Kazakhstan

Republic of Kazakhstan
Қазақстан Республикасы (Kazakh)
*Qazaqstan Respublikasy*
Республика Казахстан (Russian)
*Respublika Kazakhstan*
Republic of Kazakhstan Қазақстан Республикасы (Kazakh); Qazaqstan Respublikasy; Республика Казахстан (Russian); Respublika Kazakhstan;
	Flag Emblem
	Anthem: Менің Қазақстаным; Menıñ Qazaqstanym; "My Kazakhstan";
	Location of Kazakhstan (green)
Capital	Astana; 51°10′N 71°26′E / 51.167°N 71.433°E
Largest city	en:Shymkent
Official languages	Kazakh (national/state); Russian (official);
Common languages	Kazakh language; Russian language;
Official scripts	Cyrillic; Latin;
Ethnic groups (2018)	65.5% Kazakh; 21.5% Russian; 3.0% Uzbek; 1.8% Ukrainian; 1.4% Uyghur; 1.2% Tatar; 1.1% German; 4.5% others;
Religion	70.2% Muslims; 26.3% Christians; 3.5% others;
Demonym(s)	Kazakhstani
Government	Unitary presidential constitutional republic
• President	Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
• Prime Minister	Oljas Bektenov
• Chairman of the Senate	Maulen Ashimbayev
• Chairman of the Mazhilis	Nurlan Nigmatulin
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Mazhilis
Formation
• Kazakh Khanate	1465
• Alash Autonomy	13 December 1917
• Kirghiz ASSR	26 August 1920
• Kazakh ASSR	19 June 1925
• Kazakh SSR	5 December 1936
• Declared Sovereignty	25 October 1990
• Reconstituted as the Republic of Kazakhstan	10 December 1991
• Declared Independence from the USSR	16 December 1991
• CIS Accession	21 December 1991
• Recognized	26 December 1991
• Admitted to the United Nations	2 March 1992
• Current constitution	30 August 1995
Area
• Total	2,724,900 km2 (1,052,100 sq mi) (9th)
• Water (%)	1.7
Population
• 2019 estimate	18,448,600 (63rd)
• Density	7/km2 (18.1/sq mi) (236th)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$534.271 billion (41st)
• Per capita	$28,514 (53rd)
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$164.207 billion (54th)
• Per capita	$8,763 (71st)
Gini (2017)	27.5; low
HDI (2017)	0.800; very high · 58th
Currency	Tenge (₸) (KZT)
Time zone	UTC+5 / +6 (West / East)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+7-6xx, +7-7xx
ISO 3166 code	KZ
Internet TLD	.kz; .қаз;

Kazakhstan is a landlocked country in the middle of Eurasia. Its official name is the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is the tarub biggest country in the world, and it is also the biggest landlocked country in the world. Before the end of the Soviet Union, it was called "Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic". The president of the country from 1991 through March 2019 was Nursultan Nazarbayev. Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan. Almaty was the capital until 1998, when it moved to Astana.

The Kazakh language, which is a Turkic language, is the native language, but Russian has equal official status for all administrative and institutional purposes.^[8] Islam is the largest religion- about 70% of the population are Muslims, with Christianity practiced by 26%;^[9] Russia leases (rents) the land for the Baikonur Cosmodrome (site of Russian spacecraft launches) from Kazakhstan.

Economy: China is the countries largest trading partner (as of 2024).^[10]

Geography

Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country mostly in Asia with a small western part across the Ural River in Europe. It has borders with the Russian Federation in the north and west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the southwest, and China in the far east. The northern border is mostly with Siberia, Russia, so Russia has the longest border with Kazakhstan.^[11] Basically, Kazakhstan runs from the Caspian Sea in the west to the mainly Muslim Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang. Kazakhstan has no ocean shoreline, but borders the Caspian Sea, which boats use to get to neighboring countries. The Caspian Sea is an Endorheic basin without connections to any ocean.

Natural resources

Kazakhstan has plenty of petroleum, natural gas, and mining. It attracted over $40 billion in foreign investment since 1993 and accounts for some 57% of the nation's industrial output. According to some estimates,^[12] Kazakhstan has the second largest uranium, chromium, lead, and zinc reserves, the third largest manganese reserves, the fifth largest copper reserves, and ranks in the top ten for coal, iron, and gold. It is also an exporter of diamonds. Kazakhstan has the 11th largest proven reserves of both petroleum and natural gas.^[13]

Regions

Kazakhstan is divided into 17 regions. They are divided into districts.

