎‎ January‎‎‎ 10,‎‎‎ 1901,‎‎‎ oil‎‎‎ was‎‎‎ found‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Texas,‎‎‎ leading‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ founding‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ richer‎‎‎ economy.‎‎‎ During‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ time‎‎‎ when‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ economy‎‎‎ was‎‎‎ poor,‎‎‎ many‎‎‎ people‎‎‎ left‎‎‎ Texas.‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ did‎‎‎ not‎‎‎ regain‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ population‎‎‎ it‎‎‎ had‎‎‎ lost‎‎‎ until‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ 1950s‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ 60s.‎‎‎ In‎‎‎ recent‎‎‎ years,‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ has‎‎‎ become‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ hub‎‎‎ for‎‎‎ technology‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ computers.

Geography

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Texas‎‎‎ is‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ second‎‎‎ biggest‎‎‎ state‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Union‎‎‎ (after‎‎‎ Alaska)‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ is‎‎‎ bigger‎‎‎ than‎‎‎ every‎‎‎ European‎‎‎ country‎‎‎ except‎‎‎ Russia.‎‎‎ It‎‎‎ has‎‎‎ mountains,‎‎‎ forests,‎‎‎ deserts,‎‎‎ plains,‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ coasts.‎‎‎ The‎‎‎ largest‎‎‎ river‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ is‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Rio‎‎‎ Grande,‎‎‎ which‎‎‎ forms‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ border‎‎‎ between‎‎‎ Mexico‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ United‎‎‎ States‎‎‎ throughout‎‎‎ south‎‎‎ Texas.‎‎‎ The‎‎‎ highest‎‎‎ mountain‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ is‎‎‎ Guadalupe‎‎‎ Peak.

Most‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ is‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Central‎‎‎ Time,‎‎‎ but‎‎‎ El‎‎‎ Paso‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Western‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ is‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Mountain‎‎‎ Time.[10]

Economy

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Texas‎‎‎ has‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ second‎‎‎ largest‎‎‎ economy‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ United‎‎‎ States‎‎‎ after‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ economy‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ California.‎‎‎ It‎‎‎ had‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ gross‎‎‎ state‎‎‎ product‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ US$1.887‎‎‎ trillion‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 2019.[11]‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ was‎‎‎ home‎‎‎ to‎‎‎ six‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ top‎‎‎ 50‎‎‎ companies‎‎‎ on‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ Fortune‎‎‎ 500‎‎‎ list‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 2015‎‎‎ (third‎‎‎ most‎‎‎ after‎‎‎ New‎‎‎ York‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ California).[12]‎‎‎ In‎‎‎ 2017,‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ grossed‎‎‎ more‎‎‎ than‎‎‎ US$264.5‎‎‎ billion‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ year‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ exports—more‎‎‎ than‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ exports‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ California‎‎‎ (US$172‎‎‎ billion)‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ New‎‎‎ York‎‎‎ (US$77.9‎‎‎ billion)‎‎‎ combined.[13][14][15]‎‎‎ As‎‎‎ a‎‎‎ sovereign‎‎‎ country,‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ 2016,‎‎‎ Texas‎‎‎ would‎‎‎ be‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ 10th‎‎‎ largest‎‎‎ economy‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ the‎‎‎ world‎‎‎ by‎‎‎ gross‎‎‎ domestic‎‎‎ product‎‎‎ (GDP),‎‎‎ ahead‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ South‎‎‎ Korea‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ Canada‎‎‎ and‎‎‎ behind‎‎‎ Brazil.[16]

List‎‎‎ of‎‎‎ counties‎‎‎ in‎‎‎ Texas

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Further information: List of counties in Texas

