Template:Infobox molybdenum

Molybdenum, 42Mo
Molybdenum
Pronunciation/məˈlɪbdənəm/ (mə-LIB-də-nəm)
Appearancegray metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Mo)
95.95(1)[1]
Molybdenum in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Cr

Mo

W
niobiummolybdenumtechnetium
Atomic number (Z)42
Groupgroup 6
Periodperiod 5
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d5 5s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 13, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point2896 K ​(2623 °C, ​4753 °F)
Boiling point4912 K ​(4639 °C, ​8382 °F)
Density (near r.t.)10.28 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)9.33 g/cm3
Heat of fusion37.48 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization598 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.06 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2742 2994 3312 3707 4212 4879
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −2, −1, 0, +1,[2] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.16
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 684.3 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1560 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2618 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius154±5 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of molybdenum
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurebody-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for molybdenum
Speed of sound thin rod5400 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion4.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity138 W/(m⋅K)
Thermal diffusivity54.3 mm2/s (at 300 K)[3]
Electrical resistivity53.4 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[4]
Molar magnetic susceptibility+89.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[5]
Young's modulus329 GPa
Shear modulus126 GPa
Bulk modulus230 GPa
Poisson ratio0.31
Mohs hardness5.5
Vickers hardness1400–2740 MPa
Brinell hardness1370–2500 MPa
CAS Number7439-98-7
History
DiscoveryCarl Wilhelm Scheele (1778)
First isolationPeter Jacob Hjelm (1781)
Isotopes of molybdenum
Main isotopes[6] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
92Mo 14.7% stable
93Mo synth 4×103 y ε 93Nb
94Mo 9.19% stable
95Mo 15.9% stable
96Mo 16.7% stable
97Mo 9.58% stable
98Mo 24.3% stable
99Mo synth 65.94 h β 99mTc
γ
100Mo 9.74% 7.1×1018 y ββ 100Ru
 Category: Molybdenum
| references
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (11) · (this table: )

References

  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Molybdenum". CIAAW. 2013.
  2. "Molybdenum: molybdenum(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  3. Lindemann, A.; Blumm, J. (2009). Measurement of the Thermophysical Properties of Pure Molybdenum. Vol. 3. 17th Plansee Seminar.
  4. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  5. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  6. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.