Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/doc

This is a documentation subpage for Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state.
It may contain usage information, categories and other content that is not part of the original template page.

Content maintenance (editing this data set)

Oxidation state data (edit)
Standard comments (like, "predicted") (edit)

Usage

Automated used in {{Infobox element}} (talk):

Hg: {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state|symbol=Hg}} → −2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide)
Hs: {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state|symbol=Hs}} → (+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8^[1]^[2]^[3] (parenthesized: prediction)

Comment options


v t e Oxidation states comment options (WP:ELEMENTS (talk))
`\|comment=` options (as of November 2018):
comment=acidic	(an acidic oxide)
comment=mildly acidic	(a mildly acidic oxide)
comment=strongly acidic	(a strongly acidic oxide)
comment=amphoteric	(an amphoteric oxide)
comment=basic	(a basic oxide)
comment=weakly basic	(a weakly basic oxide)
comment=mildly basic	(a mildly basic oxide)
comment=strongly basic	(a strongly basic oxide)
comment=strongly basic expected	(expected to have a strongly basic oxide) -- Ra
comment=oxidizes oxygen	(oxidizes oxygen) -- F
comment=depending	(depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) -- Cr, Mn
comment=rarely non-0, weakly acidic	(rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide) -- Xe
comment=rarely non-0, unk oxide	(rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown) -- Kr

comment=parenthesized	(parenthesized: prediction)
comment=predicted	(predicted)
comment=<any text>	<any text>, including blank

WP:ENGVAR (set `\|engvar=` in article page)
By default, element articles (and so infoboxes) are in `en-US`. In article space, one can call an infobox with `\|engvar=en-GB, en-OED`, which changes these spellings
`comment=parenthesized`
`\|engvar=`	(parenthesized: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-US (default)`	(parenthesized: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-GB`	(brackets: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-OED`	(brackets: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-FOO`	(parenthesized: prediction)

Data

v t e Oxidation states data sets (WP:ELEMENTS talk)
Z	Name	Symbol	complete	main	group	val	note

