List of countries in the 1850s

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Sovereign states

A

• Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
  Capital: Kabul
• Andorra – Principality of Andorra
  Capital: Andorra la Vella
• Angoche – Angoche Sultanate
  Capital: Angoche
• Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg
  Capital: Bernburg
• Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau
  Capital: Dessau
• Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
  Capital: Mbarara
• Annam – Empire of Annam
  Capital: Huế
• Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
  Capital: Monsol
• Argentina – Argentine Confederation
  Capital: Paraná, Entre Ríos (from 1853)
• Aro – Aro Confederacy
  Capital: Arochukwu
• Ashanti – Asante Union
  Capital: Kumasi
• Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
  Capital: Asaita
• Austrian Empire – Austrian Empire
  Capital: Vienna

B

• Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
  Capital: Karlsruhe
• Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
  Capital: Massenya
• Bamana – Bambara Empire
  Capital: Ségou
• Baol – Kingdom of Baol
  Capital: Diourbel
• Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland
• Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland
• Baté Empire – Baté Empire
  Capital: Kankan
• Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria
  Capital: Munich
• Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
  Capital: Brussels
• Benin – Benin Empire
  Capital: Benin City
• Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
  Capital: Thimphu
• Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia
  Capital: Prague
• → Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
  Capital: La Paz
• Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
  Capital: Vaitape
• Bornu – Bornu Empire
  Capital: Ngazargamu
• Brazil – Empire of Brazil
  Capital: Rio de Janeiro
• Bremen – Free City of Bremen
• British India - Indian Empire
  Capital: Calcutta
• Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
• Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick
• Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
• Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
• Bundu - State of Bundu to 1858
• Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
• Burma – Kingdom of Burma
• Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

C

• Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
• Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
• Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy (from December 8)
• Chile – Republic of Chile
• China – Great Qing Empire

Cook Islands Rarotonga

• Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
• Couto Misto
• Croatia – Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) (In Personal union with Kingdom of Hungary)

D

• Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
• Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
• Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
• Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic

E

• Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
• El Salvador – El Salvador
• Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

F

• Fiji – Tui Viti
• Finland – Grand Duchy of Finland
• France
  • French Republic (to December 2, 1852)
  • French Empire (from December 2, 1852)
• Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt
• Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
• Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

G

• Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom
• Garo – Kingdom of Garo
• Gaza – Gaza Empire
• Gera – Kingdom of Gera
• Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
• Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (from May 22, 1858)
• Greece – Kingdom of Greece
• → → Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
• Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma
• Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman

H

• Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
• → Haiti
  • Empire of Haiti (to January 15, 1859)
  • Republic of Haiti (from January 15, 1859)
• Hamburg – Free city of Hamburg
• Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover
• Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
• Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
• Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg
• Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse
• Hohenzollern-Hechingen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (to April 8, 1850)
• Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (to April 6, 1850)
• Holstein – Duchy of Holstein
• Honduras – Republic of Honduras
• Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine
• Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
• Huraa – Huraa dynasty
• Hyderabad State (princely state of British India)

J

• Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
• Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
• Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
• Johor – Johor Sultanate
• Jolof – Jolof Kingdom

K

• Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu
• Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul (from 1858)
• Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
• Kathiri – Kathiri Sultanate of Seiyun in Hadramaut
• Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
• Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
• Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
• Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
• Kong – Kong Empire
• Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
• → Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
• Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

L

• Liberia – Republic of Liberia
• → Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
• Limburg – Duchy of Limburg
• Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
• Lippe – Principality of Lippe-Detmoldt
• Loango – Kingdom of Loango
• Lombardy-Venetia – Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
• Luba – Luba Empire
• Lubeck – Free City of Lubeck
• Lunda – Lunda Empire
• Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

• Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
• Mangareva – Kingdom of Mangareva
• Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
• Maryland – State of Maryland in Africa (from 29 May 1854 to 18 March 1857)
• Massina – Massina Empire
• Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
• Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
• Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
• Mexico – Republic of Mexico
• Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
• Modena – Duchies of Modena and Reggio
• Moldavia - Principality of Moldavia
• Monaco – Principality of Monaco
• → Montenegro
  • Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (to March 13, 1852)
  • Principality of Montenegro (from March 13, 1852)
• Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
• Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (from 1856)

N

• Nassau – Duchy of Nassau
• Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
• Nejd – Emirate of Nejd
• Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
• Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
• New Granada – Republic of New Granada (renamed Granadine Confederation on May 22, 1858)
• → → Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
• Norway – Kingdom of Norway (in personal union with Sweden)
• Nri – Kingdom of Nri

O

• Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
• Orange Free State – Republic of Orange Free State (from February 17, 1854)
• Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
• Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
• Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

• Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
• Papal States – States of the Church
• Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
• Parma – Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (to December 8, 1859)
• Perak – Sultanate of Perak
• Persia – Sublime State of Persia
• Peru – Peruvian Republic
• Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
• Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia

Q

• Qu'aiti – Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Muqalla in Hadramaut

R

• Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
• Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
• Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga (from 1858)
• Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line
• Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line
• → Russia – Russian Empire
• Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
• Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

S

• Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
• San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
• Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
• Sardinia – Kingdom of Sardinia
• Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
• Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
• Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
• Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony
• Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
• Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
• Serbia – Principality of Serbia
• Siam – Kingdom of Siam
• Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
• Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate

South African Republic Transvaal

• Spain – Kingdom of Spain
• Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
• Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway)
• Switzerland – Swiss Confederation

T

• Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
• Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
• Toro – Toro Kingdom
• Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
• Transvaal – South African Republic (from June 27, 1856)
• Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany
• Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

U

• United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
• → United States – United States of America
• United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
• Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

V

• → → Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela

W

• Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
• Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
• Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg

Y

• Yeke – Yeke Kingdom (from 1856)

Z

• Zululand – Sublime State of Persia

Non-sovereign territories

Oldenburg

• Lordship of In- and Kniphausen, protectorate of Oldenburg to 1854.

United Kingdom

• Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope

States claiming sovereignty

• Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
• Germany – German Empire (to November 29, 1850)
• Goust – Republic of Goust
• State of Buenos Aires (from September 11, 1852)
• Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (from January 11, 1851)
• Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara

Political entities in the 19th century
Preceded by 1840s	Political entities in the 1850s	Succeeded by 1860s