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Names of Kings Latin transliterations (Romanisation) Reign in Common Era (reformed datings) Years of reign (reformed datings) Reign in Common Era (former datings) Reign in Maliyapham Era (former datings) Years of reign (former datings)
ꯅꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕ Nongda Lairen Pakhangba 980-1020 40 33-154 1431-1551 121
ꯈꯨꯌꯣꯢ ꯇꯣꯝꯄꯣꯛ Khuyoi Tompok 1020-1055 35 154-264 1551-1661 110
ꯇꯥꯎꯊꯤꯡꯃꯥꯡ Taothingmang 1055-1075 20 264-364 1661-1761 100
ꯈꯨꯢ ꯅꯤꯉꯣꯝꯕ Khui Ningomba 1075-1092 17 364-379 1761-1776 15
ꯄꯦꯡꯁꯤꯕ Pengsiba 1092-1115 23 379-394 1776-1791 15
ꯀꯥꯎꯈꯪꯕ Kaokhangba 1115-1133 18 394-411 1791-1808 17
ꯅꯥꯎꯈꯝꯕ Naokhamba 1133-1140 7 411-428 1808-1825 17
ꯅꯥꯎꯐꯪꯕ Naophangba 1140-1171 31 428-518 1825-1915 90
ꯁꯥꯃꯩꯔꯥꯡ Sameirang 1171-1190 19 518-568 1915-1965 50
ꯎꯔꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯊꯧꯕ Ura Konthouba 1190-1215 25 568-658 1965-2055 90
ꯅꯥꯎꯊꯤꯡꯈꯣꯡ Naothingkhong 1215-1250 35 *663-763 *2060-2160 100
ꯈꯣꯡꯇꯦꯛꯆꯥ Khongtekcha 1250-1260 10 763-773 2160-2170 10
ꯀꯩꯔꯦꯟꯆꯥ Keirencha *1271-1276 5 *784-799 *2181-2196 15
ꯌꯥꯔꯕ Yaaraba 1276-1278 2 799-821 2196-2218 22
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯌꯥꯡꯕ Ayangba 1278-1281 3 821-910 2218-2307 89
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯦꯡ Ningthou Cheng 1281-1290 9 910-949 2307-2346 39
ꯆꯦꯡꯂꯩ ꯏꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯥꯡꯕ Chenglei Ipaan Laangba 1290-1294 4 949-969 2346-2366 20
ꯌꯥꯡꯂꯧ ꯀꯩꯐꯥꯕ Yanglou Keiphaba 1294-1296 2 969-984 2366-2381 15
ꯀꯥꯢꯅꯧ ꯏꯔꯦꯡꯕ Kainou Irengba 1296-1310 14 984-1074 2381-2471 90
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯣꯌꯨꯝꯕ Loyumba 1310-1336 26 1074-1112 2471-2519 48
ꯂꯣꯢꯇꯣꯡꯕ Loitongba 1336-1346 10 1112-1150 2519-2547 28
ꯑꯇꯣꯝ ꯌꯣꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕ Atom Yoiremba 1346-1347 1 1150-1163 2547-2560 13
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯍꯦꯝꯇꯧ ꯏꯋꯥꯟ ꯊꯥꯕ Hemtou Iwaan Thaaba (Iyanthaba) 1347-1353 6 1163-1195 2560-2592 32
ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯊꯥꯕ Thawanthaba 1353-1356 3 1195-1231 2592-2628 36
ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯥꯕ Chingthang Lanthaba 1356-1358 2 1231-1242 2628-2639 11
ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥꯢ ꯁꯦꯜꯍꯣꯡꯕ Thingbai Selhongba 1358-1360 4 1242-1247 2639-2644 5
ꯄꯨꯔꯥꯟꯊꯥꯕ Puranthaba 1360-1362 2 1247-1263 2644-2660 16
ꯈꯨꯃꯣꯝꯕ Khumomba 1362-1370 8 1263-1278 2660-2675 15
ꯃꯣꯔꯥꯝꯕ Moiramba (Moraamba) 1370-1381 11 1278-1302 2675-2699 24
ꯊꯥꯡꯕꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯥꯕ Thangbi Lanthaba 1381-1391 10 1302-1324 2699-2721 22
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯀꯣꯡꯌꯥꯝꯕ Ningthou Kongyamba 1391-1398 7 1324-1335 2721-2732 11
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯇꯦꯜꯍꯩꯕ Ningthou Telheiba 1398-1401 3 1335-1355 2732-2752 20
ꯇꯣꯅꯥꯕ Tonaba 1401-1403 2 1355-1359 2752-2757 4
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯇꯕꯨꯡꯕ Tabungba 1403-1415 12 1359-1394 2757-2792 35
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟꯕ Ningthou Lairenba 1415-1419 4 1394-1399 2792-2797 5
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯦꯡꯁꯤꯕ Pengshiba *1424-1437 13 1399-1432 2797-2830 28
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯈꯣꯝꯕ Ningthou Khomba 1437-1467 30 1432-1467 2830-2865 35
ꯁꯦꯟꯕꯤ ꯀꯤꯌꯥꯝꯕ Senbi Kiyamba

No reformation needed as respective former datings are proven to be true

No reformation needed as respective former datings are proven to be true

1467-1508 2865-2905 41
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯀꯣꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕ Koiremba 1508-1512 2905-2909 4
ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯣꯡ ꯂꯝꯉꯥꯢ ꯉꯝꯕ Chingkhong Lamgai Ngamba (Lamkhyamba) 1512-1523 2909-2920 11
ꯅꯣꯉꯤꯟꯐꯥꯕ Nonginphaba 1523-1524 2920-2921 1
ꯁꯦꯟꯕꯤ ꯈꯣꯝꯕ Senbi Khomba (Kabomba) 1524-1542 2921-2939 18
ꯇꯥꯡꯖꯥꯝꯕ Tangjamba 1542-1545 2939-2942 3
ꯆꯂꯥꯝꯕ Chalamba 1545-1562 2942-2959 17
ꯃꯨꯡꯌꯥꯝꯕ Mungyamba 1562-1597 2959-2994 35
ꯈꯥꯒꯦꯝꯕ Khagemba 1597-1652 2994-3049 55
ꯈꯨꯟꯖꯥꯎꯕ Khunjaoba 1652-1666 3049-3063 14
ꯄꯥꯢꯈꯣꯝꯕ Paikhomba 1666-1697 3063-3094 31
ꯆꯔꯥꯢꯔꯣꯡꯕ Charairongba 1697-1709 3094-3106 12
Hindu rule starts
Names of Kings Latin transliterations (Romanisation) Reign in Common Era (reformed datings) Years of reign (reformed datings) Reign in Common Era (former datings) Reign in Maliyapham Era (former datings) Years of reign (former datings)
ꯄꯥꯝꯍꯩꯕ (ꯒꯔꯤꯕ ꯅꯤꯋꯥꯖ) Pamheiba (Garib Niwaj)

No reformation needed as respective former datings are proven to be true

No reformation needed as respective former datings are proven to be true

1709-1748 3106-3145 39
ꯆꯤꯠ ꯁꯥꯢ Chit Sai 1748-1752 3145-3149 4
ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯥꯢ Bharat Sai 1752-1753 3149-3150 1
ꯃꯔꯥꯝꯕ Maramba 1753-1759 3150-3156 6
ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯪꯈꯣꯝꯕ Ching-Thang Khomba (Bhagyachandra Karta) 1759-1762 3156-3159 3
ꯃꯔꯥꯝꯕ Maramba (once more) 1762-1763 3159-3161 1
ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯪꯈꯣꯝꯕ Ching-Thang Khomba (once more) 1763-1798 3161-3196 35
ꯂꯕꯅ꯭ꯌꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ Labanyachandra 1798-1801 3196-3199 3
ꯃꯙꯨꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ Madhuchandra 1801-1803 3199-3202 2
ꯆꯧꯔꯖꯤꯠ Chourjit 1803-1813 3202-3212 10
ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯠ Marjit 1813-1819 3212-3218 6
ꯍꯦꯔꯥꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ (ꯇꯥꯀꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ) Taku Ningthou (Herachandra) 1819

No Sovereignty period

1
ꯌꯨꯝꯖꯥꯎꯇꯥꯕ Yumjaotaba 1820 1
ꯒꯝꯚꯤꯔ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ Gambhir Singh 1821 6 months
ꯖꯣꯢ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ Jai Singh (Joy Singh) 1822 1
ꯖꯥꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ (ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯤꯡꯂꯦꯟꯈꯣꯝꯕ) Jadu Singh (Ningthou Chinslenkhomba) 1823 1
ꯔꯥꯘꯚ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ Raghav Singh 1823-1824 1
ꯚꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ (ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯂꯝꯉꯥꯢ ꯉꯝꯕ) Bhadra Singh (Nongchup Lamgaingamba) 1824 1
ꯒꯝꯚꯤꯔ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ (ꯆꯤꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯅꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯈꯣꯝꯕ) Gambhir Singh (Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba) (once more) 1825-1834 3224-3232 9
ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯀꯤꯔꯇꯤ (ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯦꯝꯄꯤꯁꯛ) Chandrakirti (Ningthempishak) 1834-1844 3232-3242 10
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯍ Ningthou Narasingh 1844-1850 3242-3248 6
ꯗꯦꯕꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ Devendra Singh 1850 3248 3 months
ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯀꯤꯔꯇꯤ Chandrakirti (once more) 1850-1886 3248-3284 36
ꯁꯨꯔꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ Surachandra 1886-1890 3284-3288 4
ꯀꯨꯂꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ Kulachandra 1890-1891 3288-3289 1
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯨꯔꯆꯥꯟꯗ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ Sir Churachand Singh 1891-1941 3289-3339 50
ꯕꯣꯙꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ Bodhchandra 1941-1955 3339-3353 14

Books

This list contains the names of books published based on the epic story of the Khamba Thoibi.

Books published Latin Roman transliterations Writers Notes (or References)
ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ Khamba Thoibi Singh, Loitongbam Kalachand https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.464230
ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ Khamba Thoibi Sheireng Anganghal Singh, Hijam https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.310176
ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯇꯔꯦꯠꯁꯨꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ Khamba Thoibi Seireng Taretsuba Saruk Singh, Anganghal Hijam https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467164
ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ Khamba Thoibi Ahanba Saruk Gouramani, Kabrambam https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467162
ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ Khamba Thoibi Seireng Ahumsuba Saruk Singh, Hijam Anganghal https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466278
ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯄꯣꯢꯝꯁ ꯑꯣꯟ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ Khamba Thoibi And Poems On Manipur Raina, Vimala https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460207
ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ Khamba Thoibi Seireng Hijam Anganghal Singh https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465982
ꯂꯩꯇꯦꯡ ꯁꯩꯊꯥꯔꯣꯜ Leiteng Sheitharol Ibobi Singh, Ningombam https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467136
ꯁꯃꯨꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯆꯥꯔ Shamukhonggi Bichar Singh, Anganghal Hijam https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467163
ꯈꯝꯅꯨ Khamnu Biramangal https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467092
ꯏꯋꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯢ Ewanglon Thadoi Ruhinikumar, Sougaijam https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466125
ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯈꯝꯕ Khuman Khamba Pramodini https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466825
ꯈꯝꯕ ꯈꯝꯅꯨ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯇꯥꯡꯀꯛ Khamba Khamnu Anisuba Tangkak Sharma, Surchand https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465802
ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ Khamba Thoibee Punshi Waree Anisuba Saruk Anganghal, Hijam https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466276
ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯇꯔꯨꯛꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯔꯦꯠꯁꯨꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ Khamba Thoibee Seireng Taruksubsa Amasung Taretsuba Saruk Singh, Hijam Anganghal https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466274
ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯕꯥꯟ Moirang Nongban Nipamacha, Arambam https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.310023
ꯀꯕꯣ ꯂꯣꯢ Kabo Loi Sharma, Surachand https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466817
ꯀꯦꯒꯦ ꯅꯣꯡꯕꯥꯟ Kege Nongban - https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465176

L

Loyumba
Great Law Giver of Kangleipak civilization
Constitutional Monarchy1074 AD-1112 AD (2471 MF- 2519 MF)
Coronation1074 AD
PredecessorKainou Irengba (984 AD- 1074 AD)(2381 MF- 2471 MF)
SuccessorLoitongba (1112 AD- 1150 AD)(2519 MF-2547 MF)
Full name
Meitingu Loyumpa
Era name and dates
Ancient Manipur-Medieval Manipur: 1074 AD-1112 AD (2471 MF- 2519 MF)
RoyaltyNingthouja dynasty (Mangang dynasty)
FatherKainou Irengba (984 AD- 1074 AD)(2381 MF- 2471 MF)
ReligionMeiteism (Sanamahism)
OccupationRuler of Constitutional republic of Ancient Manipur-Medieval Manipur interface period

Meidingu Loyumba (Old Manipuri: Meitingu Loyumpa) or Ningthou Loiyumba (Old Manipuri: Ningthou Loiyumpa) (1074 AD-1112 AD)(2471 MF- 2519 MF) was a ruler of Manipur (Kangleipak). He is best known for introducing Loyumba Shinyen, the first written constitution to the kingdom in 1100 AD. He was a good ruler and there were peace during his time. He assigned a particular duty to every family (Meitei: yumnak) in the kingdom.[1][2] He divided his kingdom into 6 panas or districts (circles for administrative convenience). According to many historians, the coronation of King Loyumba marks the end of Ancient Manipur and the beginning of Medieval Manipur in the history of Manipur kingdom.[3][4] He introduced Lallup system, the self imposed compulsory military education system into the kingdom in 1074 AD.[5] He initially introduced the Shammi Lanmi Phi shawl, crafted by the Khoisnam family. This heavily ornamental clothing is usually rewarded as costly gifts by the Kings to the successful tribal hunters and warriors.[6]

KTLSI

Konthoujam Lairembi Stone Inscription

The Konthoujam Lairembi Stone Inscription (Old Manipuri: Konthoucham Lailempi Lailik Eepa Nungpaak; Meitei: Konthoujam Lairembi Lairik Eeba Nungpaak) or Konthoujam Lairemma Stone Inscription (Old Manipuri: Konthoucham Lailemma Khut-ee Nungpak; Meitei: Konthoujam Lairemma Khut-ee Nungpak) is a stone inscription found in the Konthoujam village of Manipur.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

The stone inscription is in the sacred temple complex of Goddess Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi (Old Manipuri: Konthoucham Tampha Lailempi) in the Konthoujam village. It is on the south of the National Highway No. 53 in the west of Imphal city. The stone engaged in this inscription is the sandstone.[14] The inscription consists of 14 lines of writings in Meitei language (Manipuri language) in archaic Meetei script. Notably, the writings from the fifth to the seventh lines were highly damaged and distorted. So, proper study on these particular lines has been very hard and unsuccessful.[15]

It does not mention any particular date. But paleographic study confirmed that it was written in two different times. The first 7 lines of writings have been assigned to the time of King Khagemba (1592 AD-1652 AD). The remaining 7 lines of writings are assigned to the time of King Charairongba (1697 AD-1709 AD).[16][17]

The inscription shows that King Khagemba assigned compulsory state duty for the Konthoujam clan to worship goddess Huimu Leima. Notably, the Loyumba Shinyen Constitution also assigned the Konthoujam clan to look after the worship of Goddess Huimu Leima, and not Konthousu (Tampha Lairembi). And according to the Konthoujam Nongarol (Old Manipuri: Konthoucham Nongkalol), Goddess Huimu Leima is the mother of goddess Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi (Chingphulon Konthousu), the one who got married to Salailen (Soraren), the king of heaven.[18][19]

KSI

Kohima Stone Inscription Kohima Stone Gambhir Singh's Stone The Kohima Stone Inscription or Gambhir Singh's Stone is a stone with writing carved into it. It was erected by King Raja Gambhir Singh (Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba) of Manipur kingdom in Kohima (Meitei: Thibommei), the capital of Nagaland. It was erected in 1833 AD as a mark of Manipuri conquest and supremacy over the Naga Hills in 1832 AD. It was inscribed in sanskritised Manipuri language (Meitei language) with Bengali script. Manipuri King Raja Gambhir Singh (Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba) conquered the whole Naga Hills with his military power of Manipur Levy. It was after he had finally defeated the Angami Naga tribes of Kohima that the historic testimonial stone inscription was erected.[20][21][22] Manipuri influence over the Naga tribes declined during a period before and after the Burmese war of 1819-25. However, it was re-asserted during the time of Raja Gambhir Singh (Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba). He reduced many tribesmen villages, including Kohima, at which he stood upon the stone and had his footprints sculpted on it as a token of conquest. Kohima and its surrounding villages were the boundaries of Manipur. The Nagas greatly respected this stone and cleaned it from time to time.[23][24] The stone is so much important that it is frequently mentioned in many land laws and orders announced by the Government of Naga Hills. One famous example is the Order of W.J. Williamson, a British Political Agent of Naga Hills on the 19th April, 1880.[25] The stone inscription is notably mentioned in the "My Experiences in Manipur and the Naga hills" (1896) by Colonel Sir James Johnstone, the then Political Agent of Manipur,[26] and the The Meitheis (1908) written by Thomas Callan Hodson, the then Political Agent of Manipur.[27]

Work

It is evident from the coins discovered that there was a good deal of literary activity taken place during the reign of King Kyamba.[28]

Effort and denominations

Two "semkhai"s equals to one "sen". There were two kinds of coins issued in Ancient Manipur right from the time of the onset of marketing, which are "semkhai" and "sen". These are generally crafted out of bronze.[29]

Ancient period

The earliest known coinage was issued by during the reign of the Emperor in the 7th century CE in the civilization.[30][31] Some historians opined that the oldest known coins were circulated from the 1st century CE during the reign of the Emperor in Ancient Manipur.[32] It is evident that bronze coins dating back to 568 AD to 658 AD were found inscribed with letters of archaic meitei letter

Middle period

The coins discovered shows that there was a good deal of activity taken place during the reign of the King.[33] The chronicle recorded that King Khagemba issued coins along with which there was all round progress in the kingdom.[34][35] In the Royal Market, there was a custom in which the king threw metal coins amidst the public as familiar gestures of goodwill and responsibility for public welfare.[36] In the beginning, kings had to abandon the plan to issue copper coins when the women traders refused to accept them.