1	hydrogen	H	−1, 0, +1 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−1, +1 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	1	I
2	helium	He	0 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	0 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	18	0
3	lithium	Li	0^[4], +1 (a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	1	I
4	beryllium	Be	0,^[5] +1,^[6] +2 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	2	II
5	boron	B	−5, −1, 0,^[7] +1, +2, +3^[8]^[9] (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	13	III
6	carbon	C	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,^[10] +2, +3,^[11] +4^[12] (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	14	IV
7	nitrogen	N	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[13] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−3, +3, +5 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	15	V
8	oxygen	O	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	16	VI
9	fluorine	F	−1, 0^[14] (oxidizes oxygen) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−1 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	17	VII
10	neon	Ne	0 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	0 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	18	0
11	sodium	Na	−1, 0,^[15] +1 (a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	1	I
12	magnesium	Mg	0,^[16] +1,^[17] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	2	II
13	aluminium	Al	−2, −1, 0,^[18] +1,^[19] +2,^[20] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	13	III
14	silicon	Si	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,^[21] +1,^[22] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	14	IV
15	phosphorus	P	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[23] +1,^[24] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−3, +3, +5 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	15	V
16	sulfur	S	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−2, +2, +4, +6 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	16	VI
17	chlorine	Cl	−1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−1, +1, +3, +5, +7 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	17	VII
18	argon	Ar	0 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	0 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	18	0
19	potassium	K	−1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	1	I
20	calcium	Ca	+1,^[25] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	2	II
21	scandium	Sc	0,^[26] +1,^[27] +2,^[28] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	3	III
22	titanium	Ti	−2, −1, 0,^[29] +1, +2, +3, +4^[30] (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +3, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	4	IV
23	vanadium	V	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +3, +4, +5 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	5	V
24	chromium	Cr	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +3, +6 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	6	VI
25	manganese	Mn	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +3, +4, +6, +7 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	7	VII
26	iron	Fe	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1,^[31] +2, +3, +4, +5,^[32] +6, +7^[33] (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	8	VIII
27	cobalt	Co	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5^[34] (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	9	VIII
28	nickel	Ni	−2, −1, 0, +1,^[35] +2, +3, +4^[36] (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	10	VIII
29	copper	Cu	−2, 0,^[37] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1, +2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	11	I
30	zinc	Zn	−2, 0, +1, +2 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	12	II
31	gallium	Ga	−5, −4, −3,^[38] −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3^[39] (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	13	III
32	germanium	Ge	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,^[40] +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	14	IV
33	arsenic	As	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[41] +1,^[42] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−3, +3, +5 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	15	V
34	selenium	Se	−2, −1, 0,^[43] +1,^[44] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−2, +2, +4, +6 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	16	VI
35	bromine	Br	−1, 0, +1, +2,^[45] +3, +4, +5, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−1, +1, +3, +5 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	17	VII
36	krypton	Kr	0, +1, +2 (rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	0 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	18	0
37	rubidium	Rb	−1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	1	I
38	strontium	Sr	+1,^[46] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	2	II
39	yttrium	Y	0,^[47] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	3	III
40	zirconium	Zr	−2, 0, +1,^[48] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	4	IV
41	niobium	Nb	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+5 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	5	V
42	molybdenum	Mo	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1,^[49] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+4, +6 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	6	VI
43	technetium	Tc	−3, −1, 0, +1,^[50] +2, +3,^[50] +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+4, +7 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	7	VII
44	ruthenium	Ru	−4, −2, 0, +1,^[51] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	8	VIII
45	rhodium	Rh	−3^[52], −1, 0, +1,^[53] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7^[54] (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	9	VIII
46	palladium	Pd	0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5^[55] (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	0, +2, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	10	VIII
47	silver	Ag	−2, −1, 0,^[56] +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	11	I
48	cadmium	Cd	−2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	12	II
49	indium	In	−5, −2, −1, 0,^[57] +1, +2, +3^[58] (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	13	III
50	tin	Sn	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,^[59] +1,^[60] +2, +3,^[61] +4 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	14	IV
51	antimony	Sb	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[62] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3, +5 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	15	V
52	tellurium	Te	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−2, +2, +4, +6 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	16	VI
53	iodine	I	−1, 0, +1, +2,^[63] +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−1, +1, +3, +5, +7 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	17	VII
54	xenon	Xe	0, +2, +4, +6, +8 (rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	0 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	18	0
55	caesium	Cs	−1, +1^[64] (a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	1	I
56	barium	Ba	+1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	2	II
57	lanthanum	La	0,^[47] +1,^[65] +2, +3 (a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
58	cerium	Ce	+1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
59	praseodymium	Pr	0,^[47] +1,^[66] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
60	neodymium	Nd	0,^[47] +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
61	promethium	Pm	+2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
62	samarium	Sm	0,^[47] +1,^[67] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
63	europium	Eu	0,^[47] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
64	gadolinium	Gd	0,^[47] +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
65	terbium	Tb	0,^[47] +1,^[65] +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
66	dysprosium	Dy	0,^[47] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
67	holmium	Ho	0,^[47] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
68	erbium	Er	0,^[47] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
69	thulium	Tm	0,^[47] +1,^[65] +2, +3 (a basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
70	ytterbium	Yb	0,^[47] +1,^[65] +2, +3 (a basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
71	lutetium	Lu	0,^[47] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	3	III