Almaty and Astana cities have the status of State importance and are not in any region.^[14] Baikonur city has a special status because it is leased to Russia for Baikonur cosmodrome until 2050.^[14]

Each province is headed by an Akim (provincial governor) appointed by the president. Municipal Akims are appointed by province Akims. The Government of Kazakhstan moved its capital from Almaty to Astana on December 10, 1997.

Full English name	Type	Capital	Full Kazakh name	Full Russian name	Standard time
Abai Region	region	Semey	Абай облысы Abai oblysy	Абайская область Abaiskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
Akmola Region	region	Kokshetau	Ақмола облысы Aqmola oblysy	Акмолинская область Akmolinskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
Aktobe Region	region	Aktobe	Ақтөбе облысы Aqtöbe oblysy	Актюбинская область Aktyubinskaya Oblast′	UTC+05:00
Almaty	city		Алматы қаласы Almaty qalasy	город Алматы gorod Almaty	UTC+06:00
Almaty Region	region	Qonaev	Алматы облысы Almaty oblysy	Алматинская область Almatinskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
Astana	city		Астана қаласы Astana qalasy	город Астана gorod Astana	UTC+06:00
Atyrau Region	Atyrau	Атырау облысы Atyrau oblysy	Атырауская область Atyrauskaya Oblast′	UTC+05:00
Baikonur	city		Байқоңыр қаласы Baiqoñyr qalasy	город Байконур gorod Baykonur	UTC+05:00
East Kazakhstan Region	region	Oskemen	Шығыс Қазақстан облысы Şyğys Qazaqstan oblysy	Восточно-Казахстанская область Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
Jambyl Region	region	Taraz	Жамбыл облысы Jambyl oblysy	Жамбылская область Zhambylskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
Jetisu Region	region	Taldykorgan	Жетісу облысы Jetısu oblysy	Жетысуская область Zhetysuskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
Karaganda Region	region	Karaganda	Қарағанды облысы Qarağandy oblysy	Карагандинская область Karagandinskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
Kostanay Region	region	Kostanay	Қостанай облысы Qostanai oblysy	Костанайская область Kostanayskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
Kyzylorda Region	region	Kyzylorda	Қызылорда облысы Qyzylorda oblysy	Кызылординская область Kyzylordinskaya Oblast′	UTC+05:00
Mangystau Region	region	Aktau	Маңғыстау облысы Mañğystau oblysy	Мангыстауская область Mangystauskaya Oblast′	UTC+05:00
North Kazakhstan Region	region	Petropavl	Солтүстік Қазақстан облысы Soltüstık Qazaqstan oblysy	Северо-Казахстанская область Severo-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
Pavlodar Region	region	Pavlodar	Павлодар облысы Pavlodar oblysy	Павлодарская область Pavlodarskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
Shymkent	city		Шымкент қаласы Şymkent qalasy	город Шымкент gorod Shymkent	UTC+06:00
Turkistan Region (formerly South Kazakhstan)	region	Turkistan	Түркістан облысы Türkıstan oblysy	Туркестанская область Turkestanskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
Ulytau Region	region	Jezkazgan	Ұлытау облысы Ūlytau oblysy	Улытауская область Ulytauskaya Oblast′	UTC+06:00
West Kazakhstan Region	region	Oral	Батыс Қазақстан облысы Batys Qazaqstan oblysy	Западно-Казахстанская область Zapadno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast′	UTC+05:00

Population

The population of Kazakhstan is 17,165,000. It takes the 62th place in the List of countries by population. Average density is one of the lowest on earth with almost 6 people/km² (List of countries by population density).

Related pages

References

↑ "Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2016 года". Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
↑ Schneider, Johann F.; Larsen, Knud S.; Krumov, Krum; Vazow, Grigorii (2013). Advances in International Psychology: Research Approaches and Personal Dispositions, Socialization Processes and Organizational Behavior. Kassel university press GmbH. p. 164. ISBN 978-3-86219-454-4.
↑ Kazakhstan Archived 30 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. CIA World Factbook.
↑ "Негізгі". stat.gov.kz. Archived from the original on 7 November 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
↑ "2018 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
↑ The constitution of Kazakhstan Archived 2009-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: 1. The state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the Kazakh language. 2. In state institutions and local self-administrative bodies the Russian language shall be officially used on equal grounds along with the Kazakh language.
↑ "The results of the national population census in 2009". Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 12 November 2010. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
↑ https://www.nrk.no/urix/kasakhstan-_-mer-enn-et-langtvekkistan-1.17021801. Retrieved 2024-08-29
↑ "Afghanistan". CIA - The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
↑ Mineral Wealth. homestead.com
↑ International Crisis Group, 2007. Central Asia's Energy Risks, Asia Report No. 133 Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine.
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 CIA World Factbook: Kazakhstan Archived 2018-12-26 at the Wayback Machine.