Late medieval

The coins issued before the reign of King Pamheiba depicted legends in the archaic Meetei script. For the first time in the history of Manipur's numismatics, Garibaniwaja introduced the Nagari script in depicting the legends. The tradition of depicting Bengali script and Nagari script in the coins was followed by the succeeding rulers of later times.[37] Many of the coins, issued in between seventeenth and nineteenth century AD, bear Sanskrit legends in Devanagari script.[38] On special occasions, coins were distributed among the crowds with a grand possession of the royalty.[39]

Modern period

On special occasions, coins were distributed among the crowds with a grand possession of the royalty.[40] In the Northeast India, only Manipur struck low denomination coins that were useful for market trading.[41]

Minting

The Senjam and the Aheibam families were engaged for making coins under the supervision of the institution of the maibas.[42] The populace often learned about of a new ruler when coins appeared with the new ruler's name. For example, Ura Konthouba (Wura Konthouba) issued coins bearing the Meetei letter "ꯋ" ("wa") denoting his name.[43][44][45][46]

Coins in religious activities

The senior most/chief male family members (pibas) used coins in the names of God Sanamahi and Goddess Leimarel and regularly perform rites and rituals in the Sanamahi Kachin (Lainingthou Kachin).[47][48] During the Laiching Jagoi, an ancient dance performance in the Lai Haraoba festival, the senior most maiba has to throw a "konyai" (gold or silver coin) and rice into the water to invoke a deity.[49] The art of fortune telling consists of throwing the coins on the floor and reading its results by the maibas and the maibis.[50][51]

Bibliography

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Surname listings

M Maharabam Maibam Maibram Maikam Maimom Mainam Mairembam Maitham Mandingbam Mayangbam Mayanglambam Mayengbam Meinam Meitram Moirangmayum Moirangthem Mudum Murtum Mutum N Nahakpam Nameirakpam Nandeibam Naorem Naoroibam Nepram Ngairangbam Ngangbam Ngangom Ngasekpam Ngasepam Ningombam Ningthoujam Ningthoukhongjam Nongmaithem Nongmeikapam Nongthombam O P Pangambam Pangshatabam Paonam Pebam Phamdom Phanjoubam Pharembam Pheiroijam Phijam Phirem Phurem Phuritsabam Pichimayum Potshangbam Pukhrambam S Sadokpam Sagolsem Salam (surname) Samjetsabam Samom Sanasam Sandam Sandham Sapam Sarangthem Sarungbam Senjam Seram Shaikhom Shairem Sinam Soibam Soraisam Soram Sorokhaibam Soubam Sougaijam Sougrakpam Soyam Sukham T Takenjam Takhellambam Takhelmayum Taorem Thangjam Thaoroijam Thingnam Thingom Thingujam Thiyam Thoidingjam Thokchom Thongam Thongbam Thongkhongmayum Thongram Thoudam Thounaojam Thunaojam Toijam Tonambam Tongbram Torongbam Toujam U Wahengbam Waikhom Wairokpam Wangjam Wangkheimayum Wangkhem Wangmayum Warekpam Watham Y Yaikhom Yambem Yendembam Yendrembam Yengkhom Yensembam Yenshenbam Yumkhaibam Yumkham Yumlembam Yumnam Yumrembam Yurembam Yurenjam
List of surnames (family names) Latin Roman transliteration Alternative spellings Place of Origin

A (ꯑ)

ꯑꯕꯨꯖꯝ Abujam Abuja, Apucham, Apucha Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯍꯟꯊꯦꯝ Ahanthem Ahan Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯍꯩꯕꯝ Aheibam Aheiba, Aheipam, Aheipa Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯈꯥꯝ Akham Akha Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯀꯣꯢꯖꯝ Akoijam Akoija, Akoicham, Akoicha Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯃꯥꯛꯆꯝ Amakcham Amakcha Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯃꯣꯝ Amom - Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯉꯣꯝ Angom - Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯉꯣꯝꯖꯥꯝꯕꯝ Angomjambam Angomjamba Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯔꯥꯝꯕꯝ Arambam Aramba Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯝ Arubam Aruba Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯁꯦꯝ Asem - Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯊꯣꯛꯄꯝ Athokpam Athokpa Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯇꯣꯝ Atom Ato Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯌꯦꯛꯄꯝ Ayekpam Ayekpa Manipur (Kangleipak)

Ch (ꯆ)

ꯆꯕꯨꯡꯕꯝ Chabungbam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯆꯛꯄ꯭ꯔꯝ Chakpram Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯆꯅꯝꯕꯝ Chanambam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯆꯥꯟꯗꯝ Chandam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥꯈꯝ Chingakham Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥꯡꯕꯝ Chingangbam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯨꯕꯝ Chingshubam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯨꯕꯝ Chingsubam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯥꯝ Chingtham Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯆꯤꯔꯣꯝ Chirom Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯆꯣꯡꯊꯥꯝ Chongtham Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯆꯨꯡꯈꯥꯝ Chungkham Manipur (Kangleipak)

E (ꯑꯦ)

ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯝ Elam (surname) Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯡꯕꯝ Elangbam Manipur (Kangleipak)

H (ꯍ)

ꯍꯪꯂꯦꯝ Hanglem Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯟꯖꯕꯝ Hanjabam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯥꯎꯕꯝ Haobam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯥꯎꯕꯤꯖꯝ Haobijam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯋꯥꯢꯕꯝ Hawaibam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯩꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯖꯝ Heigrujam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯩꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯖꯝ Heikrujam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯩꯁ꯭ꯅꯥꯝ Heisnam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯦꯝꯃꯥꯝ Hemmam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯤꯗꯝ Hidam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯤꯖꯝ Hijam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯨꯢꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ Huidrom Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯨꯢꯅꯤꯡꯁꯨꯝꯕꯝ Huiningshumbam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯨꯢꯔꯦꯝ Huirem Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯍꯨꯢꯔꯣꯡꯕꯝ Huirongbam Manipur (Kangleipak)

I (ꯏ)

ꯏꯉꯨꯗꯝ Ingudam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯏꯔꯦꯡꯕꯝ Irengbam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯏꯔꯣꯝ Irom Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯏꯔꯨꯡꯕꯝ Irungbam Manipur (Kangleipak)

K (ꯀ) and Kh (ꯈ)

ꯀꯛꯌꯦꯟꯂꯥꯛꯄꯝ Kakyenlakpam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯀꯥꯡꯉꯕꯝ Kangabam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯀꯥꯡꯖꯝ Kangjam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯀꯥꯡꯉꯨꯖꯝ Kangujam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯀꯔꯥꯝ Karam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯀꯛꯌꯦꯟꯄꯥꯢꯕꯝ Kayenpaibam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯀꯩꯁꯥꯝ Keisham Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯂꯥꯛꯄꯝ Keithellakpam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯥꯢꯗꯦꯝ Khaidem Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯥꯉꯦꯝꯕꯝ Khangembam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯪꯖꯔꯥꯛꯄꯝ Khangjarakpam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯥꯑꯔꯤꯕꯝ Kharibam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯣꯢꯅꯥꯢꯖꯝ Khoinaijam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯣꯢꯅꯥꯝ Khoinam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯣꯢꯔꯣꯝ Khoirom Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯣꯢꯁ꯭ꯅꯥꯝ Khoisnam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯣꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ Khomdram Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯣꯡꯕꯥꯟꯇꯥꯕꯝ Khongbantabam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯨꯗꯔꯥꯛꯄꯝ Khudrakpam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯨꯜꯂꯦꯝ Khullem Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯨꯃꯜꯂꯝꯕꯝ Khumallambam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯨꯃꯟꯊꯦꯝ Khumanthem Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯨꯝꯕꯣꯡꯃꯌꯨꯝ Khumbongmayum Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯨꯃꯨꯖꯝ Khumujam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯨꯃꯨꯛꯆꯝ Khumukcham Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯨꯟꯗꯣꯡꯕꯝ Khundongbam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯨꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯛꯄꯝ Khundrakpam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯨꯔꯥꯢꯖꯝ Khuraijam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈꯨꯌꯦꯟꯊꯦꯝ Khuyenthem Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯔꯥꯛꯄꯝ Khwairakpam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯔꯥꯝꯄꯝ Khwairampam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯀꯣꯢꯖꯝ Koijam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯀꯣꯡꯕꯝ Kongbam Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯀꯣꯡꯈꯥꯝ Kongkham Manipur (Kangleipak)
ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯦꯡꯕꯝ Konjengbam Manipur (Kangleipak)

L (ꯂ)

Laikangbam
Laikhuram
Laiphrakpam
Lairenjam
Lairenlakpam
Lairikyengbam
Laishangbam
Laishram
Laithangbam
Laitonjam
Lambalmayum
Langpoklakpam
Leimajam
Leimapokpam
Leiphrakpam
Leishangbam
Leishangthem
Leitam
Leitanthem
Lisham
Loitongbam
Loktongbam
Longjam
Lourembam
Lousigam
Lukram

F2

nongp

It is a story of love fulfilled after a near tragic event and is, perhaps, unique of its kind. The leading character of the same name was a Prince of the Luwang dynasty born of King Nungpan Pamingnapa and Queen Santhong Huimuleima. He soon grew into manhood and felt lovesick. He set out alone to cover the wide world in search of a love to quench the thirst of his heart and was welcomed by the King Koubru when he approached him for a rest. There he met the princess, Koubru Namoinu (Lainaotabi) and was instantly smitten with her beauty and had his heart lost to her. The princess, formerly the youngest wife of Thongalel, the God of death, who while accompanying her younger brother in law on a sojourn to earth got separated from him and was later adopted by the king as his daughter. Returning home hastily, the prince requested his parents to get the princess engaged to him. And this was carried out without delay with the offer of choice and the delicious fruit in prickles to the king and the queen. The couple accepted the proposal with a good grace and regarded it as an occasion ordained by Providence. The marriage having been performed with due solemnity, the young couple began to lead a happy and contented life. But this was desined not to last long, for the God did not take kindly to his own wife spending her days as an ordinary mortal in the company of another man. So, her fatal thread was cut short and her soul recalled. However, the distraught Prince did not not take his tragic fate lying down and taking the help of Nongta Chinkhanyang, a pheasant, sent a request to the Lord of the netherworld to give back the soul of his wife or take the challenge of a single combat. Thus, he kept guarding the mortal remains of Koubru Namoinu without the obsequies being performed. Thongalel first sent his younger brother armed with deadly weapons for the fight in which the prince settled his opponent's hash and kept him bound under the heavy weight of a slab. The Lord's second brother too met the same humiliation and at last, Thongalel himself appeared in all splendor in the field of honour. But the prince was prudent enough to realise that he was no match for powerful God, he fell prostrate before him and begged mercy and kindness to restore Koubru Namoinu to him so that the Luwang dynasty might have further progeny. Thongalel, being visibly moved, readily granted the prayer and left for the dark abode. Thus, the couple were united to live for another hundred years with conjugal bliss and Hongnem Luwang Punshiba, a son was born to them.

chothe t

Thangwai Koting Ahanpa (Thangwai Koding Ahanba) was the ruler of Ancient Moirang and Leima Thamoilembi (Thamoilengpi), his queen. For sometime, the latter felt quite happy as she was with child, but suffered a shock as it disappeared through a natural abortion. However, Salailen (Soraren), the God of Heaven, sent the child back to her womb with the instruction that he should be born to the Queen as her son, but should not live long with her to attain the age of any rite of passage. Five months went by. Salailen (Soraren) appeared in her dream and told her that the child she was carrying was His own and that when born he should not be brought up on any propane food or drink. After she was delivered of the child, the God again appeared in her dream, reminded her of His relation with the child and expressed His desire to call him "Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba". Then the boy grew up and soon attained the grace and vigor of a youth. As human memory, by nature, is short, his parents had completely forgotten the divine dictates. Meanwhile, Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba, one day, chanced to see Sunulembi, the daughter of Thongnang Loikemba (of Cachari origin) and was instantly head over heels in love with her. Through a formal engagement, the two were married in a grand manner. But God's will is irrevocable and the young man had overstepped what was set for him. So, Salailen came in person and reminded during his sleep of what was enjoined on his parents. While awake, Sunulembi, his lady found him in tears enquired whether he had any secret love. At last, he came out with what to take place within five days and the same was conveyed in the early morning to his parents, friends and relatives. On the appointed day, Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba, prinked up in his best clothes with the help of his wife, and was now prepared for the heavenly journey. But Sunulembi, his lady too offered herself to keep her husband company to the land of the leal. None could restrain her and leaving all the near and dear ones thrown into an abyss of sorrow, the young couple ascended towards the sky, the progress of which was being watched by all on the ground with bated breath and by shading the eyes with their palms.

Soon afterwards, they were on the threshold of another sphere which was under deep waters of flood. The gate of heaven was thrown open and the guard posted there instantly prepared a bridge to which only the husband was granted entry. But on the earnest insistence of Sunulembi, both were allowed to cross. They went up to another hemisphere where their passage was blocked by a swarm of snakes. This time, on the request of her husband to the poisonous creatures, Sunulembi was allowed to proceed. On reaching the precincts of Salailen's abode, they were forbidden access as no couple could lead a worldly life in heaven. At last, the all-powerful God directed Sunulembi to return to earth and feed the man only with heavily victuals. But Sunulembi resisted it with all her might and with eyes bathed with tears, kept her husband tightly held in her arms. She also threatened of ending her life there from thirst and starvation. Hearing this, Salailen was flummoxed and immediately sent a ferocious wild boar as big as a bull to cause harm to the bewailing woman. But Sunulembi was the least awed by it and unflinchingly was ready to die the painful death. Next, a dreadful tiger was sent on her which too could not terrify her. Thirdly, she could easily withstand the surging waves of a devastating flood. Fourthly, the scorching flames of a wild fire left her untouched. Lastly, the god engaged a hill kite to snatch her away, which too miserably failed.

At long last, being moved her irrepressible spirit and devoted love, the God gave her husband back and over and above that the sceptre of the kingdom of Ancient Moirang was bestowed on Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba with a blessing of long and plentiful reign with his wife. As they descended straight alive and with radiant joy from heaven in broad daylight, the people of the kingdom were taken by surprise. But they were overjoyed at seeing the couple and instantly made Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba the king.

Poetry

Title Latin Roman transliteration Author Publisher Published Online archive
ꯁꯅꯔꯤꯛ ꯄꯔꯦꯡ Sanareek Pareng Khuman, Nabakishore Manipur Sahitya Samiti 2013 archive.org
ꯏꯁꯩ ꯄꯔꯦꯡ Eshei Pareng Landanbala, Khaidem - 1992 archive.org
ꯏꯁꯩ ꯄꯔꯦꯡ Eshei Pareng Prakash, Khumanthem Khumanthem Publications 1997 archive.org

Music

Title Latin Roman transliteration Author Publisher Published Online archive
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯏꯅꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯩ Meetei Enatki Eshei Mannaba Apunba Marup Mannaba Apunba Marup 1994 archive.org

Prose

Title Latin Roman transliteration Author Publisher Published Online archive
ꯃꯅꯤ ꯄꯔꯦꯡ Mani Pareng Bermani, Sarangthem Kangla Book House 1984 archive.org
ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ Manipur Ibungohal Singh, Lairenmayum Chitrangada Sahitya Mandir, Imphal 1956 archive.org
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ꯭ꯌ Meetei Sahitya Parijat Singh, Pukhrambam - 2013 archive.org
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯄꯥꯎꯔꯧ ꯂꯣꯟꯀꯩ Meetei Paorou Dictionary Singh, Yaima Kh - 1981 archive.org
ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯟ (ꯀꯨꯔꯑꯥꯟ) ꯃꯖꯤꯗ Holy Quran Manipuri Translation Prophet Mohammed - - archive.org
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯦꯝꯅꯨꯕꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯍꯥꯠ Ningthemnubee Konung Meehat Maisnamba, B.m Uma Publications 2006 archive.org
ꯆꯥꯛꯉꯥꯢ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ (ꯆꯥꯛꯉꯥꯏ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ) Chakngai Wari Kullachandra - 2013 archive.org
ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ Turelgi Wari Hemanta, Sagolsem - 2014 archive.org
ꯈꯣꯢꯔꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ (ꯈꯣꯏꯔꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ) Khoireibakki Wari Radhacharan Singh, Pukhrambam - 1977 archive.org
ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ Ngashigi Manipur Yuremba, Laishram Sasheekumar Nongchup Haram Khorjei Lup, Yurembam 1995 archive.org
ꯍꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯨꯟꯐꯝ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ ꯂꯝꯀꯣꯢ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ Hantre Hunpham Manipur Lamkoi Wari Pramodini Lamyanba Printers 2001 archive.org
ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯔꯤꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯦꯅꯥꯂꯤꯔꯥꯝ The Literature Of Children Tenaliram Luwang, Abujam Ibopisak Nongchup Haram Khorjei Lup, Yurembam 2013 archive.org
ꯖꯥꯇꯤ ꯄꯔꯦꯡ Jati Pareng Gouro Singh, Kh. - 1972 archive.org

Linguistics

Title Latin Roman transliteration Author Publisher Published Online archive
ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟꯖꯜ Meetei Lonjal Singh, Minaketan - 1917 archive.org