72	hafnium	Hf	−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	4	IV
73	tantalum	Ta	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+5 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	5	V
74	tungsten	W	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+4, +6 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	6	VI
75	rhenium	Re	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3, +4, +7 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	7	VII
76	osmium	Os	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +3, +4, +8 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	8	VIII
77	iridium	Ir	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9^[68] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1, +3, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	9	VIII
78	platinum	Pt	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	10	VIII
79	gold	Au	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[69] +1, +2, +3, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1, +3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	11	I
80	mercury	Hg	−2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1, +2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	12	II
81	thallium	Tl	−5,^[70] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1, +3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	13	III
82	lead	Pb	−4, −2, −1, 0,^[71] +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	14	IV
83	bismuth	Bi	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[72] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	15	V
84	polonium	Po	−2, +2, +4, +5,^[73] +6 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−2, +2, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	16	VI
85	astatine	At	−1, +1, +3, +5, +7^[74] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	−1, +1 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	17	VII
86	radon	Rn	0, +2, +6 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	0 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	18	0
87	francium	Fr	+1 (expected to have a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+1 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	1	I
88	radium	Ra	+2 (expected to have a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	2	II
89	actinium	Ac	+3 (a strongly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
90	thorium	Th	−1,^[75] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
91	protactinium	Pa	+2, +3, +4, +5 (a weakly basic oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+5 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
92	uranium	U	−1,^[75] +1, +2, +3,^[76] +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+4, +6 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
93	neptunium	Np	+2, +3, +4,^[77] +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+5 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
94	plutonium	Pu	+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
95	americium	Am	+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
96	curium	Cm	+3, +4, +5,^[78] +6^[79] (an amphoteric oxide) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
97	berkelium	Bk	+2, +3, +4, +5^[78] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
98	californium	Cf	+2, +3, +4, +5^[80]^[78] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
99	einsteinium	Es	+2, +3, +4 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
100	fermium	Fm	+2, +3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
101	mendelevium	Md	+2, +3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
102	nobelium	No	+2, +3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	f-block groups	-
103	lawrencium	Lr	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+3 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	3	III
104	rutherfordium	Rf	(+2), (+3), +4^[81]^[82]^[2] (parenthesized: prediction) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+3), +4 (parenthesized: prediction) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	4	IV
105	dubnium	Db	(+3), (+4), +5^[82]^[2] (parenthesized: prediction) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	+5 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	5	V
106	seaborgium	Sg	0, (+3), (+4), (+5), +6^[82]^[2] (parenthesized: prediction) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+4), +6 (parenthesized: prediction) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	6	VI
107	bohrium	Bh	(+3), (+4), (+5), +7^[82]^[2] (parenthesized: prediction) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+3), (+4), (+5), +7 (parenthesized: prediction) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	7	VII
108	hassium	Hs	(+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8^[83]^[2]^[3] (parenthesized: prediction) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+3), (+4) (parenthesized: prediction) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	8	VIII
109	meitnerium	Mt	(+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)^[82]^[84]^[85]^[2] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	9	VIII
110	darmstadtium	Ds	(0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)^[82]^[2] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(0), (+2), (+4) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	10	VIII
111	roentgenium	Rg	(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)^[82]^[2]^[86] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+3) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	11	I
112	copernicium	Cn	0, (+1), +2, (+4), (+6) (parenthesized: prediction)^[82]^[87]^[2]^[88] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	0, +2 Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	12	II
113	nihonium	Nh	(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)^[82]^[2]^[89] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+1), (+3) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	13	III
114	flerovium	Fl	(0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)^[82]^[2]^[90] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+2) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	14	IV
115	moscovium	Mc	(+1), (+3) (predicted)^[82]^[2] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+1), (+3) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	15	V
116	livermorium	Lv	(−2),^[91] (+2), (+4) (predicted)^[82] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+2) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	16	VI
117	tennessine	Ts	(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)^[2]^[82] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+1), (+3) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	17	VII
118	oganesson	Og	(−1),^[82] (0), (+1),^[92] (+2),^[93] (+4),^[93] (+6)^[82] (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+2), (+4) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	18	0
119	ununennium	Uue	(+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)^[82]^[94] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+1) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	1	I
120	unbinilium	Ubn	(+1),^[95] (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)^[82]^[94] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+2) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	2	II
121	unbiunium	Ubu	(+1), (+3) (predicted)^[82]^[96] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+3) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	g-block groups	-
122	unbibium	Ubb	(+4) (predicted)^[97] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+4) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	g-block groups	-
123	unbitrium	Ubt	(+5) (predicted)^[97] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+5) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	g-block groups	-
124	unbiquadium	Ubq	(+6) (predicted)^[97] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+6) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	g-block groups	-
125	unbipentium	Ubp	(+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)^[97] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+6), (+7) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	g-block groups	-
126	unbihexium	Ubh	(+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)^[97] Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	(+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted) Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/sandbox [sbox]	g-block groups	-

