United States presidential pets
pets of US presidents and their families
United States presidents have often kept pets while in office, or pets have been part of their families.[1] Only James K. Polk, Andrew Johnson, and Donald Trump did not have presidential pets while in office.[2] The pets are often known as "First Pets" of the United States.
List of First Pets
changePresident | Pet(s) |
---|---|
George Washington |
|
John Adams | |
Thomas Jefferson |
|
James Madison |
|
James Monroe | |
John Quincy Adams |
|
Andrew Jackson |
|
Martin Van Buren |
|
William Henry Harrison | |
John Tyler |
|
James K. Polk |
|
Zachary Taylor | |
Millard Fillmore | |
Franklin Pierce |
|
James Buchanan |
|
Abraham Lincoln |
|
Andrew Johnson | |
Ulysses S. Grant |
|
Rutherford B. Hayes |
|
James A. Garfield | |
Chester A. Arthur | |
Grover Cleveland |
|
Benjamin Harrison |
|
William McKinley |
|
Theodore Roosevelt |
|
William Howard Taft |
|
Woodrow Wilson |
|
Warren G. Harding | |
Calvin Coolidge |
|
Herbert Hoover |
|
Franklin D. Roosevelt |
|
Harry S. Truman |
|
Dwight D. Eisenhower |
|
John F. Kennedy |
|
Lyndon B. Johnson | |
Richard Nixon | |
Gerald Ford |
|
Jimmy Carter |
|
Ronald Reagan |
|
George H. W. Bush | |
Bill Clinton | |
George W. Bush |
|
Barack Obama | |
Donald Trump | Mitch McConnell (January 2016-January 2020) -- Turtle |
Joe Biden |
|
- Key
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Number unknown
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 Breed unknown
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 Species unknown
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 Name unknown
Notes
change- ↑ Washington was an avid dog breeder; he called the breed that he was developing "Virginia Hounds"; which eventually became American Foxhounds[5][6]
- ↑ Some sources reference the name "Polly"[12]
- ↑ The East Room was still under repair following the 1814 burning of the White House by the British, and was primarily used for storage. During the visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States, Lafayette acquired several tons of gifts (including the alligator) that was stored there.[24][25] much to the consternation of visitors.[26] Possibly sent to France aboard the USS Brandywine
- ↑ See: Conveying Marquis de Lafayette to France
- ↑ Number uncertain, perhaps received as many as seven. "Pierce was thought to have kept one dog, and he gave the other to his Secretary of War, Jefferson Davis. Davis was particularly pleased with the dog and was known to have carried it with him in his pocket."[33]
- ↑ Illustration from St. Nicholas (1908); original caption: "With an amused bow, the President escorted the Ambassadress around 'Slippers' and kept on his way toward the East Room."[51]
- ↑ Checkers died in 1964, before Nixon became president, but had played a major role in his electoral career
References
change- ↑ "Presidential Pet Museum". Presidential Pet Museum. Archived from the original on April 10, 2001. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
- ↑ Park, Andrea (February 12, 2019). "Donald Trump Is Still Against Dogs, No Matter How 'Good Politically' They Look". W Magazine. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 Pamela Redmond Satran (November 5, 2012). "Do You Have a Dog in This Election? Pets Are Presidential". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
- ↑ "Soldier, Statesman, Dog-Lover: George Washington's Pups". George Washington's Mount Vernon. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- ↑ "American Foxhound History & Training/Temperament". American Kennel Club. Archived from the original on March 5, 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- ↑ "Dogs". George Washington's Mount Vernon. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 Choron, 20.
- ↑ Mary V. Thompson. "Donkeys". George Washington's Mount Vernon. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ↑ Mary Brigid Barrett. "Presidential Menageries: Washington's Mules and Hounds". Our White House. The National Children's Book and Literacy Alliance. Archived from the original on April 30, 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
- ↑ "Nelson (Horse)". George Washington's Mount Vernon. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 "Spring 1999: Presidential Pets". Inside the White House. nara.gov. Archived from the original on December 31, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Doering, Laura (14 February 2013). "Presidents & Their Pet Parrots". Pet Birds by Lafeber Co. Lafeber. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ↑ Wolf, Alissa. "First Pets: A History of Critters in the White House". About.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Calkhoven, Laurie (2007). George Washington: An American Life. Edison, NJ: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 91. ISBN 9781402735462.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "White House Pets (1789–1850) – Presidential Pet Museum". Archived from the original on September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- ↑ "Mockingbirds". Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ↑ "Dogs". Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ↑ "Grizzly Bears". Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ↑ "Caractacus". Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
- ↑ "James Monroe Biography – Presidential Pet Museum". Presidential Pet Museum. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
- ↑ The Handy Science Answer Book. Visible Ink Press. 2011. ISBN 9781578593217. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
- ↑ "Louisa Adams Biography". www.firstladies.org. National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Lang, Heather. "Lions and Tigers and Bears, Oh My! Animals at the White House". Our White House. National Children's Book and Literacy Alliance. Archived from the original on September 21, 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
- ↑ Whitcomb, John; Whitcomb, Claire (2002). Real Life at the White House: Two Hundred Years of Daily Life at America's Most Famous Residence. Psychology Press. p. 52. ISBN 9780415939515.