Fo

List of Folktales Latin Roman transliteration English translation (English title)
ꯀꯕꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯡ Kabok ki Nong The Rain of Kabok[52]
ꯀꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯣꯝꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯡꯊꯥ Kang Amomgi Tentha The Female Mosquitoe's Plight[53]
ꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯉꯣꯢꯅ ꯃꯥꯢꯊꯤꯕ ꯄꯤꯕ Kei amadi Shamu bu Hangoi na Maithiba Piba The clever frog defeats Tiger and Elephant[54]
ꯀꯩ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯀꯣꯝꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ Kei Onba Kom Gi Eshing Water That Turns Everyone Into Tiger[55]
ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯢꯕ Keibu Keioiba (Kabui Keioiba) Keibu Keioiba (Kabui Keioiba)[56]
ꯁꯃꯨ ꯑꯄꯥꯢꯕꯤ Samu Apaibi The Flying Elephant[57]
ꯁꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯆꯩꯁ꯭ꯔꯥ Sandrembi Chaisra Sanarembi Cheishra[58][59]
ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯅꯋꯥ Sanagi Saji amadi Sanagi Tenawa The golden Deer and the golden Parrot[60]
ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯅꯋꯥ Sanagi Tenawa The Golden Parrot[61]
ꯁꯖꯤꯒ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯛꯀ ꯃꯇꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ Saji ga Kwak ka Mataa Saanaba The Doe and the Crow[62]
ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯆꯤꯜ ꯃꯅꯥꯎ Sahing chaba machil manao The Two Demon Brothers[63]
ꯂꯝꯈꯨꯅꯨꯅ ꯆꯥꯛꯀꯧꯕ Lamkhunu Na Chakkouba The Feast organized by the Pigeon[64]
ꯂꯝꯍꯨꯢ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ Lamhui Loushing The Fox's Wit[65]
ꯂꯝꯍꯨꯢ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ Lumhui Lousing The Clever Fox[66]
ꯂꯝꯍꯨꯢ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯁꯥꯜ Lamhui amashung Keishal The Fox and the Jackal[67]
ꯂꯝꯍꯨꯢ ꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯠ Lamhui gi Tat The Fox's Trick[68]
ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯟꯕꯤ Lanmei Thanbi Light Spirit[69]
ꯂꯥꯢ ꯈꯗꯥꯡ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯕꯤ Lai Khadang Pandabi The Witch without chin[70]
ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯗꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ Laifadibigi Nupa (Laifadibigi Bor) The Doll's Groom[71]
ꯂꯥꯢꯐꯗꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ Laiphadibigi Thouchaal (Laiphadibigi Bor) The Boon of the Doll[72]
ꯂꯥꯢꯔ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯇꯔꯦꯠ Laira Macha Taret The Seven Poor Sons[73]
ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟꯅ ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯉꯥꯛꯄ Lairen na Waashak Ngaakpa The Python Promise[74]
ꯂꯨꯈ꯭ꯔꯥꯕꯤ ꯃꯆꯥ Lukhrabi Macha The Widow Son[75]
ꯂꯨꯈ꯭ꯔꯥꯕꯤ ꯃꯆꯥ Lukhrabi Macha The Widow Son[76]
ꯂꯨꯈ꯭ꯔꯥꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯉꯣꯢ Lukhrabi amadi Hangoi The widow and the frog[77][78][79]
ꯂꯩꯃ ꯍꯤꯡꯆꯥꯕꯤ (ꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯆꯥꯕꯤ) Leima Hingchabi (Rani Hingchabi) The Demon Queen[80]
ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ Loushing gi Changdamnaba A Contest of Wit[81]
ꯃꯀꯣꯛ (ꯋꯥꯔꯤ) Makok Head[82]
ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ Makok Ahum Three headed men[83]
ꯃꯃꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯇꯕꯤ Mama Poktabi The Stepmother[84]
ꯃꯆꯤꯜ ꯃꯧꯄ꯭ꯋꯥ Machil Moupwa The brother and the sister[85]
ꯃꯆꯤꯟ ꯃꯧꯄꯥ Machin Moupa The two siblings[86]
ꯃꯤꯅ ꯇꯦꯅꯋꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ Mee na Tenawa Onba Human Turning into a Parrot[87]
ꯃꯤꯅ ꯎꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ Mina Uthum Onkhiba Human Turning Into A Bird[88]
ꯃꯤꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯪꯒꯤ ꯆꯩ Mitrang-gi Chei (Jadugi Chei) The Magic Stick[89]
ꯃꯤꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯪꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯜ Mitrang gi Fal The Magical Stool[90]
ꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ Mee gi Hourakpham The Origin of Human[91]
ꯄꯦ ꯅꯥꯔꯦꯛꯄꯤ Pay Nareckpi King Umbrella[92]
ꯄꯦꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩ Pebet amashung Kei Pebet and the Tiger[93]
ꯅꯥꯄꯜ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯄꯦꯕꯦꯠ Naapal Chaoba Shamu amadi Pebet The egotistical elephant and praying Pebet[94][95]
ꯅꯥꯄꯜ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ Naapal Chaoba Waa Pambi The Proud Bamboo Tree[96]
ꯅꯥꯄꯜ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯏꯔꯣꯢ Napal Chaoba Eeroi The Proud Buffalo[97]
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ (ꯔꯥꯖꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ ꯑꯅꯤ) Ningthou Machanupa Ani (Rajkumar Ani) Two Princes[98]
ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯥꯞꯄ Numit Kappa The Stories of Suns Shadows from the Past[99]
ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯌꯦꯟꯕꯥ Numit amadi Yenba The sun and the cock[100]
ꯇꯝꯅꯂꯥꯢꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ (ꯚꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ) Tamnalai Gi Thoujal (Bhoot Ki Thoujal) Blessings from Spirit[101]
ꯇꯞꯇꯥ Tapta Tapta[102]
ꯇꯟ ꯇꯔꯦꯠ Tan Taret Seven Breads[103]
ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯤꯅ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ Taibang Mee na Lairen Onba The Human Turning into a Python[104]
ꯇꯦꯝꯕꯂꯥꯢꯊꯛ Tembalaithak Tembalaithak[105]
ꯇꯣꯛꯄ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯕ Tokpa Laan-daaba Revenge on the Cat[106]
ꯊꯦꯕ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯕ Theba Lousingba The Clever Hare[107]
ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯐꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ Thaunaphaba Marup The Brave Friend[108]
ꯍꯅꯨꯕ ꯍꯅꯨꯕꯤ ꯄꯥꯟ ꯊꯥꯕ Hanuba Hanubi Paan Thaba Old Couple Plants Taro[109]
ꯍꯥꯎꯁꯤ ꯅꯃꯣꯢꯅꯨ (ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯤꯅ ꯍꯔꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯅꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ) Haosi Namoinu (Taibang Mee na Hari Nongnang Onba) A Human turning into a cicada[110]
ꯍꯥꯎꯗꯤꯒꯝ ꯆꯅꯨ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯤ Haodigam Chanu Phattabi The mean Haodigam Chanu[111]
ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡ ꯑꯊꯧꯕ Hiyangthau (Hiyang Athouba) Hiyangthau (Hiyang Athouba), the Vampire[112]
ꯍꯦꯟꯖꯨꯅꯍꯥ Henjunaha (Hensunaha) Henjunaha (Hensunaha)[113][114][115]
ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯡ ꯁꯦꯛꯄꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯅꯤ Houdong Sekpi marup ani The cat and the bat[116]
ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯡ ꯂꯝꯕꯣꯢꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯄꯦꯕꯦꯠ Houdong Lamboiba amadi Pebet Mystic Cat and Pebet Bird[117]
ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯆꯠ Houdong gi Lamchat Cat Nature[118]
ꯎ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯦꯟ U suba amadi Chaoren The Carpenter and Chaoren[119]
ꯎꯅ ꯁꯥꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ Una saba saktam A wooden sculpted face[120]
ꯎꯆꯦꯛ ꯂꯥꯡꯃꯩꯗꯣꯡ Uchek Langmeidong Uchek Langmeidong[121]
ꯏꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯎꯃꯩ Eta Thangmei (Ita Thaomei) My Friendly Lamp[122][123]
ꯑꯄꯪꯕ ꯃꯅꯥꯎ Apangba Manao Foolish Younger Brother[124]
ꯑꯄꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯕꯛ Apangba gi Laibak The Foolish Man's Fortune[125]
ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ Achumba ngangba gi mahei (Achumba ngangba gi fal) The fruit for telling the truth[126]
ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ Angangdagi Mairen Onba Child Who Turned into a Pumpkin[127]

haosi

Haosi Namoinu is the only daughter of Pokmabi Laoshigam Chanu and Senbi Loikenba. She was the apple of their eyes. Her father was a minister of the then Ancient Moirang kingdom, in charge of collecting tributes from the land of Kabo (present day Western Myanmar).[128] However, after her mother's untimely death, her father remarried with Nganurol Laoshigam Chanu (Loisingam Chanu), the sister of her mother. Spending a few days happily, Senbi Loikenba left for Kabo on the King's errand and during his absence, Haosi Namoinu was harshly treated by her stepmother.[129][130] She was not allowed to go outside and play with her friends. She had to work as much hard as she could to satisfy her stepmother. Her bliss of household life was much worsened. Her stepmother ordered her work after work and she completed it with no rest. She was forced to husk the rice, tired as she was, again she had to cook food for them and serve but she uttered no lamentation. Her stepmother's ruthlessness came to the highest degree and she ordered Haosi Namoinu, that if she wanted to join the feast (spring festival), she had to go to the maternal grandparents' house and bring a load of paddy rice (un-husked rice). She did so, but her stepmother was still not satisfied, and struck her head with a cookery utensil. Having being deprived of all youthful delights, the girl transformed herself into a cicada (or cricket), with her clothes as wings and feathers, and flew away with ravishing tears.[131][132] This legendary account is engraved in as one of the two stories in the Khongjomnubi Nongarol.

S&C

In the Haya Chak Era, when King Sentreng Apanba reigned in Antique Kangleipak (Ancient Manipur), he had a nobleman named Khulen Nganba who had two wives, the senior named Yangkhuleima (Yangkhureima, Yaibireima or Yaipileima) and the junior named Sangkhuleima (Sankhureima). By the grace of God, the elder one had a daughter named Sandrembi (Sanarembi) ("and also boy" in another version) and the younger one had only one daughter named Chaisra (Cheisra).[133][134] The father died after sometime. The two widows used to go to market for selling vegetables and go to Shilempat (Shilem lake) to catch fish for livelihood. Sangkhuleima, the younger widow always thought of ways to harm Yangkhuleima, the elder one. One day, it so happened that Yangkhuleima (the elder) caught all types of fish but Sangkhuleima (the younger) caught some snakes and reptiles and not a single fish. Both of them took rest under a fig tree. She grew envious of the fate of the elder one and climbed up the fig tree for plucking the fruits.[135] Once or twice she dropped the fig fruits to the elder one who partook of the juice. At last, the latter was made to close her eyes and open her mouth to swallow the most delicious fruit. Then she poured the snakes from her fish basket. The poor woman swallowed them and died on account of snake bite. Sangkhuleima came down and pushed the dead body of Yangkhuleima into the deep water of the lake. It got transformed into a tortoise (or turtle). Everybody was shocked to hear from Sangkhuleima, the younger co-wife, about news of the tragic death of Yangkhuleima, the elder widow by drowning. In another version of the story, Sangkhuleima told others that stubborn Yangkhuleima didn't want to return home and insisted on staying to catch fish until sunset.[136]

The younger widow and her daughter Chaisra (Cheisra) began to maltreat lovely Sandrembi (Shanarembi). One night, Yangkhuleima appeared in the dream of her daughter, Sandrembi, and revealed the crime committed by the stepmother. She further instructed Sandrembi to bring her (tortoise form) from the lake and keep her in a pitcher for five days without any break so that she may re-assume human form. Sandrembi did so but before the completion of the five days, Chaisra, the younger step sister, got the knowledge of the tortoise and so, she pretended to be ill in her bed. When Yangkhuleima, her mother came to her, she said that tortoise meat would cure her. "Get that tortoise which Sandrembi had caught from the lake. Boil it for cooking." The stepmother forced poor Sandrembi to boil the tortoise. Sandrembi tried to take away the fuel stick (on hearing the tortoise mother's words from the boiling pan/pot) but she could not save her mother (tortoise) before them.[137]

Chaisra and her mother devoured the tortoise meat to their heart's content and threw away the bones in the verandah. Again Yangkhuleima, the tortoise mother told Sandrembi in her dream to keep the bones of tortoise in a basket after covering it by a piece of cloth and it must not be opened for 7 days. Sandrembi did so. However, before the completion of the said period, out of her anxiety as well as curiosity, she opened the basket and thereby disturbing the normal process of coming to human shape. The tortoise mother assumed the shape of a sparrow and flew away. Both stepsisters grew up in course of time. Sandrembi, the elder, was beautiful and accomplished but not nicely dressed up. Chaisra, the younger, was ugly although properly dressed. Once the King ("Crown Prince" in another version) went for hunting with a large retinue, horses and elephants. The king saw the two maidens by a riverside.[138] Realising the quality of Sandrembi, the elder, the king made her the chief Queen after a ceremonial marriage. She spent her life with her brother in a joyous mood. A son was also born to her, the boy was named Machi Sana Melei Khomba in Meitei Manipuri sacred lores. Sangkhuleima, the stepmother and Chaisra, the step sister gnashed their teeth in anger and were planning to kill the Queen. They invited her for a dinner in their house. Sandrembi came to her stepmother's house with permission of the King. After the dinner, Chaisra, the younger, out of jealousy, dropped the Queen's dress under a bed ("in a hole" in another version). When Sandrembi went down to bring it up, the wicked stepmother poured the hottest water over Queen Sandrembi's body.[139] Poor Queen got transformed into a pigeon and flew away. Chaisra, in the Queen's dress, went to the palace and behaved as if she was the real queen. The suspected king told her in anger, "You are not my queen whose face is as fair as the lily. You are disfigured." Chaisra replied that she contracted mental and physical agony when she wept for her son. The king again continued, "You are not my queen for your nose is too long, your eyes are very deep and the hairs of the eyelids are bushy." Chaisra replied, "I missed you so much, I cried rubbing my eyes all the way." In spite of his suspicion, the King wanted suitable opportunity in order to detect the false queen. In the meantime, the pigeon flew into the Royal Garden, perched on a tree branch and addressed to the Royal Gardener ("grass cutter" in another version) concerning the forgetfulness of the King about Queen Sandrembi, animal epidemic, grievances of the Prince and loss of his own sickle along with a warning for reporting these words to the king. The king on getting the report went in search of the pigeon with grains of paddy in his hands. The King kept the supernatural bird in his palace. Even as a bird, she took away the dirty things from the Prince's eyes. Chaisra killed the bird with a stick and prepared a nice meal for the King.[140] The king refused to taste the flesh of the pet bird and threw it away and buried it behind the Royal Kitchen. But it was the age of the truth and there grew a lucious fruit plant and it bore full of fruits overnight ("only one fruit" in another version). A big lucious fruit also came from the plant. Chaisra, the false queen gave the lucious fruit as a gift to a monk ("servant" in another version). The man kept the fruit in a jar in his house since the same was not yet ripe enough to be eaten. Later it so happened to him that fruit disappeared when the knife was available and vice versa. Early next morning, he went out for work. Returning home, he was surprised to find that his cottage had been washed and the meal cooked. He kept the mystery concealed for some days and was determined to solve it by all means. Long before the first streak of day light came, he got up and had gone some distance secretly in the darkness and entered the cottage silently and peeped into his own room. At Sunrise, he saw a beautiful woman coming out of the jar and roaming in kitchen for house work. "It is a fruit maiden", he muttered. Recognising her as the Queen, he took her to the king. There was a quarrel between Sandrembi and Chaisra, the two step sisters on the issue of the identity of the real Queen. The obstinate Chaisra denied the whole story and called Sandrembi to be a "fruit maiden".[141]

At long last, the king decided to settle the case by appealing to a divine ordeal. The two had to fight a duel with swords. As per the code, the defendant was allowed to use a bright and sharp sword but the plaintiff (Sandrembi) had to use a rusty knife ("wooden knife" in another version) for on her part laid the burden of proof. It was thought that if justice was really on her, she would win inspite of using a rusty sword. Chaisra had no belief in the trial by ordeal and was hopeful that she would be able to kill her rival with one stroke. Her demand for use of the bright sword was a legitimate one. The blunt and rusty sword (or "wooden sword") was given to Sandrembi for she had to prove her own case. Sandrembi, the elder had the faith in her, "If I am innocent, may Chaisra's sword become harmless to me." In the arena, while Chaisra hewed and hacked at her with the sword, Sandrembi remained unhurt. Suddenly, the blunt sword of its own accord, slipped out of Sandrembi's hand and chopped off Chaisra's neck. In another version of the story, there was no fighting between them. Sandrembi, the elder pardoned Chaisra, the younger. Both of them lived together as chief queen and younger queen respectively in great happiness.[142]

olym

 

Manipur has produced a remarkable number of athletes who have participated in the Olympic Games. The first Olympian from Manipur is Pangambam Nilakamal in the 1984 Olympics. He represented India as a goalkeeper of India's men's hockey team. Manipur has produced 19 Olympians till now, who competed in 5 disciplines, namely, hockey, boxing, weightlifting, judo and archery. Out of 28 total medals won by India in the Olympic Games, 3 medals are from Manipur.