References

↑ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 1691. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Düllmann, C. E. (2008). Investigation of group 8 metallocenes @ TASCA (PDF). 7th Workshop on Recoil Separator for Superheavy Element Chemistry TASCA 08. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
↑ Li(0) atoms have been observed in various small lithium-chloride clusters; see Milovanović, Milan; Veličković, Suzana; Veljkovićb, Filip; Jerosimić, Stanka (October 30, 2017). "Structure and stability of small lithium-chloride Li_nCl_m^(0,1+) (n ≥ m, n = 1–6, m = 1–3) clusters". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 19 (45): 30481–30497. doi:10.1039/C7CP04181K. PMID 29114648.
↑ Be(0) has been observed; see "Beryllium(0) Complex Found". Chemistry Europe. 13 June 2016.
↑ "Beryllium: Beryllium(I) Hydride compound data" (PDF). bernath.uwaterloo.ca. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924. S2CID 206540959.
↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.
↑ Schroeder, Melanie. Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden (PDF) (in German). p. 139.
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
↑ Tetrazoles contain a pair of double-bonded nitrogen atoms with oxidation state 0 in the ring. A Synthesis of the parent 1H-tetrazole, CH₂N₄ (two atoms N(0)) is given in Ronald A. Henry and William G. Finnegan, "An Improved Procedure for the Deamination of 5-Aminotetrazole", _J. Am. Chem. Soc._ (1954), 76, 1, 290–291, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a086.
↑ Himmel, D.; Riedel, S. (2007). "After 20 Years, Theoretical Evidence That 'AuF₇' Is Actually AuF₅·F₂". Inorganic Chemistry. 46 (13). 5338–5342. doi:10.1021/ic700431s.
↑ The compound NaCl has been shown in experiments to exists in several unusual stoichiometries under high pressure, including Na₃Cl in which contains a layer of sodium(0) atoms; see Zhang, W.; Oganov, A. R.; Goncharov, A. F.; Zhu, Q.; Boulfelfel, S. E.; Lyakhov, A. O.; Stavrou, E.; Somayazulu, M.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Konôpková, Z. (2013). "Unexpected Stable Stoichiometries of Sodium Chlorides". Science. 342 (6165): 1502–1505. arXiv:1310.7674. Bibcode:2013Sci...342.1502Z. doi:10.1126/science.1244989. PMID 24357316. S2CID 15298372.
↑ Mg(0) has been synthesized in a compound containing a Na₂Mg₂²⁺ cluster coordinated to a bulky organic ligand; see Rösch, B.; Gentner, T. X.; Eyselein, J.; Langer, J.; Elsen, H.; Li, W.; Harder, S. (2021). "Strongly reducing magnesium(0) complexes". Nature. 592 (7856): 717–721. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..717R. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03401-w. PMID 33911274. S2CID 233447380
↑ Bernath, P. F.; Black, J. H. & Brault, J. W. (1985). "The spectrum of magnesium hydride" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal. 298: 375. Bibcode:1985ApJ...298..375B. doi:10.1086/163620.. See also Low valent magnesium compounds.
↑ Unstable carbonyl of Al(0) has been detected in reaction of Al₂(CH₃)₆ with carbon monoxide; see Sanchez, Ramiro; Arrington, Caleb; Arrington Jr., C. A. (December 1, 1989). "Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixes". American Chemical Society. 111 (25): 9110-9111. doi:10.1021/ja00207a023. OSTI 6973516.
↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.
↑ Tyte, D. C. (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature. 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. S2CID 4163250.
↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
↑ Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" (PDF). J. Mol. Spectr. 190 (2): 341–352. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1998.7582. PMID 9668026.
↑ Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460.
↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
↑ Krieck, Sven; Görls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias (2010). "Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (35): 12492–12501. doi:10.1021/ja105534w. PMID 20718434.
↑ Cloke, F. Geoffrey N.; Khan, Karl & Perutz, Robin N. (1991). "η-Arene complexes of scandium(0) and scandium(II)". J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (19): 1372–1373. doi:10.1039/C39910001372.
↑ Smith, R. E. (1973). "Diatomic Hydride and Deuteride Spectra of the Second Row Transition Metals". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 332 (1588): 113–127. Bibcode:1973RSPSA.332..113S. doi:10.1098/rspa.1973.0015. S2CID 96908213.
↑ McGuire, Joseph C.; Kempter, Charles P. (1960). "Preparation and Properties of Scandium Dihydride". Journal of Chemical Physics. 33 (5): 1584–1585. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1584M. doi:10.1063/1.1731452.
↑ Jilek, Robert E.; Tripepi, Giovanna; Urnezius, Eugenijus; Brennessel, William W.; Young, Victor G. Jr.; Ellis, John E. (2007). "Zerovalent titanium–sulfur complexes. Novel dithiocarbamato derivatives of Ti(CO)₆:[Ti(CO)₄(S₂CNR₂)]⁻". Chem. Commun. (25): 2639–2641. doi:10.1039/B700808B. PMID 17579764.