- ↑ Pearce, John Newton (1963). "1963: "The Creation of the President's House" in Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C.". Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C. 63/65: 37. JSTOR 40067353.
- ↑ Truman, Margaret (2016). White House Pets. New Word City. p. 5. ISBN 9781612309392.
- ↑ Hager, Andrew (21 February 2018). "Bitten by an Alligator". Presidential Pet Museum. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ↑ Dorre, Howard (19 February 2018). "John Quincy Adams's Pet Alligator Was A Crock". Plodding through the Presidents. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Longley, Robert (29 June 2017). "First Pets: Animals in the White House". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Dessem, Matthew (31 January 2021). "The Best (and Worst) Presidential Pets in American History, Ranked". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- ↑ The Handy Science Answer Book. Visible Ink Press. 2011. ISBN 9781578593217. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
- ↑ "Apollo, Zachary Taylor's Pony". Presidential Pet Museum. 6 January 2014. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Kate Kelly (5 August 2015). "Teacup Dogs Owned by President Franklin Pierce". America Comes Alive. Archived from the original on August 27, 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- ↑ King, Gilbert. "The History of Pardoning Turkeys Began With Tad Lincoln". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ↑ Ackermann, Ann Marie (11 July 2017). "Lincoln's dog Fido: A Faithful Pet Assassinated Like His Master". www.annmarieackermann.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ↑ McClarey, Donald R. (30 Jan 2011). "Lincoln's Dog Fido". The American Catholic. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ↑ Coren, Stanley (12 Oct 2011). "Why Are Dogs So Frequently Called "Fido"?". Psychology Today. Canine Corner: Sussex Publishers. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ↑ "Where Does the Dog Name Fido Come From?". American Kennel Club. 1 Jan 2009. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ↑ "Abraham Lincoln's Cats". January 9, 2014. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
- ↑ "Andrew Johnson's Mice".
- ↑ Bushong, William. "Presidents as Horsemen". The White House Historical Association. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- ↑ "Ulysses S. Grant and His Horses During and After the Civil War". The Ulysses S. Grant Information Center. College of St. Scholastica. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ↑ Sickles letter about Siamese cat. Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center.
- ↑ Kate Kelly (13 July 2016). "Grover Cleveland's Dogs and Other Pets". America Comes Alive. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 "Pets in the White House". White House for Kids. nara.gov. Archived from the original on February 20, 2001. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ↑ Kelly, Kate (25 August 2013). "The Pets in the Benjamin Harrison White House". America Comes Alive. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ↑ Best, Jama A. "Opossums and the Presidency: A Tail of Intrigue and The White House" (PDF). UA Little Rock Center for Arkansas History and Culture. University of Arkansas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 11, 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
- ↑ Cox, Ana Marie (20 August 2013). "Top 10 presidential pets in US history". the Guardian. Opinion. Archived from the original on May 11, 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
- ↑ "1896: The Republican Platform". projects.vassar.edu. Vassar College. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle. "Russell Harrison’s Alligator Didn't Influence His Friends' Luck." 9 May 1890. Via: "FACT CHECK: Were Alligators Ever Kept as White House Pets?". Snopes.com. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
- ↑ Riis, Jacob A. (January 1908). ""Slippers," The White House Cat". St. Nicholas. Vol. XXXV, no. 3. p. 203. Retrieved May 29, 2018 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ 52.00 52.01 52.02 52.03 52.04 52.05 52.06 52.07 52.08 52.09 52.10 52.11 52.12 52.13 52.14 52.15 "The Roosevelt Pets". National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
(Reprinted from the National Archives and Records Administration)
- ↑ McClintock, J. N. (1904). New England Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly, Volume 29. Boston: America Company. p. 601. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- ↑ Roosevelt, Theodore (June 21, 1904). "53. Bill the Lizard". www.bartleby.com. Theodore Roosevelt’s Letters to His Children. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 Roosevelt, Theodore (May 10, 1903). "20. More Treasures". www.bartleby.com. Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ↑ "Why did Alice Roosevelt own a pet snake named Emily Spinach?". www.childrensmuseum.org. The Children's Museum of Indianapolis. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ↑ Roosevelt, Theodore (1919). Bishop, Joseph B. (ed.). Letters to his children. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 19. ISBN 9781623769864. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
- ↑ Thompson, Madeleine (15 September 2015). "A Small Bear Named Jonathan Edwards". WCS Archives Blog. Wildlife Conservation Society. Archived from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
- ↑ Tanner, Beccy (September 10, 2012). "Pet Kansas badger once roamed White House". Wichita Eagle. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
- ↑ Roosevelt, Theodore (May 28, 1904). "49. Peter Rabbit's Funeral". www.bartleby.com. Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
- ↑ "Presidential Pets". CBS News. CBS Interactive Inc. 4 October 2016. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ↑ Twain, Mark (1872). "Chapter LXI". Roughing It. Archived from the original on March 25, 2006. Retrieved 7 May 2018 – via Project Gutenberg.