Medal Name Games Sports Event
3  Bronze Mary Kom 2012 Olympics Boxing Women's boxing
2  Silver


Saikhom Mirabai Chanu 2020 Tokyo Olympics Weightlifting Women's weightlifting 49 kg category
3  Bronze Nilakanta Sharma 2020 Tokyo Olympics Hockey Men's hockey
Games Athletes Sports Event
1984 Pangambam Nilakamal Hockey India's men's hockey team
1988 Kshetrimayum Thoiba Hockey India's men's hockey team
2000 Ngangom Dingko Boxing
2000 Soubam Suresh Boxing
2000 Lourembam Brojeshori Judo Women's Judo
2004 Thingbaijam Sanamacha Weightlifting Weightlifting Women's 53 kg category
2004 Nameirakpam Kunjarani Weightlifting Weightlifting Women's 48 kg category
2008 Khumujam Tombi Judo Women's Judo
2008 Laishram Bombayla Archery
2012 Khadangbam Kothajit Hockey India's men's hockey team
2012 Mary Kom* Boxing
2012 Laishram Devendro Boxing
2012 Ngangbam Sonia Weightlifting Weightlifting Women's 48 kg category
2012 Laishram Bombayla Archery
2016 Khadangbam Kothajit Hockey India's men's hockey team
2016 Kangujam Chinglensana Hockey India's men's hockey team
2016 Thokchom Anuradha Hockey India's women's hockey team
2016 Pukhrambam Sushila Chanu Hockey India's women's hockey team
2016 Saikhom Mirabai Chanu Weightlifting Weightlifting Women's 48 kg category
2016 Laishram Bombayla Archery
2020 Pukhrambam Sushila Chanu Hockey India's women's hockey team
2020 Nilakanta Sharma* Hockey India's men's hockey team
2020 Saikhom Mirabai Chanu* Weightlifting Weightlifting Women's 49 kg category
2020 Likmabam Sushila Judo Women's Judo
2020 Mary Kom Boxing

Judo

Games Athletes Sports Event
2000 Lourembam Brojeshori Judo Women's Judo
2008 Khumujam Tombi Judo Women's Judo
2020 Likmabam Sushila Judo Women's Judo

Weightlifting

Games Athletes Sports Event
2004 Thingbaijam Sanamacha Weightlifting Weightlifting Women's 53 kg category
2004 Nameirakpam Kunjarani Weightlifting Weightlifting Women's 48 kg category
2012 Ngangbam Sonia Weightlifting Weightlifting Women's 48 kg category
2016 Saikhom Mirabai Chanu Weightlifting Weightlifting Women's 48 kg category
2020 Saikhom Mirabai Chanu Weightlifting Weightlifting Women's 49 kg category

Boxing

Games Athletes Sports Event
2000 Ngangom Dingko Boxing
2000 Soubam Suresh Boxing
2012 Mary Kom Boxing
2012 Laishram Devendro Boxing

Hockey

Games Athletes Sports Event
1984 Pangambam Nilakamal Hockey India's men's hockey team
1988 Kshetrimayum Thoiba Hockey India's men's hockey team
2012 Khadangbam Kothajit Hockey India's men's hockey team
2016 Khadangbam Kothajit Hockey India's men's hockey team
2016 Kangujam Chinglensana Hockey India's men's hockey team
2016 Thokchom Anuradha Hockey India's women's hockey team
2016 Pukhrambam Sushila Chanu Hockey India's women's hockey team
2020 Pukhrambam Sushila Chanu Hockey India's women's hockey team
2020 Nilakanta Sharma Hockey India's men's hockey team

C

The Meitei currency for most of the history of Manipur consisted of gold, silver, bronze and copper coinage.[143] From the earliest history of the coinage in the Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak), during the 1st century CE, well into the modern times, Meitei currency saw many changes in form, denomination and composition. A persistent feature was the inflationary debasement and the replacement of coins over the centuries. Notable examples include the reforms of King Pamheiba (Persian: Gharibniwaj). This trend continued into modern times.[144][145] There are many archeological sites excavated in Manipur from where many ancient coins were found, among which Nachou is one of the most significant places.[146]

Standards and denominations

There were two kinds of coins issued in Ancient Manipur right from the time of the onset of marketing, which are "semkhai" and "sen". These are generally crafted out of bronze. Two "semkhai"s equals to one "sen".[147]

Ancient period

The earliest known coinage was issued by during the reign of Emperor Ura Konthouba in the 7th century CE in Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak).[148][149][150] Some historians strongly opined that the oldest known coins were circulated from the 1st century CE during the reign of Emperor Nongda Lairen Pakhangba in Ancient Manipur.[151] It is evident that bronze coins dating back to 568 AD to 658 AD were found inscribed with letters of archaic Meitei script.[152]

Medieval period

Early medieval

It is evident from the coins discovered that there was a good deal of literary activity taken place during the reign of King Kyamba.[153] The Cheitharol Kumbaba recorded that King Khagemba issued coins along with which there was all round progress in the kingdom.[154][155] In the Sana Keithel (Royal Market), there was a custom in which the king threw bell metal coins amidst the public as familiar gestures of goodwill and responsibility for public welfare.[156] In the beginning, kings had to abandon the plan to issue copper coins when the women traders refused to accept them.[157]

Late medieval

The coins issued before the reign of King Pamheiba (Persian: Garibaniwaja) depicted legends in the archaic Meetei script. For the first time in the history of Manipur's numismatics, Garibaniwaja introduced the Nagari script in depicting the legends. The tradition of depicting Bengali script and Nagari script in the coins was followed by the succeeding rulers of later times.[158] Many of the coins, issued in between seventeenth and nineteenth century AD, bear Sanskrit legends in Devanagari script.[159] On special occasions, coins were distributed among the crowds with a grand possession of the royalty.[160]

Modern period

On special occasions, coins were distributed among the crowds with a grand possession of the royalty.[161] In the Northeast India, only Manipur struck low denomination coins that were useful for market trading.[162]

Minting

The Senjam and the Aheibam families were engaged for making coins under the supervision of the institution of the maibas.[163] The populace often learned about of a new ruler when coins appeared with the new ruler's name. For example, Ura Konthouba (Wura Konthouba) issued coins bearing the Meetei letter "ꯋ" ("wa") denoting his name.[164][165][166][167]

Coins in religious activities

The senior most/chief male family members (pibas) used coins in the names of God Sanamahi and Goddess Leimarel and regularly perform rites and rituals in the Sanamahi Kachin (Lainingthou Kachin).[168][169] During the Laiching Jagoi, an ancient dance performance in the Lai Haraoba festival, the senior most maiba has to throw a "konyai" (gold or silver coin) and rice into the water to invoke a deity.[170] The art of fortune telling consists of throwing the coins on the floor and reading its results by the maibas and the maibis.[171][172]

Bibliography

Other websites

Q1

Leima Kaireima
Queen of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak)
BornKhuman kingdom, Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak)
SpouseKing Naophangba (427 AD-517 AD)(1825 MF-1915 MF) of Ningthouja dynasty
IssueKing Sameirang (517 AD-567 AD)(1915 MF-1965 MF) of Ningthouja dynasty
HouseKhuman dynasty
FatherPrince Waklen Tongyai ("Kacheng Khuyee Yaaba") of Khuman dynasty
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationQueen of Ningthouja dynasty and Princess of Khuman dynasty

Khuman Chanu Khayoiron Kaireima (Old Manipuri: Khuman Chanu Khayoilon Kaileima) was a Queen of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) kingdom. She is the consort of King Naophangba[173] (427 AD-517 AD or 1825 MF-1915 MF) of the Ningthouja dynasty and the princess of the Khuman dynasty.[174] She is the daughter of Waklen Tongyai ("Kacheng Khuyee Yaaba")[175], the younger brother of King Yoirangpok Punshiba[176], who ruled in the Khuman kingdom with Thoubal as its capital.[177] Along with Naophangba, she mothered King Sameirang (517 AD-567 AD or 1915 MF-1965 MF) of the Ningthouja dynasty.[178][179] For being the mother of a king, her name was recorded in the Chada Laihui, besides the Cheitharol Kumbaba and the Ningthourol Lambuba.

K15

Naothingkhong
Monarchy662 AD-762 AD (2060 MF-2160 MF)
Coronation662 AD (2060 MF)
PredecessorUra Konthouba
SuccessorKhongtekcha
BornHongnemyoi Khunjao[180]
SpousePitang-nga[181], Ewanglon Namun Chaobee[182]
Full name
Meitingu Naothingkhong
Era name and dates
Ancient Manipur: 662 AD-762 AD (2060 MF-2160 MF)
RoyaltyNingthouja dynasty
FatherUra Konthouba[183]
MotherLeima Nungjengshu[184]
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationRuler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak)

Meidingu Hongnemyoi Khunjao Naothingkhong (Old Manipuri: Meitingu Hongnemyoi Khunchao Naothingkhong[185]) was a Meetei ruler of Ningthouja dynasty of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). He is the successor of Ura Konthouba and the predecessor of Khongtekcha. He ran away from the Kangla at the age of about 10 or 12 years and went to live along the Shelloi Langmais in the Nongmaiching Hill in the eastern Manipur.[186] He was mad in love with Pitang-nga, a Langmai girl and married her.[187] They lived in her parents' house. This is the first reference to the matrilocal residence in the history of Manipuri ethnicity.[188] According to ancient sources, he has six wives from different clan principalities of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak).[189] In fact, he has nine total wives, out of which three are childless. So, in general cases, it is regarded as he has six wives.[190] He married Princess Ewanglon Namun Chaobee after engagement.[191] Luwang Ningthou Punshiba of Luwang dynasty gave training of state craft and the art of governance to Naothingkhong when he was a prince.[192][193][194] Besides, the great grandson of Luwang Ningthou Punshiba (from his first wife) got married to Naothingkhong's daughter.[195] The Naothingkhong Phambal Kaba (English: Naothingkhong's accession to the throne), a literary work, narrates his life story of how he ascended the throne.[196][197][198][199] He defeated Mangang Konkhuchaa Atengba, the chief of Mangang tribe, after which the Mangangs merged into the Ningthoujas.[200][201] He is one of the nine kings associated with the design of a historic flag.[202] The Meitei family Lourembam of the Ningthouja dynasty branch appeared during the reign of Naothingkhong.[203]

K14

Ura Konthouba
Monarchy567 AD-657 AD (1965 MF-2055 MF)
Coronation567 AD (1965 MF)
PredecessorSameirang[204]
SuccessorNaothingkhong
SpouseLeima Nungjenshu
IssueNaothingkhong[205]
Full name
Meitingu Ula Konthoupa
Era name and dates
Ancient Manipur: 567 AD-657 AD (1965 MF-2055 MF)
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationRuler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak)

Meidingu Ura Konthouba (Old Manipuri: Meitingu Ula Konthoupa) was a Meetei ruler of Ningthouja dynasty of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) kingdom. He is the successor of Sameirang and the predecessor of Naothingkhong. In 568 AD, he issued coins for the first time in the kingdom.[206] During his reign, the Selloi Langmai tribes attacked the Haokap hills by trespassing the Meetei territory.[207] The Naothingkhong Phambal Kaba describes that he uprooted the Selloi-Langmai people.[208] His daughter was married to the King of Moirang whose descendants took the surname "Ura".[209]

K13

Sameirang
Monarchy517 AD-567 AD (1915 MF-1965 MF)
Coronation517 AD (1915 MF)
PredecessorNaophangba
SuccessorUra Konthouba
Full name
Meitingu Saameilang
Era name and dates
Ancient Manipur: 517 AD-567 AD (1915 MF-1965 MF)
FatherNaophangba
MotherQueen Kaireima of Khuman dynasty[210][211]
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationRuler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak)

Meidingu Sameirang (Old Manipuri: Meitingu Sameilang) was a ruler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) kingdom. He is the successor of Naophangba and the predecessor of Ura Konthouba. He was born to King Naophangba of Ningthouja dynasty and Queen Kaireima, the princess of Khuman dynasty.[212][213] In 518 AD, he defeated Kwakpa Thawanthaba, the chief of the Angom principality and took possession of his territory after killing him.[214] He founded the "Phaida Loishang" (eunuch institution) led by a head for the first time in the kingdom.[215] During his reign, Yumnaks (Meitei families) like Yengkhom, Keithellakpam and Kheirom are found mentioning in the chronicles. These are the descendants of Thamanglang, the step brother of King Sameirang.[216] His name is mentioned in the inscription found in Khoibu region.[217][218]

K12

Naophangba
Monarchy427 AD-517 AD (1825 MF-1915 MF)
Coronation427 AD (1825 MF)[219]
PredecessorNaokhamba
SuccessorSaameirang
SpouseKaireima of Khuman dynasty[220] and Yaoreibi of Luwang dynasty[221][222]
IssueSameirang from Kaireima[223] and Thamanglang from Yaoreibi[224]
Full name
Meitingu Naophangpa
Era name and dates
Ancient Manipur: 427 AD-517 AD (1825 MF-1915 MF)[225]
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationRuler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak)

Meidingu Naophangba (Old Manipuri: Meitingu Naophangpa) was a ruler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) kingdom. He is the successor of Naokhamba and the predecessor of Sameiraang. He is one of the most outstanding figures in the history of Meitei architecture of Ancient Manipur.[226] He laid the foundation stone of the Kangla, the "Namthak Sarongpung", which is the holiest place to the Manipuri ethnicity.[227] During the inauguration of the coronation hall in the Kangla, a hog was sacrificed right from his era.[228] According to the Loyumba Shinyen, he took command from Mangang Luwang Khuman for the administration of justice in the kingdom.[229] According to the Chakparol, the ten villages of the Chakpas separated during his reign.[230] It was right from his reign that the newcomers (immigrants) were assigned and admitted to the yek salai (clans) and the yumnaks (families) of the Meitei ethnicity.[231] According to the Thengkourol, copper and brass were imported from Burma (Old Manipuri: Awaa Leipak) and China (Old Manipuri: Khaaki Leipak) during his reign.[232] The first seven kings preceding his reign were sometimes considered divine, but it was right from his era that the rulers were usually regarded as human beings.[233] He is remembered for his emphasis on ethics.[234] Though many Manipuri Muslims claim that their earliest ancestors settled in Manipur right from the reign of Naophangba (5th century AD)[235], the claim is clearly contradicted by the fact that Islam and Muslims first set feet in the Indian subcontinent in Gujarat, extreme Western India in 623 AD (7th century AD).[236]

K11

Naokhamba
Monarchy410 AD-427 AD (1825 MF-1915 MF)[237]
Coronation410 AD (1825 MF)
PredecessorKaokhangba[238]
SuccessorNaophangba
Full name
Meitingu Naokhampa
Era name and dates
Ancient Manipur: 410 AD-427 AD (1825 MF-1915 MF)[239]
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationRuler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak)

Meidingu Naokhamba (Old Manipuri: Meitingu Naokhampa) was a ruler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) kingdom. He is the successor of Kaokhangba and the predecessor of Naophangba.[240] During his reign, Manipuri traders reached out on horseback to upper Burma and China.[241] Besides the Cheitharol Kumbaba and the Ningthourol Lambuba, he is also mentioned in the Chengleiron.[242] Naokhamba abducted the wife of King Thangyi Khongjromba of the Chenglei tribe when she was in advanced stage of pregnancy. Later, a son named "Naophang Ahanba" was born to her.[243] During his reign, Chingjen Naran Panggalba, the king of the Chengleis left Kangleipak for westward lands.[244]

King 7

Taothingmang
Monarchy263 AD-363 AD (1661 MF-1761 MF)
Coronation263 AD (1661 MF)
PredecessorKhuyoi Tompok
SuccessorKhui Ningomba
Full name
Meitingu Taothingmang
Era name and dates
Ancient Manipur: 263 AD-363 AD (1661 MF-1761 MF)
RoyaltyNingthouja dynasty (Mangang dynasty)
FatherKhuyoi Tompok
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationRuler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak)

Taothingmang was a ruler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) kingdom. He was the only son and the successor of Emperor Khuyoi Tompok.[245][246] He was one of the nine kings associated with the different designs in a historic flag of the kingdom.[247] Other than the Cheitharol Kumbaba, the Ningthourol Lambuba and the Chada Laihui, Taothingmang and his elder brother Yoimongba are also especially mentioned in the Toreirol Lambuba and the Tutenglon.

King 6

Khuyoi Tompok

Khuyoi Tompok
Inventor of time measuring device and drum
Monarchy154 AD-263 AD (1551 MF-1661 MF)
Coronation154 AD (1551 MF)
PredecessorNongda Lairen Pakhangba
SuccessorTaothingmang
IssueYoimongba, Taothingmang and Lairoklembi
Full name
Meitingu Khuyoi Tompok
Era name and dates
Ancient Manipur: 154 AD-263 AD (1551 MF-1661 MF)
RoyaltyNingthouja dynasty (Mangang dynasty)
FatherNongda Lairen Pakhangba
MotherLaisana
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationRuler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak)

Khuyoi Tompok (154 AD-263 AD) was a ruler of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) kingdom.[248] He was the only son and the successor of Emperor Nongda Lairen Pakhangba (Old Manipuri: Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa) and Empress Laisana.[249][250] It was during his era that the time measuring device (pung/poong) and a traditional drum (a musical instrument) (pung/poong) were invented in the kingdom for the first time.[251][252][253][254][255] Various experments were carried out for the perfection of the traditional drum. At first, deer skin was used, secondly, tiger skin and thirdly, cow skin was used in making the drum.[256] The Chinglon Laaihui accounts for his expedition to find out metal ores, especially gold and silver ores in the kingdom.[257][258] He is one of the nine kings who is associated with the design of a royal flag.[259]

King 4

This page is about the foremost ruler of Manipur kingdom. For the first king of the Ningthouja dynasty, see Nongda Lairen Pakhangba.
Tangja Leela Pakhangba
The founder of Ancient Kangleipak kingdom
Monarchy1445 BC-1405 BC
Coronation1445 BC
HereditaryNingthou Kangba
BornTaang Chaa Lee La Paa Khangpa
IssueNingthou Kangba
Full name
Taangja Leelaa Paakhangba
Era name and dates
Ancient Manipur: 1445 BC-1405 BC
RoyaltyTang-Shang dynasty
ReligionPrimitive Meiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationKing of Ancient Kangleipak

Tangja Leela Pakhangba (Old Manipuri: Taang Chaa Lee La Paa Khangpa) (1445 BC-1405 BC) is the first king of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) civilization.[260] He is the father of King Ningthou Kangba (1405 BC-1359 BC) and the grandfather of King Maliyapham Palcha (Koi Koi) (1359 BC-1329 BC).[261][262] He is the consort of Queen Sinbee Leima, the daughter of the chief of the Leihou tribe. The history of Manipur accounts for many kings with the name "Pakhangba", more or less having reference to God Pakhangba, among which "Tangja Leela Pakhangba" is one.[263][264]

King 3

Maliyapham Palcha
Inventor of the Meitei calendar
1359 BC
Monarchy1359 BC-1329 BC
Coronation1359 BC
PredecessorNingthou Kangba
SuccessorNingthou Kaksuba
BornKoi Koi
Full name
Mari Ya Fambal Cha
Era name and dates
Ancient Manipur: 1359 BC-1329 BC
FatherNingthou Kangba
MotherLeima Taritnu
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationEmperor of Ancient Manipur

Maliyapham Palcha (1359 BC-1329 BC)[265], also known as Mari Ya Phambal Cha or Koi Koi, is a king of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) kingdom.[266] He is the successor and one of the nine sons of King Ningthou Kangba (1405 BC-1359 BC) as evident in the Ningthou Kangbalon.[267][268] He ascended the throne at the age of twenty five and introduced a calendar system called the Mari-Fam or Maliyapham (later known as the Meitei calendar).[269]

King 2

Luwang Ningthou Punshiba
Solomon of Ancient Manipur
Monarchyca. 7th century AD
PredecessorKing Nongban Pombi Luwaoba
Era name and dates
Ancient Manipur: ca. 7th century AD
Regnal name
Luwang Punshiba
RoyaltyLuwang dynasty
FatherKing Nongban Pombi Luwaoba (according to legend)
MotherKoubru Namoinu (according to legend)
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationKing of the Luwang dynasty

Luwang Ningthou Punshiba, shortly known as Luwang Punshiba, is a king of the Luwang dynasty of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) civilization.[270][271] He is best known for his long life and outstanding wisdom in Manipuri folklore and history of Manipur.[272] According to the Hijan Hirao and the Hirol, he is the originator of the Hiyang Tannaba (boat race) with the invention of the Hiyang Hiren (traditional boat).[273][274][275] Some historians opined that Luwang Ningthou Punshiba is the fourth descendant of Poireiton and he has nine wives.[276] Regarding relationship with the Meitei kings of the Ningthouja dynasty, Punshiba gave training of state craft and the art of governance to Naothingkhong (663 AD-763 AD) when he was a prince.[277][278] Besides, the great grandson of Luwang Ningthou Punshiba (from his first wife) got married to Meitei king Naothingkhong's daughter.[279] However, he is also considered as a mythological divine figure in some literary works.[280][281]

K

Ningthou Kangba
Inventor of the Polo game
1405 BC
Monarchy1405 BC - 1359 BC
Coronation1405 BC
PredecessorTangja Leela Pakhangba (1445 BC-1405 BC)
SuccessorMaliyapham Palcha (1359 BC- 1329 BC)
BornA cave in the Mount Koubru, 35 km from the north of Imphal
Burial
Kangmong village, Nambol, Imphal East district
SpouseLeima Taritnu
FatherTangja Leela Pakhangba (1445 BC-1405 BC)
MotherSinbee Leima
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationKing of Ancient Kangleipak kingdom

Ningthou Kangba (1405 BC-1359 BC) is a king of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) kingdom.[282] He is known for being the inventor of Sagol Kangjei, the earliest form of the modern day polo sports.[283] He is the son of King Tangja Leela Pakhangba (1445 BC-1405 BC) and Queen Sinbee Leima. He is the consort of Queen Leima Taritnu, daughter of a king named Nongpok Ningthou of the Nongmaiching Hill in the east of Imphal.