↑ Andersson, N.; et al. (2003). "Emission spectra of TiH and TiD near 938 nm" (PDF). J. Chem. Phys. 118 (8): 10543. Bibcode:2003JChPh.118.3543A. doi:10.1063/1.1539848.
↑ Ram, R. S.; Bernath, P. F. (2003). "Fourier transform emission spectroscopy of the g⁴Δ–a⁴Δ system of FeCl". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 221 (2): 261. Bibcode:2003JMoSp.221..261R. doi:10.1016/S0022-2852(03)00225-X.
↑ Demazeau, G.; Buffat, B.; Pouchard, M.; Hagenmuller, P. (1982). "Recent developments in the field of high oxidation states of transition elements in oxides stabilization of six-coordinated Iron(V)". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 491: 60–66. doi:10.1002/zaac.19824910109.
↑ Lu, J.; Jian, J.; Huang, W.; Lin, H.; Li, J; Zhou, M. (2016). "Experimental and theoretical identification of the Fe(VII) oxidation state in FeO₄⁻". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 18 (45): 31125–31131. Bibcode:2016PCCP...1831125L. doi:10.1039/C6CP06753K. PMID 27812577.
↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1117–1119. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
↑ Pfirrmann, Stefan; Limberg, Christian; Herwig, Christian; Stößer, Reinhard; Ziemer, Burkhard (2009). "A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48 (18): 3357–61. doi:10.1002/anie.200805862. PMID 19322853.
↑ Carnes, Matthew; Buccella, Daniela; Chen, Judy Y.-C.; Ramirez, Arthur P.; Turro, Nicholas J.; Nuckolls, Colin; Steigerwald, Michael (2009). "A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48 (2): 290–4. doi:10.1002/anie.200804435. PMID 19021174.
↑ Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.
↑ Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Dürr, Ines; Bauer, Britta; Röhr, Caroline (2011). "Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)_x(Si,Ge)_1-x. Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen" (PDF). Z. Naturforsch. (in German). 66b: 1107–1121.
↑ Hofmann, Patrick (1997). Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden (PDF) (Thesis) (in German). PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. p. 72. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-001859893. hdl:20.500.11850/143357. ISBN 978-3728125972.
↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
↑ Abraham, Mariham Y.; Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; Shaefer III, Henry F.; Schleyer, P. von R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2010). "Carbene Stabilization of Diarsenic: From Hypervalency to Allotropy". Chemistry: A European Journal. 16 (2): 432–5. doi:10.1002/chem.200902840. PMID 19937872.
↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2004). "Stabilized Arsenic(I) Iodide: A Ready Source of Arsenic Iodide Fragments and a Useful Reagent for the Generation of Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 43 (19): 5981–6. doi:10.1021/ic049281s. PMID 15360247.
↑ A Se(0) atom has been identified using DFT in [ReOSe(2-pySe)₃]; see Cargnelutti, Roberta; Lang, Ernesto S.; Piquini, Paulo; Abram, Ulrich (2014). "Synthesis and structure of [ReOSe(2-Se-py)3]: A rhenium(V) complex with selenium(0) as a ligand". Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 45: 48–50. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2014.04.003. ISSN 1387-7003.
↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
↑ Br(II) is known to occur in bromine monoxide radical; see Kinetics of the bromine monoxide radical + bromine monoxide radical reaction
↑ Colarusso, P.; Guo, B.; Zhang, K.-Q.; Bernath, P. F. (1996). "High-Resolution Infrared Emission Spectrum of Strontium Monofluoride" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 175 (1): 158. Bibcode:1996JMoSp.175..158C. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1996.0019.
↑ ^47.00 ^47.01 ^47.02 ^47.03 ^47.04 ^47.05 ^47.06 ^47.07 ^47.08 ^47.09 ^47.10 ^47.11 ^47.12 ^47.13 Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
↑ "Zirconium: zirconium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ "Molybdenum: molybdenum(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ ^50.0 ^50.1 "Technetium: technetium(III) iodide compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ Ellis J E. Highly Reduced Metal Carbonyl Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Adv. Organomet. Chem, 1990, 31: 1-51.
↑ "Rhodium: rhodium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ Rh(VII) is known in the RhO₃⁺ cation, see Da Silva Santos, Mayara; Stüker, Tony; Flach, Max; Ablyasova, Olesya S.; Timm, Martin; von Issendorff, Bernd; Hirsch, Konstantin; Zamudio‐Bayer, Vicente; Riedel, Sebastian; Lau, J. Tobias (2022). "The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO3]+". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61 (38): e202207688. doi:10.1002/anie.202207688. PMC 9544489. PMID 35818987.
