Template:Infobox rhodium

Rhodium, 45Rh
Rhodium
Pronunciation/ˈrdiəm/ (ROH-dee-əm)
Appearancesilvery white metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Rh)
102.90549(2)[1]
Rhodium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Co

Rh

Ir
rutheniumrhodiumpalladium
Atomic number (Z)45
Groupgroup 9
Periodperiod 5
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 16, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point2237 K ​(1964 °C, ​3567 °F)
Boiling point3968 K ​(3695 °C, ​6683 °F)
Density (near r.t.)12.41 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)10.7 g/cm3
Heat of fusion26.59 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization493 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.98 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2288 2496 2749 3063 3405 3997
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3[2], −1, 0, +1,[3] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7[4] (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.28
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 719.7 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1740 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2997 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius142±7 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of rhodium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for rhodium
Speed of sound thin rod4700 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion8.2 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity150 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity43.3 nΩ⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[5]
Molar magnetic susceptibility+111.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[6]
Young's modulus380 GPa
Shear modulus150 GPa
Bulk modulus275 GPa
Poisson ratio0.26
Mohs hardness6.0
Vickers hardness1100–8000 MPa
Brinell hardness980–1350 MPa
CAS Number7440-16-6
History
Discovery and first isolationWilliam Hyde Wollaston (1804)
Isotopes of rhodium
Main isotopes[7] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
99Rh synth 16.1 d β+ 99Ru
101Rh synth 4.07 y ε 101Ru
101mRh synth 4.343 d ε 101Ru
IT 101Rh
102Rh synth 207 d β+ 102Ru
β 102Pd
102mRh synth 3.742 y β+ 102Ru
IT 102Rh
103Rh 100% stable
105Rh synth 35.341 h β 105Pd
 Category: Rhodium
| references
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (11) · (this table: )

References

  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Rhodium". CIAAW. 2017.
  2. Ellis J E. Highly Reduced Metal Carbonyl Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Adv. Organomet. Chem, 1990, 31: 1-51.
  3. "Rhodium: rhodium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  4. Rh(VII) is known in the RhO3+ cation, see Da Silva Santos, Mayara; Stüker, Tony; Flach, Max; Ablyasova, Olesya S.; Timm, Martin; von Issendorff, Bernd; Hirsch, Konstantin; Zamudio‐Bayer, Vicente; Riedel, Sebastian; Lau, J. Tobias (2022). "The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO3]+". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61 (38): e202207688. doi:10.1002/anie.202207688. PMC 9544489. PMID 35818987.
  5. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  6. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  7. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.