According to the Ningthou Kangbalon, an ancient historical account of his family, King Kangba was born in a cave in the Mount Koubru in northern Manipur. Some historians opined that he belongs to the house of Salang Leishangthem dynasty.[284] However, some opined that he belongs to the house of the Khaba Nganba dynasty.[285]

In 2018, the Government of Manipur proclaimed that a heritage site will be developed in memory of the king in the Kangmong village, to promote tourism.[286][287][288][289][290][291][292][293]

Prehistory

 

Comparing with other regions of the world, the development process of the archaeological work in Manipur is of recent times. The pioneering work in archeology was initiated by O. Kumar Singh. Before his presence, there was little information on the existence of the stone culture of Manipur.[294][295][296][297] O. Kumar Singh is of the view that "Pre-Historic people used to settle in the hills during the Paleolithic and Mesolithic (Hoabinhian) culture while Neolithic people lived in both hills and valley. They came down to the valley at least by about 2000 BC."[298][299] On the basis of the characters of the tool industry, the prehistory of Manipur is broadly classified into three periods.

Paleolithic period

Further information: Paleolithic

Paleolithic period is the most primitive stone culture era. The Paleolithic period varies from place to place. In Manipur's neighbouring country Burma (Myanmar), the lower Paleolithic culture started from 750000 to 275000 BP. The Homo erectus (early Anyathian culture) began to settle on the banks of the Ayeyawaddy river in Burma in 750000 BCE. However, in case of Manipur, Paleolithic period started from 20,000 to 10,000 BCE.[300]

The stone culture of Paleolithic period were discovered from the five archeological sites, Songbu, Khangkhui, Machi, Nongpok Keithel Manbi and Singtom.

  • Songbu cave - Discovered in 1983, the rock type was found to be of fine quartzite sandstone. Stone tools discovered here are of two types, core tools and flake tools. The quantity of the flake tools (77.7℅) is much higher than those of core tools (22.2℅). The period of the existence of the stone culture at Songbu cave is fixed at 20,000 BP, belonging to the middle Paleolithic period.[301][302][303][304][305] At the time of exploration, the nine types of artifacts discovered are: (1) Flake - 1, (2) Knife - 1, (3) Blade Hake - 3, (4) Point - 1, (5) Borer scrapper - 1, (6) Hand axe - 1, (7) Spilt pebbles - 1.
  • Khangkhui cave - Located in Ukhrul district, the rock type found is of limestone Cretaceous origin. Discovered in 1969, there are four caves in the Khangkhui, two on the western slopes and two on the eastern slopes. Cave number 1 and 2 are on the western and number 3 and 4 on the eastern slopes. Numerous stalactites are found hanging on the roof of the cave. Exploratory work started in 1969-1972 but was abruptly stopped due to unfavorable circumstances. The tools discovered are of two types, limestone tools (96.4℅) and sandstone tools (2.2℅). Bone tools were significantly found in the cave no. 3, especially of Cervus, Sus and Bonvines. Though some suggest that the age of the earliest existence of the stone culture at the Khangkhui to be around 15,000 BC, T.C. Sharma opined it to be around 30,000 BCE, belonging to the Upper or Late Paleolithic period.[306][307][308]
  • Nongpok Keithelmanbi - Discovered the stone culture in 1982-1984, the Nongpok Keithelmanbi is an archeological site of Paleolithic period and post Paleolithic period (Mesolithic period).[309][310] The exploration site was classified into Locality-1 (Mesolithic), Locality-2 (Paleolithic) and Locality-3 (Paleolithic). The site is estimated to be of Upper or Late Paleolithic period.[311] Most artifacts are made of Quartzitic sandstone pebbles and few of chert.[312][313]
  • Singtom - Discovered in 1989 in Chandel district of Manipur, 16 stone tools relics are collected from the site. These are (1) hand axe, (2) work flat pebble with round edge, (3) flaked pebbles, (4) blade, (5) flake, (6) pebble striker, (7) split pebble, (8) waste flake. All these are made up of Quartzitic sandstone.[314][315]
  • Machi - Discovered in 1974 in Chandel district and Tengnoupal district of Manipur, this archeological site dates back to the period of early Stone Age and Lower Paleolithic period.[316][317][318][319][320]

Mesolithic period

Further information: Mesolithic

The Mesolithic period (Hoabinhian period or post Paleolithic period or pre Neolithic period) has two remarkable archeological sites in Manipur. These are the Nongpok Keithelmanbi and the Tharon cave.[321][322]

  • Nongpok Keithelmanbi - The locality-1 out of the three localities (sections) of this site belongs to the Mesolithic period, while the others belong to the Paleolithic period. Most tools are made of the Quartzitic sandstone. Seventy nine artifacts of mesolithic period are discovered in this site. These are:- (1) Chisel edge pebble tools, (2) Round edge pebble tools, (3) Pebble pick, (4) Scrapper, (5) Blade, (6) Split pebble, (7) Pebble with batter marks, (8) Pebble with ground faces, (9) Flake and (10) Manu port. Approximate time dates back to 4460+-120 BP.[323]
  • Tharon cave - First exploration took place in 1979 by the State Archeology Department Government of Manipur, and again retaken in 1989, five caves were discovered so far. 39 mesolithic artifacts were discovered. These are:- (1) Chopping tools, (2) Hand adze, (3) Hand axe, (4) Pointed tools, (5) Scrapper, (6) Edge ground knife, (7) Quern, (8) Grinder, (9) twenty five unclassified ground pebbles.[324][325]

Neolithic period

Further information: Neolithic

The Neolithic period is the last of the three Stone Age periods. It has 4 archeological sites in Manipur.[326][327] These are (1) Napachik[328], (2) Laimanai[329], (3) Phunan[330], (4) Nongpok Keithelmanbi.[331]

Bibliography

Other websites

P4

Maichou is a high priest in Sanamahism (Meitei religion).[345] The term "maichou" is the product of the fusion of two Meitei language words, maiba meaning priest and achouba meaning chief or great.[346] They are regarded as the philosophers[347][348], shamans[349] and scholars.[350][351][352]

P3

Nupa Maibi or a Nupa Amaibi (literally, "male priestess"[353]) is a male transgender priest in Sanamahism (Meitei religion).[354] They are called "male priestess" as they hold the roles of the maibis in the religious rites and rituals, though they are biologically male. They are said to be possessed by the spirits of Lairembis (female deities).[355] They have crucial roles to play in the sacred Lai Haraoba festival.

P2

Maibi or an Amaibi is a female priestess or a nun who uphold the sacred rites and rituals of Sanamahism (Meitei religion).[356][357] Their lives and duties encompass a wide range of activities to the spiritual life of the Meitei ethnicity. They play significant role in the Lai Haraoba festival to please the Umang Lais and the Lam Lais.[358][359] Maibism or Maibi culture is a dominant feature in Sanamahism.[360] The male counterpart of a Maibi is a Maiba.

P1

Maiba or an Amaiba (literally, "priest"[361][362]) is a religious leader authorised to perform the sacred rites and rituals of Sanamahism (Meitei religion)[363][364], especially as a mediatory agent between human beings and one or more deities. They have the authority or power to administer religious rites as well as sacrifices to gods. Their office or institution is called Maiba Loishang (Maiba Loisang), later renamed as Pandit Loisang, during Aryanisation of Meitei culture. They also served as healers, doctors[365], magicians[366], medicine men[367], physicians and shamans.[368][369] They play important roles in the ancestor worship (apokpa khurumjaba) ceremony.[370] Chief priest or chief among the maibas is called Maichou, a term formed with the amalgamation of two words ("maiba"- priest, "achouba"- big, chief, great).[371] Since their position is not hereditary, they acquire their positions through talent and skills.[372]

B4

an Ancient Meitei language historic text (PuYa) about the genealogy of the rulers of the Chenglei dynasty of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) kingdom.[373] It gives the detailed information on the events that took place in the principality dominated by the Chengleis.[374] It mentions that Chingjen Naran Pangganba, the son of Thangyi Khongjomba, the king of the Chengleis, left Kangleipak for the westward lands.[375][376]

B2

an Ancient Meitei language historic text, which presents a brief genealogy of the rulers of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) in the pre Christian era.[377] According to the manuscript, King Ningthou Kangba (Old Manipuri: Ningthou Kangpa) had nine sons, Koikoi, Teima, Yangma, Tesrot, Urenkhuba, Urenhanba, Irem, Khabi and Langba. Teima became a Meitei. Yangma went to the West of Kangleipak (present day Manipur) and spread over to Mayang (Cachar and beyond). Tesrot went to Takhel (present day Tripura) and became Takhel (Tripuri). Urenkhuba spread over as a people of Ancient Moirang, Irem went to the North and became Pasa. Khabi/Khaba went to the east and became a part of Chinese people. Langba went to the South and spread over his descendants. The name of Manipur was "Tilli Koktong Leikoilel" during the period of Ningthou Kangba.[378]

R

a term used to describe the original animistic religious belief system of the Meitei ethnicity in particular.[379][380][381][382] It refers to the pre-Hindu faith of the Meitei ethnic group.[383] It incorporates various teachings from the Meitei scriptures.[384] is a large facet of the collective synthesis of believes known as Sanamahism. Though Meiteism is treated as another name of Sanamahism, the later term has wider coverage of the traditional beliefs and practices of the hill tribesman communities also. The term was used during the Meitei revivalism movement to promote the ethnic religion of the Meitei people explicitly.[385] In every Meitei household, there is a sacred abode of God Sanamahi, called the Sanamahi Kachin.[386]

F2

annual cultural and technical festival organized by the National Institute of Technology (NIT), Manipur.[387][388][389] Its name is derived from the ancient cultural dance and music performance, of the Lai Haraoba festival.

There are many events organized in the festival, which includes sports, battle of bands, modern dance and cultural dance, DJ-night, mock placement, men soccer and LAN gaming in the NIT Manipur campus, Takyelpat.[390] The bands that participate in the battle of bands in the year 2015 include Agro, Freedom Band, Karima Band, MIT, Dominik, Abundant Life, Virgo Diamond, Riverted, Meitrabak and Electrify.[391]

F1

a Meitei cultural ritual song with various appellations of the sun and the mythology of creation.[392] It is often sung in the conclusion of the Lai Haraoba festival.[393][394][395] Its theme is closely associated with the creation myth of the earth itself.[396] It is also regarded as the song of thanksgiving to the Almighty God.[397][398] It is always sung in the chorus formed by the male singers with the maiba as the precentor and is strongly enjoined that the chains of the singers forming a circle should never be snapped.[399] It is also known for its incantatory power[400], for with the alteration of a few lines, it is believed to have been able to cause either prosperity or destruction of the kingdom and the people.[401] Many rulers performed by themselves the rites of singing it with an accompanying dance on the occasion of their conquests[402] or coronation. According to the manuscript "Laisra Pham", a treatise on administration and social conduct, "Ougri" is refered to as sung at the coronation of Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa in 33 AD. The Naothingkhong Phambal Kaba mentions it as being taught by the sage Luwawg king to the Meitei prince as a part of the Meitei lore, which according to the chronicle Cheitharol Kumbaba, took place just prior to 663 AD. In some cases, it is also refered to as the actual war songs of the Meitei people.[403] Notably, it is regarded as one of the earliest gems in the Meitei literature (Manipuri literature).[404]

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JQjgAAAAMAAJ&q=ougri&dq=ougri&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcionPr-nwAhUICTQIHVg5BZ44ChDoATAIegQIBRAD

Co

a 12th century written constitution, regulated in the Manipur kingdom during the regime of King Loyumba (1074 AD-1112 AD).[405] A promulgation of the proto-constitution in 429 AD by King Naophangba was reduced to a final format in 1100 AD.[406][407][408] Historically, it is the first written constitution[409], and one of the well recorded antique manuscripts of the kingdom.[410][411] It includes the accounts of the distribution of the duties to the subjects of the king.[412][413] Its rules and regulations remains to be an authoritative work in the Meitei social system till the present day Manipur.[414]

Lang -pending

Chakpa Meitei
Chakpa Phayeng Sekmai[415][416]
Native toManipur[417]
Region  India
EthnicityLoi communities of the Meitei ethnicity[418]
Era1445 BC - present
Sino-Tibetan
Early form
Dialects
Meitei script
Latin alphabet (to a lesser extent)
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologloii1241

Chakpa Meitei or Loi Meitei is a spoken vernacular Meitei dialect of the Loi villages of Manipur.[422][423]

Chakpa Phayeng Sekmai is a dialect of Meitei language (Manipuri language), which is a part of the Sino-Tibetan family.[424][425]

Other websites

Prop

Meitei prophet

Laininghan Naoriya Phulo
Phundrei
Born28th August, 1888
Laishram Khul Mayai Leikai, Assam
Died1941
NationalityManipuri
Occupation(s)Philosopher and religious reformer[426]
OrganizationFounded the Apokpa Marup in 1930, Cachar[427]
Known forRevivalism of the antique paganism Sanamahism (Meitei religion) of the Meitei ethnicity[428]
Notable workApokpa Mapu Gi Tungnapham
TitleLaininghan
FamilyNaorem

Laininghan Naoriya Phulo (b.28th August, 1888) was a Meitei religious, social and political leader and the founder of the antique Meitei religion revivalist school of Apokpa Marup.[429][430][431] According to Meitei doctrines, he was regarded as a prophet who was born to preserve and revive the suppressed ancient paganism of the Meitei ethnicity.[432] He is seen as an example for all Meiteis to follow. He invented the modern Meitei script and Meitei numerals as a gift from the old script which he discovered from the Shakok Salai Thiren, an ancient manuscript, based on the cosmic evolution of the Meitei mythology.[433][434] Still today, people celebrate his birthday on the month of Thawan (August) according to Meitei calendar both in Assam and Manipur.[435]

Bibliography

Other websites

Surnames

Haoreima/sandbox
Origin
Language(s)Meitei language (Manipuri language)
Place of originManipur, North East India
Related pagesOinam family
 
The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for: Haoreima/sandbox.

' is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.[436][437]

Surnames-Deities

Family names mentioned in the Loyumba Shinyen

Meitei families and their serving respective pantheons

Selected Families Latin-Roman transliteration Deities to be served Latin-Roman transliteration
ꯍꯩꯔꯣꯝ Heirom[438] ꯃꯩꯔꯩꯃ Meireima[439][440]
ꯏꯔꯣꯝ Irom[441] ꯈꯝꯂꯥꯡꯕ Khamlangba[442]
ꯁꯣꯔꯦꯜꯁꯪꯕꯝ Sorelsangbam ꯁꯣꯔꯥꯔꯦꯟ Soraren[443]
ꯁꯔꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ Sharang Leishangthem* ꯂꯟꯃꯥꯕꯤ Lanmabee[444]
ꯁꯔꯣꯠꯈꯥꯏꯕꯝ Sharotkhaibam ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯕꯤ Phouoibi[445]
ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯪꯕꯝ Potshangbam ꯁꯪꯂꯥꯡꯃꯩ (ꯀꯪꯂꯥ) Shanglangmei (Kangla)[446]
ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯈ꯭ꯔꯝꯕꯝ Moirang Pukhrambam ꯀꯨꯠꯆꯨ (ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯟꯁꯪ) Kutchu (Wayenshang)[447]
ꯁꯧꯕꯝ Shoubam ꯃꯋꯥꯎ ꯂꯩꯃ Mawao Leima[448]
ꯍꯩꯁ꯭ꯅꯥꯝ Heishnam ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ Panthoibi[449]
ꯈꯣꯏꯁꯅꯥꯝ Khoisanam ꯄꯦꯇꯪꯉꯥ Petangnga[450]
ꯇꯥꯏꯕꯪꯖꯝ Taibangjam ꯂꯥꯏꯈꯨꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ Laikhurembi[451]
ꯀꯣꯟꯊꯧꯖꯝ Konthoujam ꯍꯨꯏꯃꯨꯔꯩꯃ Huimureima[452]
ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕꯝ Ashangbam ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥꯎꯇꯥꯕꯤ Lainaotabi[453]
ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯥꯝ Chingkham ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯦꯜꯂꯩꯃ Nugthelleima[454]
ꯑꯔꯥꯝꯕꯝ Arambam ꯁꯧꯕꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ Shoubon Leima[455]
ꯌꯦꯟꯈꯣꯝ ꯐꯤꯁꯥꯕꯝ Yenkhom Phisabam ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ (ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ) Awangba[456]
ꯂꯨꯋꯥꯡꯁꯪꯕꯝ Luwangshangbam ꯂꯨꯋꯥꯡ ꯆꯤꯡ Luwang Ching (idolized)[457]
ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯝ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯪꯕꯝ Sinam Laishangbam* ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ Lainingthou[458]
ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯊꯦꯝ Moirangthem Puthem* ꯄꯨꯊꯤꯕ Puthiba (idolized)[459]
ꯃꯪꯁꯥꯇꯥꯕꯝ Mangsatabam ꯄꯨꯔꯩꯔꯣꯝꯕ Pureiromba[460]
ꯂꯪꯃꯥꯏꯊꯦꯝ Langmaithem ꯇꯦꯟꯂꯣꯡꯕ Tenlongba[461]
ꯉꯔꯥꯡꯌꯥꯟꯄꯝ Ngarangyanpam ꯊꯣꯡꯉꯥꯛ Thongak[462]
ꯅꯥꯀꯜꯕꯝ Nakalbam ꯆꯤꯡꯀꯣꯜ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ Chingkol Ningthou[463]
ꯈꯨꯔꯥꯏꯖꯝ Khuraijam ꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯃ Chingbal Leima[464]
ꯃꯩꯌꯦꯡꯕꯝ Meiyengbam ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯩꯕꯤ Yaoreibi[465]
ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ Leishangthem* ꯀꯧꯕꯔꯦꯜ Koubarel[466]
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯖꯝ Ningthoujam* ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯂꯩꯃ Numit Leima[467]
ꯄꯨꯛꯀꯂꯕꯝ Pukkalabam ꯀꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ Koubru[468]
ꯆꯦꯡꯂꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯥꯡꯕꯝ Chenglei Laishangbam* ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ Marjing[469]
ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ Moirangthem* ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ ꯐꯛꯇꯣꯝ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ Moirang Phaktom Ariba[470]
ꯀꯥꯡꯄꯨꯆꯝ Kangpucham ꯍꯣꯡꯅꯦꯝꯌꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯟꯖꯥꯎ Hongnemyoi Khunjao[471]
ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯥꯜꯕꯝ Chingkhalbam ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥ Chinga[472]
ꯂꯣꯡꯖꯝ ꯐꯩꯔꯣꯏꯖꯝ Longjam Pheiroijam ꯂꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ Langjing[473]
ꯇꯦꯛꯆꯝ Tekcham ꯂꯥꯡꯉꯣꯜ Langgol[474]
ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯊꯦꯝ Nongmaithem ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯆꯤꯡ (ꯂꯪꯃꯥꯏꯆꯤꯡ) Nongmaiching (Langmaiching)[475]
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯖꯝ Ningthoujam* ꯆꯤꯡꯉꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ Chinga Leima[476]
ꯍꯩꯊꯧ ꯈꯣꯡꯇꯦꯛꯆꯝ Heithou Khongtekcham ꯂꯥꯡꯆꯤꯡ ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯃ Langching Hiyangthou Leima[477]
ꯊꯥꯎꯄꯤꯆꯝ Thaopicham ꯌꯨꯝꯖꯥꯎ ꯂꯩꯃ Yumjao Leima[478]

Notable Women

Notable women in the history of Manipur kingdom

Manipuri women have been known for their valor, skill and active involvement in social, economic, political and cultural activities, besides holding almost all the household responsibilities as a mother, wife, daughter, sister and daughter in law.[479]

British Political Agend of the then 1908 Manipur quoted in his monograph, The Meitheis as follows:

The women hold a high and free position in Manipur, all the integral trade and exchange of the produce of the country being managed by them. The habit of the country is to have bazars (markets) at convenient spots by the road side, where a handful of women congregate at the early hour...!

