Place
English official
Other official language(s)
Note
Alabama
Yes
No
since 1990[ 1]
Alaska
Yes
Inupiaq, Siberian Yupik, Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Alutiiq, Unangax, Dena'ina, Deg Xinag, Holikachuk, Koyukon, Upper Kuskokwim, Gwich'in, Tanana, Upper Tanana, Tanacross, Hän, Ahtna, Eyak, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian [ 2] [ 3]
Arizona
Yes
No
since 2006, 1988 law ruled unconstitutional[ 4]
Arkansas
Yes
No
since 1987[ 1]
California
Yes
No
since 1986 with Proposition 63 [ 1]
Colorado
Yes
No
since 1988[ 1]
Connecticut
No
No[ 1]
Delaware
No
No[ 1]
Florida
Yes
No
since 1988[ 1]
Georgia
Yes
No
since 1996[ 1]
Hawaii
Yes
Hawaiian
since 1978[ 1]
Idaho
Yes
No
since 2007[ 1]
Illinois
Yes
No
since 1969; "American" official 1923–1969[ 1]
Indiana
Yes
No
since 1984[ 1]
Iowa
Yes
No
since 2002[ 1]
Kansas
Yes
No
since 2007[ 1]
Kentucky
Yes
No
since 1984[ 1]
Louisiana
No
No
French has had special status since 1968 founding of CODOFIL .[ 1] [ 5]
Maine
No
No[ 1]
Maryland
No
No[ 1]
Massachusetts
Yes
No[ 1]
Since 2002, 1975 law ruled unconstitutional
Michigan
No
No[ 1]
Minnesota
No
No[ 1]
Mississippi
Yes
No
since 1987[ 1]
Missouri
Yes
No[ 1]
since 1998
Montana
Yes
No
since 1995[ 1]
Nebraska
Yes
No
since 1923[ 1]
Nevada
No
No[ 1]
New Hampshire
Yes
No
since 1995[ 1]
New Jersey
No
No[ 1]
New Mexico
No
No
Spanish has had special status since 1912 passage of state constitution. See article
New York
No
No[ 1]
North Carolina
Yes
No
since 1987[ 1]
North Dakota
Yes
No
since 1987[ 1]
Ohio
No
No[ 1]
Oklahoma
Yes
No
since 2010. Cherokee language has been official within the Cherokee and the UKB since 1991.[ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
Oregon
No
No
English Plus since 1989[ 1]
Pennsylvania
No
No[ 1]
Rhode Island
No
No
English Plus since 1992[ 1]
South Carolina
Yes
No
since 1987[ 1]
South Dakota
Yes
Sioux
since 1995[ 1] , since 2019[ 10]
Tennessee
Yes
No
since 1984[ 1]
Texas
No
No[ 1]
Utah
Yes
No
since 2000[ 1]
Vermont
No
No[ 1]
Virginia
Yes
No
since 1996[ 1]
Washington
No
No
English Plus since 1989[ 1]
West Virginia
Yes
No[ 1]
since 2016[ 11]
Wisconsin
No
No[ 1]
Wyoming
Yes
No
since 1996[ 1]
District of Columbia
No
No[source? ]
American Samoa
Yes
Samoan [ 12]
Guam
Yes
Chamorro [ 13]
Northern Mariana Islands
Yes
Chamorro , Carolinian [ 14]
Puerto Rico
Yes
Spanish [ 15]
U.S. Virgin Islands
Yes
No[ 16]
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 Crawford, James (June 24, 2008). "Language Legislation in the U.S.A." languagepolicy.net . Retrieved April 27, 2011 .
↑ "Once forbidden, Alaska's Native languages now official state languages" . KTOO. October 24, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014 .
↑ "Alaska State Legislature" . www.akleg.gov . Retrieved 25 March 2022 .
↑ "Arizona makes English official" . Washington Times. November 8, 2006. Retrieved April 28, 2011 .
↑ Crawford, James. "Language Policy -- Louisiana" . Language Legislation in the U.S.A . Retrieved 2016-10-10 .
↑ "Keetoowah Cherokee is the Official Language of the UKB" (PDF) . keetoowahcherokee.org/ . Keetoowah Cherokee News: Official Publication of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma. April 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2014 .
↑ "UKB Constitution and By-Laws in the Keetoowah Cherokee Language (PDF)" (PDF) . www.keetoowahcherokee.org/ . United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians. Retrieved 2 June 2014 .
↑ "The Cherokee Nation & its Language" (PDF) . University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition . 2008. Retrieved 2014-05-22 .
↑ Slipke, Darla (November 3, 2010). "Oklahoma elections: Republican-backed measures win approval" . NewsOK . The Oklahoman. Retrieved April 28, 2011 .
↑ Kaczke, Lisa. "South Dakota recognizes official indigenous language" . Argus Leader . Retrieved 25 March 2022 .
↑ "U.S. English Efforts Lead West Virginia to Become 32nd State to Recognize English as Official Language" . U.S. English. March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2016 .
↑ "Samoa now an official language of instruction in American Samoa" . Radio New Zealand International. 2008-10-03. Retrieved 2011-04-28 .
↑ "Guam" . Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2018-10-24. Retrieved 2018-10-25 .
↑ "Northern Mariana Islands" . Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2018-10-25 .
↑ Crawford, James. "Puerto Rico and Official English" . languagepolicy.net . Retrieved April 27, 2011 .
↑ "Frequently Asked Questions" . visitusvi.com . United States Virgin Islands. Retrieved April 27, 2011 .