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Caecilian change

  • yahoo - http://articles.gourt.com/?article=Caecilians
  • yahoo - http://www.petassociation.org/exotic/pet-caecilians.html
  • yahoo - http://www.zgeek.com/forum/showthread.php?t=62389
    • river coming from farther north. No studies have been made in central Africa, but it is likely that caecilians are found in the tropical rainforests there. The northernmost distribution is of the species Ichthyophis sikkimensis of Northern India. In Africa caecilians are found from Guinea Bissau (Geotrypetes) until Northern Zambia (Scolecomorphus). In South-East Asia the Wallace-Line is not crossed and they are
  • yahoo - http://articles.gourt.com/?article=Caecilians
  • yahoo - http://www.petassociation.org/exotic/pet-caecilians.html
    • Caecilians are the only order of amphibians which only use internal insemination. The male Caecilians have a penis-like organ, the phallodeum, which is inserted into the cloaca of the female for 2 to 3 hours. About 25% of the species are oviparous (egg-laying); the eggs are guarded by the female. For some species the young caecilians are already metamorphosed when they hatch,
    • 75% of the species are viviparous, meaning that they give birth to already developed offspring. The fetus is fed inside the female with special cells of the oviduct, which are eaten
    • feeds its young by developing a special outer layer of skin, which the young peel off with similar teeth. Ichthyophis is oviparous and is also known to show maternal care.
  • yahoo - http://articles.gourt.com/?article=Caecilians
    • The name Caecilian derives from the Latin word caecus = blind, referring to the small or sometimes non-existing eyes. The name dates back to the taxonomic name of the first species described by Carolus Linnaeus, which he gave the name Caecilia tentaculata. The taxonomic name of the order derives from the Greek words γυμνος (gymnos, naked) and οφις (ophis, snake), as the
  • yahoo - http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006050818586
  • yahoo - http://articles.gourt.com/?article=Caecilians
    • not all species have been described yet, and that some of the species described below as different may be combined into one species in future reclassifications.
  • yahoo - http://www.zgeek.com/forum/showthread.php?t=62389
    • A Swiss researcher Daniel Hofer has recently found that certain caecilians produce potent skin poisons from specialized poison glands. The poison prevents predation and the poison of the bright yellow caecilian
  • yahoo - http://articles.gourt.com/?article=Caecilians
  • yahoo - http://www.zgeek.com/forum/showthread.php?t=62389
    • of São Tomé Island (Schistometopum thomense) in West Africa kills other animals kept in the same tank within a few days. The chemical contents of caecilian poison have not been well

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  • yahoo - http://www.openencyclopedia.net/index.php/1
    • Jesus, according to the Anno Domini era created by Dionysius Exiguus in 525 as argued by one scholar, Georges Declercq, in Anno Domini (2000). Most scholars argue that Dionysius

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  • yahoo - http://articles.gourt.com/en/1097
    • Crusaders besiege Nicaea, win the Battle of Dorylaeum, and capture Latakia from the Seljuk Turks, and begin the siege of Antioch.

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  • yahoo - http://www.infoforyou.org/input.php?title=1185
    • Founding of Katedralskolan in Lund, Sweden. The school is the oldest in northern Europe, and one of the oldest in Europe. Peter and Asen led a revolt of the Vlachs and Bulgars against the Byzantine Empire, eventually establishing the Second Bulgarian Kingdom.

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  • yahoo - http://www.gnorx.com/1193
    • Muhammad Khilji, a general under the command of Qutb-ud-Din sacks and burns Nalanda, India's greatest Buddhist university.

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  • yahoo - http://www.reboom.com/article/1196.html
    • Creation of water boards in the region of present-day Netherlands, thereby being one of the oldest democratic entities still in existence in the world today.

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  • yahoo - http://www.startsurfing.com/encyclopedia/1/2/0/1204.html
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    • April 12 - The Fourth Crusade take Constantinople by storm, and pillage the city for three days. End of the Fourth Crusade. May 16 - Baldwin, Count of Flanders is crowned emperor of the Latin Empire a week after his election by the members of the Fourth Crusade. Theodore I Lascaris flees to Nicaea after the capture of Constantinople, and establishes the Empire of Nicaea; Byzantine successor states are also established in Epirus and Trebizond.

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    • May 30 - Battle of Damme; English fleet under William Longsword destroyes a French fleet off the Belgian port in the first major victory for the fledgling Royal Navy. September 12 - Battle of Muret; The Toulousain and Aragonese forces of Raymond VI of Toulouse and Peter II of Aragon defeated by the Albigensian Crusade under Simon de Montfort Jin China is overrun by Mongols under Ghengis Khan, who plunder the countryside and cities, until only Beijing remained free, despite two bloody palace coups and a lengthy siege.

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    • April 5 - Mongols of Golden Horde under the command of Subotai defeat feudal Polish nobility, including Knights Templar, in the battle of Liegnitz

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  • yahoo - http://www.gov-certificates.co.uk/birth/certificate/1252
    • May 15 - Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition. Torture quickly gains widespread usage across Catholic Europe.
    • The Polish land of Lebus is incorporated into German state of Brandenburg, marking the start of Brandenburg's expansion into previously Polish areas (Neumark).