Linthoingambi

Leima Linthoingambi was the queen of king Ningthoukhomba (1432-1567) of Manipur. During the invasion of the Ankla tribes, the king had to proceed at the war field. At the King's absence in the capital city, the Tangkhul tribes raided the city. But in disguise as the king, the queen resisted their revolution by offering strong wine at the king's absence. With her wits, the kingdom was saved. This account is recorded in the Ningthourol Lambuba.[480][481][482]

Kuranganayani

Kuranganayani, originally known as Shija Phongalokpi, is the biological daughter of King Gaurishyam and the adoptive daughter of King Bhagyachandra. She was offered hand in marriage to the Ahom king to strengthen the relationship between the two kingdoms as well as to get military aid from the Ahoms for the Meiteis to resist the Burmese conquest of Manipur. But she turned out to be a heroine even in the Ahom kingdom. It was she who saved the Ahom kingdom from the hands of the Moamoriya revolts.[483][484][485][486][487][488][489][490][491][492]

Yairipok Thambalnu

Thambalnu was a lady from a poor family in Yairipok town of Manipur. But her beauty and charm causes conflicts among many able men in the kingdom in her times. During flood times from the Imphal river in the kingdom, the Royal Oracle proclaimed that the water god Wangbren will be pleased if a young girl is offered to Him. Since Thambalnu became a problem for numerous men, she was chosen to be offered to the deity. So, she was forcibly (or voluntarily) put in sacrifice to the strong river flow. After her death, the flood was also gone.[493]

Maharani Kumudini Queen Kumudini was widowed when her son was at a ripe age. She devised many diplomatic relations and plots to protect the throne from the other family members of the royalty. When her son, Chandrakirti became the king, she was known as a popular feminine icon in the kingdom.[494][495][496]

http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.The_Role_Of_Manipuri_Women_In_Administration_Part_2

http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.The_Role_Of_Manipuri_Women_In_Administration_Part_3

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Role_of_Women_in_Manipur_2

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Manipur_A_womans_world_By_Ashwini_Sunil

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Manipuri_women_and_their_tolerance_By_Nganthoi_Lourembam

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Meitei_Women_in_Collectives_Gender_Roles_and_Potentials_Part_1_By_Ningthoujam_Irina

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Meitei_Women_in_Collectives_Gender_Roles_and_Potentials_Part_2_By_Ningthoujam_Irina

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Meitei_Women_in_Collectives_Gender_Roles_and_Potentials_Part_3_By_Ningthoujam_Irina

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Patriarchy_in_Disguise_The_Role_and_Status_of_Women_of_Meitei_society_in_Manipur_Part_1

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Patriarchy_in_Disguise_The_Role_and_Status_of_Women_of_Meitei_society_in_Manipur_Part_2

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Ningol_Chakouba_Festival_Giving_respect_to_Girls_and_Women_By_Moirangthem_Jiban

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.True_Spirit_Of_Ningol_Chakouba_by_Seram_Neken

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Manipuri_Women_A_Complete_Person_By_Seram_Neken

http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Women_in_Manipur

Gods

Imung Lai An Imung Lai or Emung Lai is any god or goddess worshipped inside the household of the mankind in Meitei folklore and religion. The Imung Lais are the protectors and caretakers of the people. People perform different rites and rituals to worship the deities. The main deities include Sanamahi and Leimarel.

Goddess

Names Alternate spellings Latin transliteration English translation (or description)
ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯄꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ, ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯄꯤ Panthoibi Goddess of war, love and fertility[497][498][499]
ꯇꯥꯟꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯇꯥꯟꯊꯣꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ Tanthong Leima
ꯂꯦꯝꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯂꯦꯝꯊꯣꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ Lemthong Leima
ꯂꯝꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯂꯝꯇꯦꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ Lamteng Leima
ꯍꯩꯅꯧꯄꯣꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ - Heinoupok Leima Goddess of mango tree
ꯆꯪꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯆꯡꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯆꯪꯅꯤꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯆꯡꯅꯤꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ Chang-ning Leima
ꯅꯨꯡꯀꯣꯢꯄꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯀꯣꯏꯄꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯣꯏꯕꯤ Noong-koipi War goddess
ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯢ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏ ꯂꯩꯃ Koloi Leima Goddess of naming
ꯊꯨꯝ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯊꯨꯝꯔꯩꯃ Thumleima Goddess of salt and salt brines[500][501][502]
ꯉꯥꯂꯩꯃ ꯉꯥꯔꯩꯃ Ngaleima Goddess of fish[503][504][505]
ꯊꯥꯂꯩꯃ ꯊꯥꯔꯩꯃ Thaleima Goddess of moon
ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯄꯤ ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯄꯤ, ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯕꯤ, ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯐꯧꯂꯩꯃ, ꯐꯧꯔꯩꯃ Phouoipi Goddess of agriculture, crops and food[506][507][508][509]
ꯌꯣꯠ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯌꯣꯠꯔꯩꯃ Yot-Leima Goddess of iron
ꯋꯥꯇꯂꯩ ꯁꯤꯜꯍꯩꯄꯤ ꯋꯥꯇꯔꯩ ꯁꯤꯟꯍꯩꯕꯤ Waatalei Silheipi Goddess of artisans and occupation
ꯀꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯀꯣꯜꯂꯩꯃ Kon-Leima Goddess of utensils
ꯈꯥꯢꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯅꯨ ꯈꯥꯏꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯅꯨ Khaipa Ningthou Chanu
ꯃꯣꯢꯅꯨ ꯆꯅꯨ ꯃꯣꯏꯅꯨ ꯆꯅꯨ Moinu Chanu Caretaker goddess of mankind, wealth and prosperity[510][511]
ꯄꯤꯊꯦꯠ ꯂꯩꯃ - Pithet Leima
ꯂꯥꯢꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯟ ꯊꯥꯟꯄꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯟ ꯊꯥꯟꯕꯤ Laiwa Leima Laisan Thaanpi
ꯈꯥꯄꯤ ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯢ ꯆꯅꯨ ꯈꯥꯕꯤ ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯏ ꯆꯅꯨ Khapi Lukoi Chanu
ꯂꯤꯛꯂꯥꯄꯤꯆꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯂꯥꯕꯤꯆꯥ Liklapicha
ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ Yaipi Leima Goddess of souls
ꯊꯣꯡꯉꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯊꯣꯪꯉꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ Thongak Leima Gatekeeper goddess of the door of the death
ꯁꯤꯇꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ - Sitanupi
ꯆꯂꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯆꯔꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ Chalang Leima (Charang Leima)
ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯢꯄꯤ ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯏꯕꯤ, ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯢꯕꯤ, ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯏꯄꯤ Pithaipi Giver Goddess
ꯈꯥꯡꯇꯂꯥꯢꯄꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯇꯂꯥꯏꯄꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯢꯕꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯤ Khongtalaipi
ꯁꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯁꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ Salik Leima (Sarik Leima)
ꯈꯝꯄ ꯌꯥꯡꯇꯩ ꯈꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯡꯗꯩ Khampa Yangtei
ꯅꯨꯡꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯂꯥꯎꯄꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯂꯥꯎꯕꯤ Nungkhong Nunglaopi Goddess of stones
ꯄꯨꯛꯁꯂꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯄꯨꯛꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ Pukhsali Leima

PR2

Thamanglang
Progenitor of Yengkhom, Keithellakpam and Kheirom
BornAncient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak)
HouseNingthouja dynasty
FatherKing Naophangba of Ningthouja dynasty
MotherQueen Yaoreibi of Luwang dynasty[512]
ReligionMeiteism of Sanamahism
OccupationPrince of Ningthouja dynasty

Thamanglang was a prince of the Ningthouja dynasty of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak) kingdom. He is a son of King Naophangba[513][514] of Ningthouja dynasty and Queen Yaoreibi of Luwang dynasty.[515] He is a step brother of Sameirang, who later became the king.[516] He is the progenitor of the yumnaks including Yengkhom, Keithellakpam and Kheirom of the Ningthouja dynasty of the present day Meitei ethnicity.[517][518]

PR1

Sija Laioibi (literally, "a princess who became a goddess"[519] or "a princess who looks after a God"[520][521]), also known as Shija Lailotpi[522] or Bimbabati[523], is the daughter of King Rajarshi Bhagyachandra and the princess of Medieval Manipur.[524] She is said to be the dancer of the Manipuri Rasa Leela dance in the premise of the Shri Govindaji Temple, notably by wearing the potloi, for the first time in the history of Manipur.[525][526] She remained to be a spinster for her whole life, dedicating herself as the spiritual consort (or "female devotee") of Hindu God Krishna[527], for which she earned the title "Mirabai of the Hindu Manipuris".[528] She is a popular figure in the Manipuri Vaishnavism. Later, she ended her life in Nabadwip, the birthplace of Lord Chaitanya.[529]

Documents

Cheitharol Kumbaba

The Cheitharol Kumbaba, originally spelt as the Cheithalol Kumpapa, is the royal court chronicle of the rulers of the Ningthouja dynasty of Manipur.[530][531] It records various historical events happened in different reigns of the succeeding rulers right from the reign of Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa in 33 AD.[532][533][534][535]

  1. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=f3AMAQAAMAAJ&q=cheitharol+kumbaba&dq=cheitharol+kumbaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjB55yY8LnwAhVYH7cAHQT_DbkQ6AEwB3oECAkQAw
  2. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ndjsAAAAMAAJ&q=cheitharol+kumbaba&dq=cheitharol+kumbaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH8Pub-bnwAhUU-nMBHRt_Bx44ChDoATAGegQIBhAD

Pending

Sl. No. Name of the rulers Reign
1 Iwang Puriklai Ngangningshing Unknown
2 Iwang Puriklai Hamsha Thaba Unknown
3 Iwang Puriklai Phang Liklai Unknown
4 Iwang Puriklai Yoiba Unknown
5 Iwang Puriklai Narong Unknown
6 Iwang Puriklai Mayamba Unknown
7 Iwang Puriklai Sunucha Unknown
Sl. No. Name of the rulers Reign Periods
1 Iwang Puriklai Phang Phang Ponglen Hanba 80 52 BC- 28 AD
2 Iwang Puriklai Telheiba 50 28 - 78
3 Iwang Puriklai Lai Phacheng 52 78-130
4 Iwang Puriklai Ura Ngangoiba (Ura Khundaba) 55 130-185
5 Iwang Puriklai Sana Lakhwa 51 185-236
6 Iwang Puriklai Laiyu Punshiba 61 236-297
7 Iwang Puriklai Tusemba 40 297-337
8 Iwang Puriklai Koting Ahanpa 50 337-387
9 Iwang Puriklai Thikri Nachaopa (Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba) 60 387-447
10 Iwang Puriklai Nungnang Tomba 49 447-496
11 Iwang Puriklai Khokhei Lanthaba 37 496-533
12 Iwang Puriklai Ura Khongyamba 41 533-574
13 Iwang Puriklai Theeyang Meechaoba 60 574-614
14 Iwang Puriklai Khokwa Nunghui Rang 48 614-662
15 Iwang Puriklai Iwang Charanba 6 662-693
16 Iwang Puriklai Thangga Ephen Lanthaba 41 693-739
17 Iwang Puriklai Sangthong Khuba 45 739-784
18 Iwang Puriklai Chingkhu Ura Telheiba 41 784-825
19 Iwang Puriklai Mashemba 42 825-867
20 Iwang Puriklai Koirenba 50 867-917
21 Iwang Puriklai Kaba Purang 65 917-982
22 Iwang Puriklai Ethai Kairemba 41 982-1023
23 Iwang Puriklai Sangton Leinaota 31 1023-1054
24 Iwang Puriklai Atellakki Loicha Ngamba 29 1054-1083
25 Iwang Puriklai Chingkhu Telheiba 55 1083-1138
26 Iwang Puriklai Laijing Punshiba 72 1138-1210
27 Iwang Puriklai Khongjomba 53 1210-1263
28 Iwang Puriklai Yoiremba 49 1263-1312
29 Iwang Puriklai Punshi Khurenchanba 69 1312-1381
30 Iwang Puriklai Sana Hongba 51 1381-1432

CULTURE

Versions of gods
Greek Version Roman Version Etruscan Version Norse Version Meitei Version
Adonis   Atunis  
Amphitrite Salacia Ereima, Thumleima and Ngaleima
Aphrodite Venus Turan Freyja Panthoibi
Apollo Apollo Aplu Baldur Korouhanba
Ares Mars Laran Tyr Marjing
Artemis Diana Artume Skadi Thaa Leima
Athena Minerva Menrva Frigg, Freya Panthoibi
Chloris Flora      
Demeter Ceres   Sif Phouoibi
Dionysus Bacchus Fufluns   Phou Ningthou
Eos Aurora Thesan  
Hades Pluto Aita Hel Thongalel
Harmonia      
Hebe Juventas Idunn
Hecate Trivia Lainaotabi
Hephaestus Vulcan Sethlans Thor Pishatao and Khamlangba
Hera Juno Uni Frigga Leimarel Sidabi and Tampha Lairembi
Hermes Mercury Turms Hermod Sanamahi
Hestia Vesta Emoinu and Yumjao Leima
Hypnos Somnus Khuman Apokpa
Iris Arcus Nongdol Leima
Nemesis Nemesis
Nike Victoria     Nongpok Leima
Poseidon Neptune Nethuns Njörd Wangbren and Irai Ningthou
Persephone Proserpina Ēostre Laikhurembi
Selene Luna Lusna   Thaleima
Tyche Fortuna Lan Leima
Zeus Jupiter Tinia Odin Salailen

HISTORY

A

Name of the rulers Period (in Christian year) Period (in Maliyapham year)
Taang-jaa Lee-La Pakhangpa 1445 BC-1405 BC -
Ningthou Kangba 1405 BC-1359 BC 00 MF- 39 MF
Maliyapham Palcha 1359BC-1329 BC 39 MF- 69 MF
Ningthou Kaksuba 1329 BC- 1297 BC 69 MF- 101 MF
Ningthou Tonkonba 1297 BC- 1276 BC 101 MF- 122 MF
Ningthou Pottingkoi 1276 BC- 1251 BC 122MF -147 MF
Ningthou Laanbichaa 1251 BC-1229 BC 147MF- 169 MF
Ningthou Sapaiba 1229BC- 1209 BC 169MF- 189 MF
Ningthou Puthiba 1209BC- 1199 BC 189MF- 199 MF
Name of the rulers Period (in Christian year) Period (in Maliyapham year)
Samlungphaa 44 BC- 34 BC 1354MF- 1364 MF
Poireiton 34 BC- 18 BC 1364 MF- 1380 MF
Singtabung 18 BC- 8 BC 1380 MF- 1390 MF
Paangminnaba 8 BC- 1 BC 1390 MF- 1397 MF
Luwang Khunthiba 1 BC- 5 AD 1397 MF- 1403 MF
Luwang Punshiba 5 AD- 33 AD 1403MF- 1431 MF