↑ Palladium(V) has been identified in complexes with organosilicon compounds containing pentacoordinate palladium; see Shimada, Shigeru; Li, Yong-Hua; Choe, Yoong-Kee; Tanaka, Masato; Bao, Ming; Uchimaru, Tadafumi (2007). "Multinuclear palladium compounds containing palladium centers ligated by five silicon atoms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (19): 7758–7763. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700450104. PMC 1876520. PMID 17470819.
↑ Ag(0) has been observed in carbonyl complexes in low-temperature matrices: see McIntosh, D.; Ozin, G. A. (1976). "Synthesis using metal vapors. Silver carbonyls. Matrix infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and electron spin resonance spectra, structures, and bonding of silver tricarbonyl, silver dicarbonyl, silver monocarbonyl, and disilver hexacarbonyl". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98 (11): 3167–75. doi:10.1021/ja00427a018.
↑ Unstable In(0) carbonyls and clusters have been detected, see [1], p. 6.
↑ Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e. PMID 11666477.
↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
↑ "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
↑ "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
↑ Anastas Sidiropoulos (2019). "Studies of N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes of the Main Group Elements" (PDF). p. 39. doi:10.4225/03/5B0F4BDF98F60. S2CID 132399530.
↑ I(II) is known to exist in monoxide (IO); see Nikitin, I V (31 August 2008). "Halogen monoxides". Russian Chemical Reviews. 77 (8): 739–749. Bibcode:2008RuCRv..77..739N. doi:10.1070/RC2008v077n08ABEH003788. S2CID 250898175.
↑ Dye, J. L. (1979). "Compounds of Alkali Metal Anions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 18 (8): 587–598. doi:10.1002/anie.197905871.
↑ ^65.0 ^65.1 ^65.2 ^65.3 La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB₈⁻ clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6467. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9. PMC 8578558. PMID 34753931.
↑ Chen, Xin; et al. (2019-12-13). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB^3– and PrB^4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295. S2CID 56148031.
↑ SmB₆^- cluster anion has been reported and contains Sm in rare oxidation state of +1; see Paul, J. Robinson; Xinxing, Zhang; Tyrel, McQueen; Kit, H. Bowen; Anastassia, N. Alexandrova (2017). "SmB₆^– Cluster Anion: Covalency Involving f Orbitals". J. Phys. Chem. A 2017, 121, 8, 1849–1854. 121 (8): 1849–1854. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00247. PMID 28182423. S2CID 3723987..
↑ Wang, Guanjun; Zhou, Mingfei; Goettel, James T.; Schrobilgen, Gary G.; Su, Jing; Li, Jun; Schlöder, Tobias; Riedel, Sebastian (2014). "Identification of an iridium-containing compound with a formal oxidation state of IX". Nature. 514 (7523): 475–477. Bibcode:2014Natur.514..475W. doi:10.1038/nature13795. PMID 25341786. S2CID 4463905.
↑ Mézaille, Nicolas; Avarvari, Narcis; Maigrot, Nicole; Ricard, Louis; Mathey, François; Le Floch, Pascal; Cataldo, Laurent; Berclaz, Théo; Geoffroy, Michel (1999). "Gold(I) and Gold(0) Complexes of Phosphinine‐Based Macrocycles". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 38 (21): 3194–3197. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19991102)38:21<3194::AID-ANIE3194>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 10556900.
↑ Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅⁷⁻, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z. PMID 11666505.
↑ Pb(0) carbonyls have been observered in reaction between lead atoms and carbon monoxide; see Ling, Jiang; Qiang, Xu (2005). "Observation of the lead carbonyls Pb_nCO (n=1–4): Reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (3): 034505. 122 (3): 34505. Bibcode:2005JChPh.122c4505J. doi:10.1063/1.1834915. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 15740207.
↑ Bi(0) state exists in a N-heterocyclic carbene complex of dibismuthene; see Deka, Rajesh; Orthaber, Andreas (May 6, 2022). "Carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth: origin, evolution and future prospects". Royal Society of Chemistry. 51 (22): 8540–8556. doi:10.1039/d2dt00755j. PMID 35578901. S2CID 248675805.
↑ Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. 10: 78. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8.
↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
↑ ^75.0 ^75.1 Th(-I) and U(-I) have been detected in the gas phase as octacarbonyl anions; see Chaoxian, Chi; Sudip, Pan; Jiaye, Jin; Luyan, Meng; Mingbiao, Luo; Lili, Zhao; Mingfei, Zhou; Gernot, Frenking (2019). "Octacarbonyl Ion Complexes of Actinides [An(CO)₈]^+/− (An=Th, U) and the Role of f Orbitals in Metal–Ligand Bonding". Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 25 (50): 11772–11784. 25 (50): 11772–11784. doi:10.1002/chem.201902625. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 6772027. PMID 31276242.
↑ Morss, L.R.; Edelstein, N.M.; Fuger, J., eds. (2006). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-9048131464.