A

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Counties Seat Image Map
A
Anderson Palestine    
Andrews Andrews    
Angelina Lufkin    
Aransas Rockport    
Archer Archer‎‎‎ City    
Armstrong Claude    
Austin Bellville    
B
Bailey Muleshoe    
Bandera Bandera    
Bastrop Bastrop    
Baylor Seymour    
Bee Beeville    
Bell Belton    
Bexar San‎‎‎ Antonio    
Blanco Johnson‎‎‎ City    
Borden Gail  
Bosque Meridian    
Bowie New‎‎‎ Boston  
Brazoria Angleton    
Brewster Alpine    
Briscoe Silverton    
Brooks Falfurrias    
Brown Brownwood    
Burleson Caldwell    
Burnet Burnet    
C
Caldwell Lockhart    
Calhoun Port‎‎‎ Lavaca    
Callahan Baird    
Cameron Brownsville    
Camp Pittsburg    
Carson Pandhandle    
Cass Linden    
Castro Dimmit    
Chambers Anahauc    
Cherokee Rusk    
Childress Childress    
Clay Henrietta    
Cochran Morton  
Coke Robert‎‎‎ Lee    
Coleman Coleman    
Collin McKinney    
Collingsworth Wellington    
Colorado Columbus    
Comal New‎‎‎ Braunfels    
Comanche Comanche  
Concho Paint‎‎‎ Rock    
Cooke Gainesville    
Coryell Gatesville    
Cottle Paducah    
Crance Crane    
Crockett Ozona    
Crosby Crosbyton    
Culberson Van‎‎‎ Horn    
D
Dallam Dalhart    
Dallas Dallas    
Dawson Lamesa    
Deaf‎‎‎ Smith‎‎‎ Hereford    
Delta Cooper    
Denton Denton    
DeWitt Cuero    
Dickens Dickens    
Dimmit‎‎‎ Carrizo‎‎‎ Springs    
Donley Clarendon    
Duval San‎‎‎ Diego    
E
Eastland Eastland    
Ector Odessa    
Edwards Rocksprings    
Ellis Waxahachie    
El‎‎‎ Paso El‎‎‎ Paso    
Erath Stephenville    
F
Falls Marlin    
Fannin Bonham    
Fayette La‎‎‎ Grange    
Fisher Roby    
Floyd Floydada  
Foard Crowell    
Fort‎‎‎ Bend Richmond    
Franklin Mt.‎‎‎ Vernon    
Freestone Fairfield    
Frio Pearsall    
G
Gaines Seminole    
Galveston Galveston    
Garza Post    
Gillespie Fredericksburg    
Glasscock Garden‎‎‎ City  
Goliad Goliad    
Gonzales Gonzales  
Gray Pampa    
Grayson Sherman    
Gregg Longview    
Grimes Anderson    
Guadalupe Seguin  
H
Hale Plainview    
Hall Memphis    
Hamilton Hamilton    
Hansford Spearman    
Hardeman Quanah    
Hardin Kountze    
Harris Houston    
Harrison Marshall    
Hartley Channing    
Haskell Haskell    
Hays San‎‎‎ Marcos    
Hemphill Canadian    
Henderson Athens    
Hidalgo Edinburg    
Hill Hillsboro    
Hockley Levelland  
Hood Granbury    
Hopkins Sulphur‎‎‎ Springs    
Houston Crockett    
Howard Big‎‎‎ Spring  
Hudspeth Sierra‎‎‎ Blanca    
Hunt Greenville    
Hutchinson Stinnett    
I
Irion Mertzon  
J
Jack Jacksboro    
Jackson Edna  
Jasper Jasper    
Jeff Fort‎‎‎ Davis    
Jefferson Beaumont    
Jim‎‎‎ Hogg Hebbronville    
Jim‎‎‎ Wells Alice    
Johnson Cleburne    
Jones Anson    
K
Karnes Karnes‎‎‎ City    
Kaufman Kaufman    
Kendall Boerne    
Kenedy Sarita   190px
Kent Jayton    
Kerr Kerrville    
Kimble Junction    
King Guthrie  
Kinney Brackettville    
Kleberg Kingsville    
Knox Benjamin    
L
Lamar Paris    
Lamb Littlefield  
Lampasas Lampasas    
La‎‎‎ Salle Cotulla    
Lavaca Hallettsville    
Lee Giddings    
Leon Centerville    
Liberty Liberty
Limestone Groesbeck    
Lipscomb Lipscomb    
Live‎‎‎ Oak George‎‎‎ West    
Llano Llano    
Loving Mentone  
Lubbock Lubbock  
Lynn Tahoka    
M
McCulloch Brady    
McLennan Waco    
McMullen Tilden    
Madison Madisonville    
Marion Jefferson    
Martin Stanton    
Mason Mason    
Matagorda Bay‎‎‎ City    
Maverick Eagle‎‎‎ Pass    
Medina Hondo    
Menard Menard    
Midland Midland    
Milam Cameroon    
Mills Goldthwaite    
Mitchell Colorado‎‎‎ City  
Montague Montague  
Montgomery Conroe    
Moore Dumas    