B

Names of Kings Latin Roman transliterations Reign in Common Era Reign in Maliyapham Era
ꯅꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯕ Nongda Lairen Pakhangba 33-154 1431-1551
ꯈꯨꯌꯣꯢ ꯇꯣꯝꯄꯣꯛ Khuyoi Tompok 154-264 1551-1661
ꯇꯥꯎꯊꯤꯡꯃꯥꯡ Taothingmang 264-364 1661-1761
ꯈꯨꯢ ꯅꯤꯉꯣꯝꯕ Khui Ningomba 364-379 1761-1776
ꯄꯦꯡꯁꯤꯕ Pengsiba 379-394 1776-1791
ꯀꯥꯎꯈꯪꯕ Kaokhangba 394-411 1791-1808
ꯅꯥꯎꯈꯝꯕ Naokhamba 411-428 1808-1825
ꯅꯥꯎꯐꯪꯕ Naophangba 428-518 1825-1915
ꯁꯥꯃꯩꯔꯥꯡ Sameirang 518-568 1915-1965
ꯎꯔꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯊꯧꯕ Ura Konthouba 568-658 1965-2055
ꯅꯥꯎꯊꯤꯡꯈꯣꯡ Naothingkhong *663-763 *2060-2160
ꯈꯣꯡꯇꯦꯛꯆꯥ Khongtekcha 763-773 2160-2170
ꯀꯩꯔꯦꯟꯆꯥ Keirencha *784-799 *2181-2196
ꯌꯥꯔꯕ Yaaraba 799-821 2196-2218
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯌꯥꯡꯕ Ayangba 821-910 2218-2307
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯦꯡ Ningthou Cheng 910-949 2307-2346
ꯆꯦꯡꯂꯩ ꯏꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯥꯡꯕ Chenglei Ipaan Laangba 949-969 2346-2366
ꯌꯥꯡꯂꯧ ꯀꯩꯐꯥꯕ Yanglou Keiphaba 969-984 2366-2381
ꯀꯥꯢꯅꯧ ꯏꯔꯦꯡꯕ Kainou Irengba 984-1074 2381-2471
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯣꯌꯨꯝꯕ Loyumba 1074-1112 2471-2519
ꯂꯣꯢꯇꯣꯡꯕ Loitongba 1112-1150 2519-2547
ꯑꯇꯣꯝ ꯌꯣꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕ Atom Yoiremba 1150-1163 2547-2560
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯍꯦꯝꯇꯧ ꯏꯋꯥꯟ ꯊꯥꯕ Hemtou Iwaan Thaaba (Iyanthaba) 1163-1195 2560-2592
ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯊꯥꯕ Thawanthaba 1195-1231 2592-2628
ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯥꯕ Chingthang Lanthaba 1231-1242 2628-2639
ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥꯢ ꯁꯦꯜꯍꯣꯡꯕ Thingbai Selhongba 1242-1247 2639-2644
ꯄꯨꯔꯥꯟꯊꯥꯕ Puranthaba 1247-1263 2644-2660
ꯈꯨꯃꯣꯝꯕ Khumomba 1263-1278 2660-2675
ꯃꯣꯔꯥꯝꯕ Moiramba (Moraamba) 1278-1302 2675-2699
ꯊꯥꯡꯕꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯥꯕ Thangbi Lanthaba 1302-1324 2699-2721
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯀꯣꯡꯌꯥꯝꯕ Ningthou Kongyamba 1324-1335 2721-2732
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯇꯦꯜꯍꯩꯕ Ningthou Telheiba 1335-1355 2732-2752
ꯇꯣꯅꯥꯕ Tonaba 1355-1359 2752-2757
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯇꯕꯨꯡꯕ Tabungba 1359-1394 2757-2792
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟꯕ Ningthou Lairenba 1394-1399 2792-2797
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯦꯡꯁꯤꯕ Pengshiba 1399-1432 2797-2830
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯈꯣꯝꯕ Ningthou Khomba 1432-1467 2830-2865
ꯁꯦꯟꯕꯤ ꯀꯤꯌꯥꯝꯕ Senbi Kiyamba 1467-1508 2865-2905
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯀꯣꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕ Koiremba 1508-1512 2905-2909
ꯆꯤꯡꯈꯣꯡ ꯂꯝꯉꯥꯢ ꯉꯝꯕ Chingkhong Lamgai Ngamba (Lamkhyamba) 1512-1523 2909-2920
ꯅꯣꯉꯤꯟꯐꯥꯕ Nonginphaba 1523-1524 2920-2921
ꯁꯦꯟꯕꯤ ꯈꯣꯝꯕ Senbi Khomba (Kabomba) 1524-1542 2921-2939
ꯇꯥꯡꯖꯥꯝꯕ Tangjamba 1542-1545 2939-2942
ꯆꯂꯥꯝꯕ Chalamba 1545-1562 2942-2959
ꯃꯨꯡꯌꯥꯝꯕ Mungyamba 1562-1597 2959-2994
ꯈꯥꯒꯦꯝꯕ Khagemba 1597-1652 2994-3049
ꯈꯨꯟꯖꯥꯎꯕ Khunjaoba 1652-1666 3049-3063
ꯄꯥꯢꯈꯣꯝꯕ Paikhomba 1666-1697 3063-3094
ꯆꯔꯥꯢꯔꯣꯡꯕ Charairongba 1697-1709 3094-3106
Hindu rule starts
Names of Kings Latin Roman transliterations Reign in Common Era Reign in Maliyapham Era
ꯄꯥꯝꯍꯩꯕ (ꯒꯔꯤꯕ ꯅꯤꯋꯥꯖ) Pamheiba (Garib Niwaj) 1709-1748 3106-3145
ꯆꯤꯠ ꯁꯥꯢ Chit Sai 1748-1752 3145-3149
ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯥꯢ Bharat Sai 1752-1753 3149-3150
ꯃꯔꯥꯝꯕ Maramba 1753-1759 3150-3156
ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯪꯈꯣꯝꯕ Ching-Thang Khomba (Bhagyachandra Karta) 1759-1762 3156-3159
ꯃꯔꯥꯝꯕ Maramba (once more) 1762-1763 3159-3161
ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯪꯈꯣꯝꯕ Ching-Thang Khomba (once more) 1763-1798 3161-3196
ꯂꯕꯅ꯭ꯌꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ Labanyachandra 1798-1801 3196-3199
ꯃꯙꯨꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ Madhuchandra 1801-1803 3199-3202
ꯆꯧꯔꯖꯤꯠ Chourjit 1803-1813 3202-3212
ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯠ Marjit 1813-1819 3212-3218
ꯍꯦꯔꯥꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ (ꯇꯥꯀꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ) Taku Ningthou (Herachandra) 1819

No Sovereignty period

ꯌꯨꯝꯖꯥꯎꯇꯥꯕ Yumjaotaba 1820
ꯒꯝꯚꯤꯔ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ Gambhir Singh 1821
ꯖꯣꯢ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ Jai Singh (Joy Singh) 1822
ꯖꯥꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ (ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯤꯡꯂꯦꯟꯈꯣꯝꯕ) Jadu Singh (Ningthou Chinslenkhomba) 1823
ꯔꯥꯘꯚ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ Raghav Singh 1823-1824
ꯚꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ (ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯂꯝꯉꯥꯢ ꯉꯝꯕ) Bhadra Singh (Nongchup Lamgaingamba) 1824
ꯒꯝꯚꯤꯔ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ (ꯆꯤꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯅꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯈꯣꯝꯕ) Gambhir Singh (Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba) (once more) 1825-1834 3224-3232
ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯀꯤꯔꯇꯤ (ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯦꯝꯄꯤꯁꯛ) Chandrakirti (Ningthempishak) 1834-1844 3232-3242
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯍ Ningthou Narasingh 1844-1850 3242-3248
ꯗꯦꯕꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ Devendra Singh 1850 3248 (3 months)
ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯀꯤꯔꯇꯤ Chandrakirti (once more) 1850-1886 3248-3284
ꯁꯨꯔꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ Surachandra 1886-1890 3284-3288
ꯀꯨꯂꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ Kulachandra 1890-1891 3288-3289
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯨꯔꯆꯥꯟꯗ ꯁꯤꯡꯍ Sir Churachand Singh 1891-1941 3289-3339
ꯕꯣꯙꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ Bodhchandra 1941-1955 3339-3353

C

Capital cities Latin transliteration Respective kingdoms Latin transliteration Ruling dynasties Latin transliteration
ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ ꯀꯪꯂꯥ Imphal Kangla ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ Imphal ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯖꯥ (ꯃꯉꯥꯡ) Ningthouja (Mangang)
ꯂꯨꯋꯥꯡꯁꯪꯕꯝ ꯀꯪꯂꯥ Luwangsangbam Kangla ꯂꯨꯋꯥꯡꯁꯪꯕꯝ Luwangsangbam ꯂꯨꯋꯥꯡ Luwang
ꯅꯣꯡꯌꯥꯢ ꯂꯩꯀꯣꯢꯄꯨꯡ Nongyai Leikoipung ꯃꯌꯥꯡ ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ Mayang Imphal ꯈꯨꯃꯟ Khuman
ꯀꯣꯡꯕ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯀꯪꯂꯥ Kongba Maru Kangla ꯀꯣꯡꯕ ꯃꯔꯨ Kongba Maru ꯑꯉꯣꯝ Angom
ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯪꯂꯥ Moirang Kangla ꯀꯦꯀꯦ ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ Keke Moirang ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯁꯂꯥꯢ Moirang Salai
ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯈꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯨꯛ ꯁꯧꯄꯤ ꯀꯪꯂꯥ Taknakha Puruk Soupi Kangla ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯈꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯨꯛ ꯁꯧꯄꯤ Taknakha Puruk Soupi ꯈꯥ ꯉꯥꯟꯄ Kha Nganpa
ꯂꯩꯁꯪꯈꯣꯡ ꯀꯪꯂꯥ Leishangkhong Kangla ꯂꯩꯁꯪꯈꯣꯡ Leishangkhong ꯁꯂꯥꯢ ꯂꯩꯁꯥꯡꯊꯦꯝ Salai Leishangthem

Religion

Sun God

Names of the Sun God in Meitei religion

Classical Meitei Transliteration Translation
ꯀꯣꯂꯧ (ꯀꯣꯔꯧ) Kolou (Korou) "The Sun"
ꯀꯣꯂꯧꯍꯟꯄ (ꯀꯣꯔꯧꯍꯟꯕ) Kolouhanpa (Korouhanba) "Master of the Sky"[536]
ꯁꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯃꯇꯣꯟ (ꯁꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯃꯗꯣꯟ) Sana Khommaton (Sana Khommadon)[537] "Golden sphere" or "Golden ball"
ꯁꯦꯟꯀꯣꯢꯂꯦꯡ/ꯁꯦꯟꯀꯣꯏꯂꯦꯡ (ꯁꯦꯟꯒꯣꯢꯔꯦꯡ/ꯁꯦꯟꯒꯣꯏꯔꯦꯡ) Senkoileng/Shenkoileng (Sengoireng/Shengoireng) "The planet" or "Circle of light"[538]
ꯁꯣꯡꯄꯨ ꯆꯤꯂꯥꯢ ꯇꯥꯡꯄ (ꯁꯣꯡꯕꯨ ꯆꯤꯔꯥꯢ ꯇꯥꯡꯕ) Songpu Chilai Tangpa (Songbu Chirai Tangba) "Bald headed physician"[539]
ꯂꯥꯡꯆꯈꯩ (ꯂꯥꯡꯖꯈꯩ) Langchakhei (Langjakhei)[540]
ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯈꯩ Malemkhei[541]
ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ Numit "The Sun" or "Eye of the Sky"[542][543]
ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥꯄ ꯃꯩ (ꯅꯣꯡꯁꯥꯕ ꯃꯩ) Nongsapa Mei (Nongsaba Mei)[544] "Celestial fire" or "Heavenly fire"
ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯋꯥꯢꯂꯪꯆꯥ (ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯋꯥꯢꯔꯪꯆꯥ) Nongpok Wailangcha (Nongpok Wairangcha)[545]
ꯆꯥꯂꯪꯁꯣꯟ (ꯆꯥꯔꯪꯁꯣꯟ) Chalangson (Charangson)[546]
ꯇꯥꯎꯂꯣꯢꯅꯥꯢ/ꯇꯥꯎꯂꯣꯏꯅꯥꯏ (ꯇꯥꯎꯔꯣꯢꯅꯥꯢ/ꯇꯥꯎꯔꯣꯏꯅꯥꯏ) Taoloinai/Tauloinai (Taoroinai/Tauroinai)[547] "The floating one"
ꯇꯥꯎꯇꯟꯄ (ꯇꯥꯎꯗꯟꯕ) Taotanpa (Taodanba)[548] "Slowly floating object"
ꯇꯥꯎꯍꯨꯏꯂꯦꯡ (ꯇꯥꯎꯍꯨꯢꯂꯦꯡ, ꯇꯥꯎꯍꯨꯏꯔꯦꯡ, ꯇꯥꯎꯍꯨꯢꯔꯦꯡ) Taohuileng (Taohuireng)[549]
ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯄ (ꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕ) Khaki Nahaa Saphapa (Khagi Nahaa Saphaba)[550] "Northern Muscular Man"
ꯈꯣꯢꯄꯨꯡꯁꯦꯟ/ꯈꯣꯏꯄꯨꯡꯁꯦꯟ (ꯈꯣꯢꯕꯨꯡꯁꯦꯟ/ꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨꯡꯁꯦꯟ) Khoipungsen (Khoibungsen)[551]
ꯉꯥꯟꯇꯨꯂꯦꯡ (ꯉꯥꯟꯇꯨꯔꯦꯡ) Ngantuleng (Ngantureng) "The Brightness Emitter" or "The Remover of Darkness"[552]
ꯊꯄꯤꯂꯣꯡ (ꯊꯕꯤꯂꯣꯡ) Thapilong (Thabilong)[553] "Extraterrestrial planet" or "Extraterrestrial heavenly body"
ꯌꯣꯢꯃꯌꯥꯢ (ꯌꯣꯏꯃꯌꯥꯏ) Yoimayai[554] "Sun God about to set"[555]
ꯑꯄꯥꯟꯄ (ꯑꯄꯥꯟꯕ) Apanpa (Apanba)[556] "The Ruler"
ꯑꯉꯥꯟꯄ (ꯑꯉꯥꯟꯕ) Anganpa (Anganba) "The Bright"[557]

Supreme God

Names of the Supreme God in Meitei religion

Classical Meitei Transliteration (including different spellings) English Translations
ꯀꯨꯂꯨ (ꯀꯨꯔꯨ) Kulu (Kuru) "The Round Hemisphere"[558] or "The Endless Sky" or "The Eternal one"[559]
ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯂꯦꯟ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟ (ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯂꯦꯜ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯜ, ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯟ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯟ, ꯁꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯜ/ꯁꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯜ) Salailen (Salailel, Salairen or Salairel) "The Supreme Breeder"[560]
ꯁꯤꯇꯄ ꯃꯄꯨ (ꯁꯤꯗꯕ ꯃꯄꯨ) Sitapa Mapu (Sidaba Mapu) "Immortal Master" or "Eternal God" or "Immortal God"[561][562][563]
ꯁꯣꯔꯥꯔꯦꯟ/ꯁꯣꯔꯥꯔꯦꯜ Soraren/Sorarel "King of the Gods"[564]
ꯂꯥꯢ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ (ꯂꯥꯏ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ) Lai Ningthou "King of the Gods"
ꯂꯥꯢ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯄ/ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ Lai Awangpa/Lai Awangba "High God"
ꯅꯣꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ Nong Ningthou "King of the Sky" or "King of the Rains"
ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ Chingu Ningthou/Chi-ngoo Ningthou "King of the Gods"
ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯟꯆꯨꯝꯄ (ꯆꯤꯉꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯟꯖꯨꯝꯕ) Chingu Ningthou/Chi-ngoo Ningthou Paanchumpa (Paanjumba) "Divine King with flawless aim"
ꯇꯥꯏꯄꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ/ꯇꯥꯢꯄꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ (ꯇꯥꯏꯕꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ/ꯇꯥꯢꯕꯪ ꯃꯄꯨ) Taipang Mapu (Taibang Mapu) "Master of the Universe"[565]
ꯇꯦꯡꯄꯥꯟꯄ ꯃꯄꯨ (ꯇꯦꯡꯕꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯄꯨ) Tengpanpa Mapu (Tengbanba Mapu) "Master of the Universe"
ꯈꯥꯛꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ Khaakpa Ningthou/Khakpa Ningthou "King of Thunder and Lightning"
ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ Khoyum Ningthou "King of the Gods"
ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯂꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯂꯦꯜ (ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯂꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯂꯦꯟ, ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯔꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯔꯦꯜ, ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤꯔꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤꯔꯦꯟ) Yaipilel (Yaipilen, Yaipirel, Yaipiren) "The Supreme Soul"[566]
ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯂꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯂꯦꯜ (ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯂꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯂꯦꯟ, ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯔꯦꯜ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯔꯦꯜ, ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤꯔꯦꯟ/ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤꯔꯦꯟ) Yaibilel (Yaibilen, Yaibirel, Yaibiren) "The Supreme Soul"[567]
ꯏꯄꯨꯂꯣꯢ/ꯏꯄꯨꯂꯣꯏ (ꯏꯄꯨꯔꯣꯢ/ꯏꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏ) Eepuloi (Eepuroi) "Supreme Grandfather"
ꯑꯆꯤꯄ/ꯑꯆꯤꯕ Achipa/Achiba
ꯑꯇꯤꯛꯉꯥ Atik-ngaa
ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯀꯣꯛ Atingkok "The Void" or "An empty space"[568]
ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥ Atiya "The Sky"[569][570]
ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯄ/ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ Awangpa/Awangba "High"
ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯄꯥꯈꯪ ꯌꯣꯏꯂꯦꯜꯄ (ꯌꯣꯏꯔꯦꯜꯄ) Awang Pakhang Yoilelpa (Yoirelpa) "Eastern Handsome Man" or "Highland Handsome Man"

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Meitei Manipuri Mythology & Folklore