↑ Np(II), (III) and (IV) have been observed, see Dutkiewicz, Michał S.; Apostolidis, Christos; Walter, Olaf; Arnold, Polly L (2017). "Reduction chemistry of neptunium cyclopentadienide complexes: from structure to understanding". Chem. Sci. 8 (4): 2553–2561. doi:10.1039/C7SC00034K. PMC 5431675. PMID 28553487.
↑ ^78.0 ^78.1 ^78.2 Kovács, Attila; Dau, Phuong D.; Marçalo, Joaquim; Gibson, John K. (2018). "Pentavalent Curium, Berkelium, and Californium in Nitrate Complexes: Extending Actinide Chemistry and Oxidation States". Inorg. Chem. 57 (15). American Chemical Society: 9453–9467. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450. OSTI 1631597. PMID 30040397. S2CID 51717837.
↑ Domanov, V. P.; Lobanov, Yu. V. (October 2011). "Formation of volatile curium(VI) trioxide CmO₃". Radiochemistry. 53 (5). SP MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica: 453–6. doi:10.1134/S1066362211050018. S2CID 98052484.
↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 1265. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
↑ "Rutherfordium". Royal Chemical Society. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
↑ ^82.00 ^82.01 ^82.02 ^82.03 ^82.04 ^82.05 ^82.06 ^82.07 ^82.08 ^82.09 ^82.10 ^82.11 ^82.12 ^82.13 ^82.14 ^82.15 ^82.16 ^82.17 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
↑ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 1691. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
↑ Ionova, G. V.; Ionova, I. S.; Mikhalko, V. K.; Gerasimova, G. A.; Kostrubov, Yu. N.; Suraeva, N. I. (2004). "Halides of Tetravalent Transactinides (Rf, Db, Sg, Bh, Hs, Mt, 110th Element): Physicochemical Properties". Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry. 30 (5): 352. doi:10.1023/B:RUCO.0000026006.39497.82. S2CID 96127012.
↑ Himmel, Daniel; Knapp, Carsten; Patzschke, Michael; Riedel, Sebastian (2010). "How Far Can We Go? Quantum-Chemical Investigations of Oxidation State +IX". ChemPhysChem. 11 (4): 865–9. doi:10.1002/cphc.200900910. PMID 20127784.
↑ Conradie, Jeanet; Ghosh, Abhik (15 June 2019). "Theoretical Search for the Highest Valence States of the Coinage Metals: Roentgenium Heptafluoride May Exist". Inorganic Chemistry. 2019 (58): 8735–8738. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01139. PMID 31203606. S2CID 189944098.
↑ Gäggeler, Heinz W.; Türler, Andreas (2013). "Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Elements". The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 415–483. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37466-1_8. ISBN 978-3-642-37465-4. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
↑ Hu, Shu-Xian; Zou, Wenli (23 September 2021). "Stable copernicium hexafluoride (CnF₆) with an oxidation state of VI+". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2022 (24): 321–325. doi:10.1039/D1CP04360A. PMID 34889909.
↑ Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". In Barysz, Maria; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki (eds.). Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. Vol. 10. Springer. pp. 63–67. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8.
↑ Schwerdtfeger, Peter; Seth, Michael (2002). "Relativistic Quantum Chemistry of the Superheavy Elements. Closed-Shell Element 114 as a Case Study" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences. 3 (1): 133–136. doi:10.14494/jnrs2000.3.133. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
↑ Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. 10: 83. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8.
↑ Han, Young-Kyu; Bae, Cheolbeom; Son, Sang-Kil; Lee, Yoon Sup (2000). "Spin–orbit effects on the transactinide p-block element monohydrides MH (M=element 113–118)". Journal of Chemical Physics. 112 (6): 2684. Bibcode:2000JChPh.112.2684H. doi:10.1063/1.480842.
↑ ^93.0 ^93.1 Kaldor, Uzi; Wilson, Stephen (2003). Theoretical Chemistry and Physics of Heavy and Superheavy Elements. Springer. p. 105. ISBN 978-1402013713. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
↑ ^94.0 ^94.1 Cao, Chang-Su; Hu, Han-Shi; Schwarz, W. H. Eugen; Li, Jun (2022). "Periodic Law of Chemistry Overturns for Superheavy Elements". ChemRxiv (preprint). doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-l798p. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
↑ Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. 10: 84. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8.
↑ Amador, Davi H. T.; de Oliveira, Heibbe C. B.; Sambrano, Julio R.; Gargano, Ricardo; de Macedo, Luiz Guilherme M. (12 September 2016). "4-Component correlated all-electron study on Eka-actinium Fluoride (E121F) including Gaunt interaction: Accurate analytical form, bonding and influence on rovibrational spectra". Chemical Physics Letters. 662: 169–175. Bibcode:2016CPL...662..169A. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.025. hdl:11449/168956.
↑ ^97.0 ^97.1 ^97.2 ^97.3 ^97.4 Pyykkö, Pekka (2011). "A suggested periodic table up to Z ≤ 172, based on Dirac–Fock calculations on atoms and ions". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 13 (1): 161–8. Bibcode:2011PCCP...13..161P. doi:10.1039/c0cp01575j. PMID 20967377.