Notes

↑ Kazakhstani includes all citizens, in contrast to Kazakh, which is the demonym for ethnic Kazakhs.^[2]

Other websites

Official Website of Kazakh Parliament, in Қазақша, Русский, and English Archived 2011-02-25 at the Wayback Machine

[KZ2016-1] "Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2016 года". Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.

[2] Schneider, Johann F.; Larsen, Knud S.; Krumov, Krum; Vazow, Grigorii (2013). Advances in International Psychology: Research Approaches and Personal Dispositions, Socialization Processes and Organizational Behavior. Kassel university press GmbH. p. 164. ISBN 978-3-86219-454-4.

[CIA-4] Kazakhstan Archived 30 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. CIA World Factbook.

[Негізгі-5] "Негізгі". stat.gov.kz. Archived from the original on 7 November 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2019.

[IMF-6] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2019.

[WB1-7] "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2019.

[HDI-8] "2018 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2018.

[9] The constitution of Kazakhstan Archived 2009-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: 1. The state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be the Kazakh language. 2. In state institutions and local self-administrative bodies the Russian language shall be officially used on equal grounds along with the Kazakh language.

[2009_Census-10] "The results of the national population census in 2009". Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 12 November 2010. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2010.

[11] ttps://www.nrk.no/urix/kasakhstan-_-mer-enn-et-langtvekkistan-1.17021801. Retrieved 2024-08-29

[cia-12] "Afghanistan". CIA - The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2011.

[Homestead-13] Mineral Wealth. homestead.com

[14] International Crisis Group, 2007. Central Asia's Energy Risks, Asia Report No. 133 Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine.

[CIA-recommended-15] 14.0 ^14.1 CIA World Factbook: Kazakhstan Archived 2018-12-26 at the Wayback Machine.

[3] Kazakhstani includes all citizens, in contrast to Kazakh, which is the demonym for ethnic Kazakhs.^[2]

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Republic of Kazakhstan Қазақстан Республикасы (Kazakh) Qazaqstan Respublikasy Республика Казахстан (Russian) Respublika Kazakhstan
Flag Emblem
Anthem: Менің Қазақстаным Menıñ Qazaqstanym "My Kazakhstan"
Location of Kazakhstan (green)
Capital	Astana 51°10′N 71°26′E / 51.167°N 71.433°E / 51.167; 71.433
Largest city	en:Shymkent
Official languages	Kazakh (national/state) Russian (official)
Common languages	Kazakh language Russian language
Official scripts	Cyrillic Latin
Ethnic groups (2018^[1])	65.5% Kazakh 21.5% Russian 3.0% Uzbek 1.8% Ukrainian 1.4% Uyghur 1.2% Tatar 1.1% German 4.5% others
Religion	70.2% Muslims 26.3% Christians 3.5% others
Demonym(s)	Kazakhstani^[a]^[3]
Government	Unitary presidential constitutional republic

• President	Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
• Prime Minister	Oljas Bektenov
• Chairman of the Senate	Maulen Ashimbayev
• Chairman of the Mazhilis	Nurlan Nigmatulin

Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Mazhilis
Formation

• Kazakh Khanate	1465
• Alash Autonomy	13 December 1917
• Kirghiz ASSR	26 August 1920
• Kazakh ASSR	19 June 1925
• Kazakh SSR	5 December 1936
• Declared Sovereignty	25 October 1990
• Reconstituted as the Republic of Kazakhstan	10 December 1991
• Declared Independence from the USSR	16 December 1991
• CIS Accession	21 December 1991
• Recognized	26 December 1991
• Admitted to the United Nations	2 March 1992
• Current constitution	30 August 1995

Area
• Total	2,724,900 km² (1,052,100 sq mi) (9th)
• Water (%)	1.7
Population
• 2019 estimate	18,448,600^[4] (63rd)
• Density	7/km² (18.1/sq mi) (236th)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$534.271 billion^[5] (41st)
• Per capita	$28,514^[5] (53rd)
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$164.207 billion^[5] (54th)
• Per capita	$8,763^[5] (71st)
Gini (2017)	27.5^[6] low
HDI (2017)	0.800^[7] very high · 58th
Currency	Tenge (₸) (KZT)
Time zone	UTC +5 / +6 (West / East)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+7-6xx, +7-7xx
ISO 3166 code	KZ
Internet TLD	.kz .қаз