1253 change

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    • A series of naval wars begins between the Italian city-states of Genoa and Venice, which will continue sporadically until 1371.
    • Pope Innocent IV returns to Rome, having left nine years earlier in 1244 to depose Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and being unable to return until after Frederick's death due to
    • Having rebuffed the armed forces of Conrad IV of Germany, Pope Innocent IV offers Sicily to Edmund, son of King Henry III of England.

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  • yahoo - http://articles.gourt.com/en/1327
    • April 6 - Petrarch sees a woman he names Laura in the church of Sainte-Claire d'Avignon, which awakes in him a lasting passion. He writes a series of poems dedicated to

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    • Holland, Hainaut and Zeeland are inherited by emperor Louis IV of the Holy Roman Empire and becomes part of the imperial crown domain, until 1347.

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  • yahoo - http://www.freeproxy.ch/Definition/en/1400/
    • Henry IV quells Epiphany Rising and executes the Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury and the Baron le Despencer for their attempt to have Richard II of England restored as King

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  • yahoo - http://www.netreyb.com/timeline/wikiyears/1476
    • December - Vlad III Dracula manages to become reigning Prince of Wallachia for the third and last time before being assassinated by decapitation. His head is sent to his old enemy

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  • yahoo - http://roflpedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=1535
    • April - Jacques Cartier discovers the Iroquois city of Stadacona, Canada (now Quebec) and in May, the even greater Huron city of Hochelaga
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    • May 19 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail for his second voyage to North America with 3 ships, 110 men, and Chief Donnacona's 2 sons (who Cartier kidnapped during
  • yahoo - http://roflpedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=1535
    • October 4 - The first complete English-language Bible is printed, with translations by William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale.
    • Anabaptist rebellion in some cities in the Netherlands, including a famous incident of seven men and five woman walking nude in the streets of Amsterdam.

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  • yahoo - http://www.yawiki.org/proc/1553
    • August 2 - Battle of Marciano. French forces invading Italy under Marshal Blaise de Monluc are defeated by an imperial army under the Marquis of Marignano and are forced to retreat
    • Battle of Sievershausen - Elector Maurice of Saxony defeats the Catholic forces of Margrave Albert of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. Maurice is mortally wounded.

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  • yahoo - http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1572
    • April 1 - The Sea Beggars, Netherlandish Calvinist rebels, capture the port city of Brielle. This leads to a wave of uprisings in Holland and Zealand, leaving most of those
    • August 18 - Wedding in Paris of the Huguenot King Henry III of Navarre with Marguerite de France, sister of King Charles, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics. August 24 - St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in Paris. Catholics in Paris murder thousands of Protestants, including Gaspard de Coligny, at the order of King Charles IX. Henry of

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  • yahoo - http://roflpedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=1535
    • April - Jacques Cartier discovers the Iroquois city of Stadacona, Canada (now Quebec) and in May, the even greater Huron city of Hochelaga
  • yahoo - http://www.websbiggest.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1535
    • May 19 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail for his second voyage to North America with 3 ships, 110 men, and Chief Donnacona's 2 sons (who Cartier kidnapped during
  • yahoo - http://roflpedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=1535
    • October 4 - The first complete English-language Bible is printed, with translations by William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale.
    • Anabaptist rebellion in some cities in the Netherlands, including a famous incident of seven men and five woman walking nude in the streets of Amsterdam.

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  • yahoo - http://www.yawiki.org/proc/1553
    • August 2 - Battle of Marciano. French forces invading Italy under Marshal Blaise de Monluc are defeated by an imperial army under the Marquis of Marignano and are forced to retreat
    • Battle of Sievershausen - Elector Maurice of Saxony defeats the Catholic forces of Margrave Albert of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. Maurice is mortally wounded.

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  • yahoo - http://allwebhunt.com/wiki-article-tab.cfm/1572
    • April 1 - The Sea Beggars, Netherlandish Calvinist rebels, capture the port city of Brielle. This leads to a wave of uprisings in Holland and Zealand, leaving most of those
    • August 18 - Wedding in Paris of the Huguenot King Henry III of Navarre with Marguerite de France, sister of King Charles, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics. August 24 - St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in Paris. Catholics in Paris murder thousands of Protestants, including Gaspard de Coligny, at the order of King Charles IX. Henry of

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  • yahoo - http://www.gov-certificates.co.uk/birth/certificate/1588
    • May 28 - The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, begins to set sail from Lisbon heading for the English Channel (it will take until May 30 for all
    • August 2 - The English and Spanish fleets meet again off Dorset. (The English fleet is led by Lord Howard of Effingham and Sir Francis Drake.) The English again have the
    • August 6 - Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is defeated by an English naval force under command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake off the coast of Gravelines,
    • August 8 - August 9 - The Spanish are unable to reach the coast of Flanders to meet up with the army of the Duke of Parma. Medina Sidonia decides to
    • August 12 - The Spanish fleet sails past the Firth of Forth, and the English cease their pursuit. Much of the Spanish fleet is destroyed as it sails around Scotland and
    • December 23 - Henry III of France strikes his ultra-Catholic enemies, having the Duke of Guise and his brother, Cardinal Louis of Guise, killed, and holding the Cardinal de Bourbon a
    • Ahmad al-Mansur, sultan of Morocco, demands that the king of Songhay give a heavy tribute in exchange of a Saharan salt, probably in an intentional provocation. When Songhay's answer is defiant,

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