v t e Oxidation states comment options (WP:ELEMENTS (talk))
`\|comment=` options (as of November 2018):
comment=acidic	(an acidic oxide)
comment=mildly acidic	(a mildly acidic oxide)
comment=strongly acidic	(a strongly acidic oxide)
comment=amphoteric	(an amphoteric oxide)
comment=basic	(a basic oxide)
comment=weakly basic	(a weakly basic oxide)
comment=mildly basic	(a mildly basic oxide)
comment=strongly basic	(a strongly basic oxide)
comment=strongly basic expected	(expected to have a strongly basic oxide) -- Ra
comment=oxidizes oxygen	(oxidizes oxygen) -- F
comment=depending	(depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) -- Cr, Mn
comment=rarely non-0, weakly acidic	(rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide) -- Xe
comment=rarely non-0, unk oxide	(rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown) -- Kr

comment=parenthesized	(parenthesized: prediction)
comment=predicted	(predicted)
comment=<any text>	<any text>, including blank

WP:ENGVAR (set `\|engvar=` in article page)
By default, element articles (and so infoboxes) are in `en-US`. In article space, one can call an infobox with `\|engvar=en-GB, en-OED`, which changes these spellings
`comment=parenthesized`
`\|engvar=`	(parenthesized: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-US (default)`	(parenthesized: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-GB`	(brackets: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-OED`	(brackets: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-FOO`	(parenthesized: prediction)

v t e Chemical element data sets
ID	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-name}} · ID overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-Z}} {{Infobox element/Z-to-symbol}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-QID}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol}} (symbol self-check, formatting)
Periodic table	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-group}} 1–18 · overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-period}} ① –⑧ · overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-block}} s-p-d-f-g {{Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol-NESW}} (neighbours in the PT)
Properties (overview)	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-metal-moid-nonmetal}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-occurrence}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-phase}} (state of matter) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-allotropes}} IB · overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration}} (overview) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-term-symbol}} · (overview; as used) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-valence-group}}
Etymology	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol-etymology}} (11x, non-trivial, overview)
enwiki	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-pagename}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-shyphen-name}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-pronunciation}} · overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-article-quality}} (not in mainspace) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-odd-even}} (Z; to alternate table background)
Images	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image}}, {{caption}}, {{alt text}} · overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-spectral-lines-image}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-zh}} (not mainspace) · ID overview {{Infobox element/symbol-to-pymol-color}} · {{PyMOL color}} (not in mainspace)
Isotopes	{{saw}} (overview, WD:s.a.w. comparing enwiki-wikidata) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/year-changed}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope}} (when not stable only)
Wikidata	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration}} (overview) [WD:electron configuration (P8000)] {{Infobox element/symbol-to-term-symbol}} · (Overview; as used) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} [WD:oxidation state (P1121)] {{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw}} standard atomic weight (overview; s.a.w. comparing enwiki-wikidata) [WD:mass (P2067)] {{IDs}} · {{Pronunciation}} [WD:Unicode character (P487)] {{elconfig}} [WD:electron configuration (P8000)] {{Infobox element/symbol-to-zh}} · (ID overview) [WD:Unicode character (P487)] — not in mainspace
Overviews	{{IDs}} · {{Pronunciation}} {{Properties}} {{elconfig}} s.a.w. overview · (s.a.w. compare enwiki–wikidata) period 8 overview (E119; theoretical element pages) {{Oxidation state}} · {{List of oxidation states of the elements}} Infobox formatting overview: group, period, block
Data hardcoded (not using these datalists)	{{element cell}} etc., in articles: element cell articles, cell-linked, cell-large, cell-property articles: {{List of elements}} infobox references: List of References (like m.p., b.p.)
nav	{{Infobox element/symbol-to--overview1}}
Category:Infobox element data sets (11) (overviews) · Category:Infobox element templates by element (119) · All pages beginning with Template:Infobox element/symbol-to- · All pages beginning with Template:Infobox element/ meta templates: {{Infobox element}} · {{Infobox isotopes (meta)}}