Morris Daingerfield  
Motley Matador    
N
Nacogdoches Nacogdoches    
Navarro Corsicana    
Newton Newton    
Nolan Sweetwater    
Nueces Corpus‎‎‎ Christi    
O
Ochiltree Perryton    
Oldham Vega    
Orange Orange    
P
Palo‎‎‎ Pinto Palo‎‎‎ Pinto  
Panola Carthage    
Parker Weatherford    
Parmer Farwell    
Pecos Fort‎‎‎ Stockton    
Polk Livingston    
Potter Amarillo    
Presidio Marfa    
R
Rains Emory    
Randall Canyon    
Reagan Big‎‎‎ Lake    
Real Leakey    
Red Clarksville    
Reeves Pecos    
Refugio Refugio    
Roberts Miami    
Robertson Franklin    
Rockwall Rockwall    
Runnels Ballinger    
Rusk Henderson    
S
Sabine Hemphill    
San‎‎‎ Augustine San‎‎‎ Augustine    
San‎‎‎ Jacinto Coldspring    
San‎‎‎ Patricio Sinton    
San‎‎‎ Saba San‎‎‎ Saba    
Schleicher Eldorado    
Scurry Snyder    
Shackelford Albany    
Shelby Center    
Sherman Stratford    
Smith Tyler    
Sowervell Glen‎‎‎ Rose    
Starr Rio‎‎‎ Grande  
Stephens Breckenridge    
Sterling Sterling‎‎‎ City    
Stonewall Aspermont    
Sutton Sonora    
Swisher Tulia    
T
Tarrant Fort‎‎‎ Worth  
Taylor Abilene  
Terrell Sanderson    
Terry Brownfield    
Throckmorton Throckmorton    
Titus Mt.‎‎‎ Pleasant    
Tom‎‎‎ Green San‎‎‎ Angelo    
Travis Austin    
Trinity Groveton    
Tyler Woodville    
U
Upshur Gilmer    
Upton Rankin    
Uvalde Uvalde    
V
Val‎‎‎ Verde Del‎‎‎ Rio    
Van‎‎‎ Zandt Canton    
Victoria Victoria    
W
Walker Huntsville    
Waller Hempstead    
Ward Monahans    
Washington Brenham    
Webb Laredo    
Wharton Wharton  
Wheeler Wheeler    
Wichita Wichita‎‎‎ Falls    
Wilbarger Vernon    
Willacy Raymondville    
Williamson Georgestown    
Wilson Floresville    
Winkler Kermit    
Wise Decatur    
Wood Quitman    
Y
Yoakum Plains    
Young Graham    
Z
Zapata Zapata    
Zavala Crystal‎‎‎ City  
change

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Texas.
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Environment. Texas Almanac. 2008. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  2. ↑ "El Capitan". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
  4. ↑ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
  5. ↑ Bureau, US Census (April 26, 2021). "2020 Census Apportionment Results". The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 27, 2021. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  6. ↑ "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. 2019. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  7. ↑ Texas—Languages. MLA. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  8. ↑ Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. Volume 3: Beyond the British Isles (pp. i–xx, 467–674). Cambridge University Press. p. 551. ISBN 0-52128541-0.
  9. ↑ "Resolutions" (PDF). Twenty-ninth Congress. 1845. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  10. ↑ "Mountain Time Zone Boundary". www.timetemperature.com. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
  11. ↑ "Gross domestic product (GDP) by state (millions of current dollars)". Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
  12. ↑ "FORTUNE 500 2011: States". CNN.
  13. ↑ "State Exports for TEXAS". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
  14. ↑ "State Exports for CALIFORNIA". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
  15. ↑ "State Exports for NEW YORK". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
  16. ↑ "In Opinion: If states were countries by economic output, California would be France". Newsweek. June 11, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
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