- ↑ "America's First Presidential Hyena". Ethiopianism-Ethiopiawinet Online Revival. 14 November 2012. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- ↑ "Presidential pets: The Roosevelts' menagerie". CBS News. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
- ↑ "William Taft's Caruso". Presidential Pet Museum. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
- ↑ "Pauline Wayne, President Taft's Famous Cow". Presidential Pet Museum. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 Kelly, Kate (15 August 2012). "The Pets of Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924)". America Comes Alive. Archived from the original on May 11, 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
- ↑ "Why did President Woodrow Wilson keep a flock of sheep on the White House lawn?". White House Historical Association. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ↑ "White House Pets in the Past". WhiteHouseHistory.org. White House Historical Association. Gallery image description: 6 / 7. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ↑ Betsy (July 1, 2013). "Pay a Call on Petey the Canary at Warren G. Harding's Marion Home". Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
- ↑ "Pete, pet squirrel at the Executive Mansion, is causing Laddie Boy to look to his laurels". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ↑ "Warren Harding's Pete". Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 73.4 73.5 73.6 73.7 73.8 Pietrusza, David. ""Wombats and Such": Calvin and Grace Coolidge and Their Pets". www.davidpietrusza.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ↑ 74.00 74.01 74.02 74.03 74.04 74.05 74.06 74.07 74.08 74.09 Houghton, Leah. "The Coolidge Pets". coolidgefoundation.org. Calvin Coolidge Presidential Foundation. Archived from the original on January 27, 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ↑ 75.0 75.1 Stephen Bauer, At Ease in the White House: Social Life as Seen by a Presidential Military Aide, Taylor Trade Publications, 2004. ISBN 1-58979-079-0. p. 224.
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 Costello, Matthew (June 8, 2018). "Raccoons at the White House". The White House Historical Association. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
- ↑ Roby, Marguerite (25 September 2012). "Goody Goody Gumdrops". Smithsonian Institution Archives. Archived from the original on November 9, 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
- ↑ Theis, Michael (16 May 2013). "Hoover's Opossum Brings Luck to Hyattsville Baseball Team". Hyattsville, MD Patch. Patch Media. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
- ↑ "Hoover Possum Promised Lads". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane Wash. Associated Press. July 16, 1929. p. 9. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
- ↑ Burris, Cassie. "Ohio History". OhioHistory.org. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 "The First Family's Pets". The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum. National Archives and Records Administration. 8 May 2017. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ↑ 82.00 82.01 82.02 82.03 82.04 82.05 82.06 82.07 82.08 82.09 82.10 82.11 82.12 82.13 82.14 82.15 82.16 82.17 82.18 82.19 82.20 82.21 82.22 82.23 82.24 82.25 Sandra Choron, Planet Dog: A Doglopedia, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2005, ISBN 0-618-51752-9. p. 21.
- ↑ Amy Ruth, Herbert Hoover, Twenty-First Century Books, 2004, ISBN 0-8225-0821-4. p. 64.
- ↑ Wayne Bryant Eldridge, Tom Kerr The Best Pet Name Book Ever!, Barron's Educational Series, 2003, ISBN 0-7641-2499-4. p. 29.
- ↑ "FDR's German Shepherd, Major". Presidential Pet Museum. 5 March 2016. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ↑ "President Truman's Dog, Feller". Highland-ohio.com. January 12, 1948. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Prezs' best friend: Dogs, cats and a raccoon among presidential pets over the years". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018. (slide 11/26)
- ↑ West, Tracey (September 13, 2016). Hail to the chief! : fun facts and activities about the US presidents. New York. ISBN 9780399541469. OCLC 933567941.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "White House Pets". Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum & Boyhood Home. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- ↑ Sally Bedell Smith, Grace And Power, Random House, Inc., 2006, ISBN 0-345-48497-5, p. 219.
- ↑ 91.0 91.1 91.2 91.3 91.4 91.5 "Pets – John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum". Jfklibrary.org. December 3, 1961. Archived from the original on August 22, 2006. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Caroline Kennedy's Pet Ducks". White House Historical Society. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ↑ "White House Christmas Cards & Messages from John F. Kennedy". 17 January 2010. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ↑ Smith, 125.
- ↑ Robert Knudsen. "KN-C30039. Kennedy Family with Pony, Leprechaun". White House Photographs. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ↑ Morrow, Laurie Bogart (October 9, 2012). The Giant Book of Dog Names. p. 414. ISBN 9781451666915.
- ↑ "JFK's German shepherd, Clipper". January 24, 2016. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ↑ Smith, 293, 489.
- ↑ 99.0 99.1 99.2 99.3 Lyndon B. Johnson Library and Museum President Johnson's Dogs Archived July 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 100.0 100.1 100.2 100.3 Bryant, Traphes, with Frances Spatz Leighton, Dog Days at the White House: The Outrageous Memoirs of the Presidential Kennel Keeper, New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1975. ISBN 0-671-80533-9
- ↑ Thomas, Nick (19 February 2018). "A salute to the presidents' pets". NewsOK.com. The Oklahoman. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
- ↑ "Lyndon B. Johnson's Pet Info". Exoticdogs.com. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
- ↑ 103.0 103.1 103.2 "Richard M. Nixon". June 5, 2004. Archived from the original on June 5, 2004.
- ↑ Bauer, 8.
- ↑ Ford Presidential Library and Museum, Ford Family White House and Pets Archived February 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Tribune, Chicago. "Presidential pets". chicagotribune.com. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
- ↑ "Presidential Pooch – Grits, the Impeached First Dog | Bully Sticks". Bullysticksinfo.com. November 21, 2008. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
- ↑ Diego, Alpha (November 14, 2016). "Presidential Dogs: Past U.S. Presidents and Their Fur Babies". dogbreedsjournal.com. Dog Breeds Journal. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ↑ "Ronald Reagan Presidential Library". Reagan.utexas.edu. Archived from the original on June 21, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
- ↑ 110.0 110.1 110.2 110.3 110.4 Stanley Coren, Why Does My Dog Act That Way?, Simon and Schuster, 2007, ISBN 0-7432-7707-4. p. 6.
- ↑ 111.0 111.1 111.2 111.3 111.4 111.5 Stanley Coren, Why We Love the Dogs We Do: How to Find the Dog That Matches Your Personality, Simon and Schuster, 2000, ISBN 0-684-85502-X. p. 5.
- ↑ Coren, Why Does my Dog..., 7.
- ↑ "Ronald Reagan's Ranch Horses - Presidential Pet Museum". Presidential Pet Museum. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
- ↑ "President Reagan, whose favorite horse died last month, rode..." UPI. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
- ↑ "Ranch". Ronald Reagan Presidential Library - National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
- ↑ George H. W. Bush, All the Best, George Bush Simon and Schuster, 2000, p. 595, correspondence from September 10, 1996, ISBN 0-7432-0048-9, 978-0-7432-0048-6
- ↑ 117.0 117.1 Bailey, Holly (April 24, 2013). "Laura Bush: New library is not 'a monument' to her husband". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on April 25, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ↑ Barack Obama (August 19, 2013). "Meet the newest member of the Obama family: Sunny". Facebook. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
- ↑ Hannah August (August 19, 2013). "Meet Sunny: The Obamas' New Puppy". The White House Blog. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
- ↑ 120.0 120.1 Sophie Vershbow (7 November 2020). "Another Great Thing About Biden's Win: There's Going to Be a Dog in the White House Again!". Vogue. Retrieved November 7, 2020.