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References

  1. ↑ Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.
  2. ↑ Behera, Maguni Charan (2021-09-11). Tribe-British Relations in India: Revisiting Text, Perspective and Approach. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-981-16-3424-6.
  3. ↑ Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.
  4. ↑ Behera, Maguni Charan (2021-09-11). Tribe-British Relations in India: Revisiting Text, Perspective and Approach. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-981-16-3424-6.
  5. ↑ Singh, Dr Rajkumar Suresh. ATTITUDES OF POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS TOWARDS LIFELONG LEARNING. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-365-47887-1.
  6. ↑ Lisam, Khomdan Singh (2011). Encyclopaedia Of Manipur (3 Vol.). Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-864-2.
  7. ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
  8. ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
  9. ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
  10. ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
  11. ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
  12. ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
  13. ↑ Birajit, Soibam (2014-12-01). Meeyamgi Kholao: Sprout of Consciousness. ARECOM ( Advanced Research Consortium, Manipur).
  14. ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
  15. ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
  16. ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
  17. ↑ Birajit, Soibam (2014-12-01). Meeyamgi Kholao: Sprout of Consciousness. ARECOM ( Advanced Research Consortium, Manipur).
  18. ↑ Birajit, Soibam (2014-12-01). Meeyamgi Kholao: Sprout of Consciousness. ARECOM ( Advanced Research Consortium, Manipur).
  19. ↑ Devi, Nunglekpam Premi (2018-04-14). A Glimpse of Manipuri Literary Works. FSP Media Publications.
  20. ↑ Sanajaoba, Naorem (1988). Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-853-2.
  21. ↑ Sinha (Brigadier.), S. P. (2007). Lost Opportunities: 50 Years of Insurgency in the North-east and India's Response. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 978-81-7062-162-1.
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  23. ↑ Sinha (Brigadier.), S. P. (2007). Lost Opportunities: 50 Years of Insurgency in the North-east and India's Response. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 978-81-7062-162-1.
  24. ↑ Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2014-06-02). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. Quills Ink Publishing. ISBN 978-93-84318-00-0.
  25. ↑ Sharma, Suresh K. (2006). Documents on North-East India: Nagaland. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-8324-095-6.
  26. ↑ Johnstone, James (1896). My experiences in Manipur and the Naga hills. University of California. London, S. Low, Marston and company, limited.
  27. ↑ Hodson, T. C. (Thomas Callan) (1908). The Meitheis. Duke University Libraries. London, D. Nutt.
  28. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QApuAAAAMAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Nachou+coins
  29. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Semkhai+sen+coins+bronze+currency
  30. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA142&dq=meitei+coins&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU1Nrrg4vyAhVczjgGHb6dBrI4RhDoATABegQIBRAD#v=onepage&q=Urakonthauba%20Ayangba%20coins%20mutua%20museum%20&f=false
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  32. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ws4BAAAAMAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Oldest+coins+Pakhangba
  33. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=COCBAAAAMAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=meitei+coins+kyamba
  34. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA336&dq=meitei+coins&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiN1dvhgIvyAhV47HMBHfRODMo4HhDoATAAegQIBxAD#v=snippet&q=Khagemba's%20coins%20cheitharol%20Kumbaba&f=false
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  69. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Lanmei_Thanbi_Re_imagining_the_Light_Spirit_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
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  71. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Doll_groom_Laifadibigi_Bor_By_Nganthoi_Lourembam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
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  73. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Seven_Poor_Sons_Laira_Macha_Taret&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  74. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Python_Promise&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  75. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Widow_Son_Lukhrabi_Macha_By_Bidyarani_Thingujam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
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  79. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Interpreting_the_Princess_and_the_Frog_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  80. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Rani_Hingchabi_The_Demon_Queen_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
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  83. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Three_headed_men_Makok_ahum_By_Manganleibi_Loktongbam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
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  87. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Human_Turning_into_a_Parrot_Mee_na_Tenawa_Onba&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
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  89. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Jadugi_Chei_The_Magic_Stick_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  90. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Magical_Stool_Mitrangi_Fal_By_Nganthoi_Lourembam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  91. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Mee_gi_hourakpham_the_origin_of_human_By_Nganthoi_Lourembam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  92. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Pay_Nareckpi_King_Umbrella_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  93. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Pebet_and_the_Tiger&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  94. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_egotistical_elephant_and_praying_pebet&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  95. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Pebet_Avenge_to_the_Wild_Elephant&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  96. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Proud_Bamboo_Tree_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  97. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Proud_Buffalo&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  98. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Two_Princes_A_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  99. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Stories_of_Suns_Shadows_from_the_Past_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  100. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_sun_and_cock_Numit_amadi_Yenba_By_Nganthoi_Lourembam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  101. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Blessings_from_Spirit_Bhoot_Ki_Thoujal_By_Bidyarani_Thingujam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  102. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Tapta_By_Akham_Gautam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  103. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Seven_Breads_Tan_Taret&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  104. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Human_Python_Taibang_Meena_Lairen_onba&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  105. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Tembalaithak_By_Nganthoi_Lourembam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  106. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Revenge_on_the_Cat_Tokpa_Laandaba_By_Bidyarani_Thingujam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  107. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Clever_Hare_Theba_Lousingba_By_Bidyarani_Thingujam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  108. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Thaunaphaba_Marup_The_Brave_Friend_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  109. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Old_Couple_Plants_Taro_Hanuba_hanubi_paan_thaba_By_Akham_Gautam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  110. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=A_Human_turning_into_Harinongnang_Taibang_Meena_Harinongnang_Onba&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  111. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_mean_Haodigam_Chanu_Haodigam_Chanu_Phattabi_By_Nganthoi_Lourembam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  112. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Hiyangthau_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  113. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Henjunaha_Part_1_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  114. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Henjunaha_Part_2_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  115. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Henjunaha_Part_3_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  116. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_cat_and_the_bat_Houdong_Sekpi_marup_ani&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  117. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Mystic_Cat_and_Pebet_Houdong_Lamboiba_and_Pebet_By_Bidyarani_Thingujam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  118. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Haudonggi_Lamchat_Cat_Nature_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  119. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Carpenter_and_Chaoren_U_suba_amadi_Chaoren_By_Nganthoi_Lourembam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  120. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=A_wooden_sculpted_face_Una_saba_saktam_By_Nganthoi_Lourembam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  121. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Human_turning_into_Uchek_Langmei_Meena_Uchek_Langmei_Onba&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  122. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Abok_Friendly_Lamp_Eta_Thangmei_thaomei&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  123. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Ita_Thaomei&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  124. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Apangba_Manao_Foolish_Younger_Brother_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  125. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_Foolish_Man_Fortune_Apangbagi_Laibak&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  126. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=The_fruit_for_telling_the_truth_Achumba_ngangbagi_fal&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  127. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp?src=Angangdagi_Mairen_Onba_Child_Who_Turned_into_a_Pumpkin_Folktale_By_James_Oinam&ch=manipur&sub1=Folks&sub2=Folk_Tales
  128. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kqJVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT54&dq=haosi+namoinu+only+daughter&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjW8P3vwdbyAhWhwjgGHR-gBakQ6AF6BAgDEAM#v=onepage&q=haosi%20namoinu%20only%20daughter&f=false
  129. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kqJVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT55&lpg=PT55&dq=haosi+namoinu&source=bl&ots=li6Q5pl8iC&sig=ACfU3U2s2Pi4z6ZQdvo5oK_tA-oIwTEQaQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnnMK_uNbyAhX0wTgGHQaOB00Q6AF6BAgmEAI#v=onepage&q=haosi%20namoinu%20only%20daughter%20pokmabi%20loushigam%20chanu%20senbi%20loikenba&f=false
  130. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kqJVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT55&lpg=PT55&dq=haosi+namoinu&source=bl&ots=li6Q5pl8iC&sig=ACfU3U2s2Pi4z6ZQdvo5oK_tA-oIwTEQaQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnnMK_uNbyAhX0wTgGHQaOB00Q6AF6BAgmEAI#v=snippet&q=haosi%20namoinu%20ill-treated%20step-mother&f=false
  131. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kqJVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT55&lpg=PT55&dq=haosi+namoinu&source=bl&ots=li6Q5pl8iC&sig=ACfU3U2s2Pi4z6ZQdvo5oK_tA-oIwTEQaQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnnMK_uNbyAhX0wTgGHQaOB00Q6AF6BAgmEAI#v=onepage&q=haosi%20namoinu%20cicada&f=false
  132. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&q=hari+nongnang&dq=hari+nongnang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVjLiaw9byAhWJ4zgGHbHHA2MQ6AF6BAgKEAM
  133. ↑ Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999-04-15). Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7.
  134. ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
  135. ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
  136. ↑ Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999-04-15). Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7.
  137. ↑ Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999-04-15). Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7.
  138. ↑ Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999-04-15). Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7.
  139. ↑ "Sandrembi and Chaisra". e-pao.net. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  140. ↑ "Sandrembi and Chaisra". e-pao.net. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  141. ↑ "Sandrembi and Chaisra". e-pao.net. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  142. ↑ "Sandrembi and Chaisra". e-pao.net. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  143. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Manipur+gold%2C+silver%2C+bronze+copper+coin&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=gold%2C+silver%2C+bronze+copper+coin
  144. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=XScmdGvMf7IC&pg=PA100&dq=Manipuri+numismatics&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiho8CntIvyAhV6gtgFHQoSDpIQ6AEwBHoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=Manipuri%20numismatics%20Garibaniwaja%20nagari%20script&f=false
  145. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=E4vT9cxJAN0C&pg=PA49&dq=meitei+coins&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpvqmRg4vyAhV2zzgGHRo5Afw4PBDoATAAegQIARAD#v=snippet&q=coins%20seventeenth%20nineteenth%20Sanskrit%20&f=false
  146. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QApuAAAAMAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Nachou+coins
  147. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Semkhai+sen+coins+bronze+currency
  148. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&pg=PA701&dq=ura+konthouba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQrbbGv4jyAhXaxDgGHQRpBu0Q6AEwAnoECAgQAw#v=snippet&q=ura%20konthouba%20568%20issued%20coins&f=false
  149. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA142&dq=meitei+coins&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU1Nrrg4vyAhVczjgGHb6dBrI4RhDoATABegQIBRAD#v=onepage&q=Urakonthauba%20Ayangba%20coins%20mutua%20museum%20&f=false
  150. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3CvjAAAAMAAJ&dq=wura+konthouba+coin&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=wura+konthouba+coin+earliest
  151. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ws4BAAAAMAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Oldest+coins+Pakhangba
  152. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fNM1jbGkfJAC&pg=PT4&dq=meitei+coins&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiN1dvhgIvyAhV47HMBHfRODMo4HhDoATAGegQIBhAD#v=onepage&q=meitei%20script%20bronze%20coins%20568%20658&f=false
  153. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=COCBAAAAMAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=meitei+coins+kyamba
  154. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA336&dq=meitei+coins&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiN1dvhgIvyAhV47HMBHfRODMo4HhDoATAAegQIBxAD#v=snippet&q=Khagemba's%20coins%20cheitharol%20Kumbaba&f=false
  155. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=aFluAAAAMAAJ&q=Manipuri+numismatics&dq=Manipuri+numismatics&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh2oqbt4vyAhXRmeYKHQ9pANI4ChDoATAAegQIBBAD
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  157. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=hNALAAAAIAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=copper+coins
  158. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=XScmdGvMf7IC&pg=PA100&dq=Manipuri+numismatics&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiho8CntIvyAhV6gtgFHQoSDpIQ6AEwBHoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=Manipuri%20numismatics%20Garibaniwaja%20nagari%20script&f=false
  159. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=E4vT9cxJAN0C&pg=PA49&dq=meitei+coins&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpvqmRg4vyAhV2zzgGHRo5Afw4PBDoATAAegQIARAD#v=snippet&q=coins%20seventeenth%20nineteenth%20Sanskrit%20&f=false
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  162. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CDluAAAAMAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Manipur+Low+denomination+coins+market+trading
  163. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=WEQqAAAAYAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Senjam+Aheiba+coins
  164. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=aFluAAAAMAAJ&dq=wura+konthouba+coin&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=wura+konthouba+coin+%27Wa%27
  165. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ZlgaAAAAYAAJ&dq=wura+konthouba+coin&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=wura+konthouba+coin+legend+wa
  166. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&pg=PA701&dq=ura+konthouba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQrbbGv4jyAhXaxDgGHQRpBu0Q6AEwAnoECAgQAw#v=snippet&q=ura%20konthouba%20568%20issued%20coins&f=false
  167. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA142&dq=meitei+coins&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU1Nrrg4vyAhVczjgGHb6dBrI4RhDoATABegQIBRAD#v=onepage&q=Urakonthauba%20Ayangba%20coins%20mutua%20museum%20&f=false
  168. ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#sanamahi
  169. ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#leimaren
  170. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xRbkAAAAMAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=konyai+gold+silver+coins
  171. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=l8xiAAAAMAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=coins
  172. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xNQ5AAAAIAAJ&dq=meitei+coins&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=coins+maibas+maibis
  173. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&dq=kaireima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwij2Jyyq4jyAhVg4zgGHZNcCWUQ6AEwAHoECAkQAw#v=snippet&q=kaireima%20Naophangba%20wives&f=false
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  179. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lntJ3-eOToIC&dq=kaireima&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=kaireima+born+Sameirang
  180. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA83&dq=naothingkhong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjow7rkqY_yAhVtILcAHQdKCkwQ6AEwAnoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=naothingkhong%20hongnem%20yoi%20khunjao&f=false
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  195. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=luwang+punshiba&dq=luwang+punshiba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDiLyP_JzxAhXjxzgGHd4FDx4Q6AEwBXoECAwQAw
  196. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA333&dq=naothingkhong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjombfXrI_yAhUM6XMBHTA9C9Q4MhDoATAAegQIBhAD#v=snippet&q=naothingkhong%20naothinkhong%20phambal%20kaba%20ningthouja%20prince&f=false
  197. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FhUHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA183&dq=naothingkhong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjow7rkqY_yAhVtILcAHQdKCkwQ6AEwBXoECAgQAw#v=snippet&q=naothingkhong%20&f=false
  198. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9sljAAAAMAAJ&q=naothingkhong&dq=naothingkhong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9gcyCq4_yAhVhILcAHSVjC9A4FBDoATAEegQICRAD
  199. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pUNNAQAAIAAJ&q=naothingkhong&dq=naothingkhong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9gcyCq4_yAhVhILcAHSVjC9A4FBDoATAHegQIBhAD
  200. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=naothingkhong&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=naothingkhong+konkhuchaa+atengba
  201. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6pf_muabVNIC&dq=naothingkhong&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=naothingkhong+mangang+loijing+hills
  202. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5_Sd30LF2fUC&q=naothingkhong&dq=naothingkhong&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7r6y6qo_yAhUq7XMBHRWtA9Y4ChDoATAAegQIAhAD
  203. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vDduAAAAMAAJ&dq=naothingkhong&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=naothingkhong+lourembam
  204. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ZF9uAAAAMAAJ&q=ura+konthouba&dq=ura+konthouba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQrbbGv4jyAhXaxDgGHQRpBu0Q6AEwA3oECAMQAw
  205. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&dq=ura+konthouba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ura+konthouba+father+
  206. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&pg=PA701&dq=ura+konthouba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQrbbGv4jyAhXaxDgGHQRpBu0Q6AEwAnoECAgQAw#v=snippet&q=ura%20konthouba%20568%20issued%20coins&f=false
  207. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PgHgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA81&dq=ura+konthouba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQrbbGv4jyAhXaxDgGHQRpBu0Q6AEwAHoECAkQAw#v=snippet&q=ura%20konthouba%20attack%20Haokap%20hills%20Selloi%20Langmais&f=false
  208. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PgHgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA81&dq=ura+konthouba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQrbbGv4jyAhXaxDgGHQRpBu0Q6AEwAHoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=ura%20konthouba%20naothingkhong%20phambal%20kaba&f=false
  209. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PgHgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA81&dq=ura+konthouba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQrbbGv4jyAhXaxDgGHQRpBu0Q6AEwAHoECAkQAw#v=snippet&q=ura%20konthouba%20%20mother%20surname%20Ura&f=false
  210. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&dq=sameirang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip8vDz7IfyAhX_zDgGHaBVA2UQ6AEwCHoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=sameirang%20kaireima%20Khuman&f=false
  211. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lntJ3-eOToIC&dq=sameirang&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=sameirang+kaireima
  212. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&dq=sameirang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip8vDz7IfyAhX_zDgGHaBVA2UQ6AEwCHoECAQQAw#v=snippet&q=sameirang%20kaireima%20Khuman%20naophangba&f=false
  213. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lntJ3-eOToIC&dq=sameirang&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=sameirang+kaireima
  214. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FsUJ0E3BXkMC&pg=PA97&dq=sameirang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip8vDz7IfyAhX_zDgGHaBVA2UQ6AEwCXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=sameirang%20angom%20principality%20Kwakpa%20Thawanthaba&f=false
  215. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=sameirang&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=sameirang+eunuch+institution
  216. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vDduAAAAMAAJ&dq=sameirang&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=sameirang+yengkhom+keithellakpam+kheirom+thamanglang
  217. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c276DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT124&dq=sameirang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip8vDz7IfyAhX_zDgGHaBVA2UQ6AEwB3oECAoQAw#v=snippet&q=sameirang%20inscriptions%20&f=false
  218. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HLq1AAAAIAAJ&dq=sameirang&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=sameirang+inscriptions+
  219. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GXJOAAAAYAAJ&dq=naophangba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=naophangba+428
  220. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju47Dn_YXyAhXymeYKHQHgAX84ChDoATAFegQIBhAD#v=snippet&q=naophangba%20kaireima%20Khuman%20wives&f=false
  221. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju47Dn_YXyAhXymeYKHQHgAX84ChDoATAFegQIBhAD#v=onepage&q=naophangba%20wives%20Yaoreibi%20Luwang&f=false
  222. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju47Dn_YXyAhXymeYKHQHgAX84ChDoATAFegQIBhAD#v=onepage&q=naophangba%20two%20wives%20Kaireima%20Khuman%20Yaoreibi%20Luwang&f=false
  223. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju47Dn_YXyAhXymeYKHQHgAX84ChDoATAFegQIBhAD#v=snippet&q=naophangba%20kaireima%20sameirang&f=false
  224. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju47Dn_YXyAhXymeYKHQHgAX84ChDoATAFegQIBhAD#v=onepage&q=naophangba%20Yaoreibi%20Thamanglang&f=false
  225. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eybpM1KZjVoC&pg=PA28&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiApuHD54XyAhVQfX0KHUkAB90Q6AEwCHoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=naophangba%20428%20518&f=false
  226. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eybpM1KZjVoC&pg=PA28&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiApuHD54XyAhVQfX0KHUkAB90Q6AEwCHoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=naophangba%20outstanding%20architecture%20ancient%20Manipur&f=false
  227. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eybpM1KZjVoC&pg=PA28&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiApuHD54XyAhVQfX0KHUkAB90Q6AEwCHoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=naophangba%20foundation%20stone%20namthak%20sarongpung%20holiest%20kangla&f=false
  228. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eybpM1KZjVoC&pg=PA28&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiApuHD54XyAhVQfX0KHUkAB90Q6AEwCHoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=naophangba%20coronation%20Hall%20kangla%20hog%20sacrifice&f=false
  229. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA10&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-s-TJ_IXyAhVw8HMBHYCtAYM4ChDoATAEegQIAxAD#v=snippet&q=naophangba%20command%20mangang%20luwang%20khuman%20administration%20justice&f=false
  230. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA15&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj26Pi2gYbyAhX6wjgGHZKkCDM4ChDoATAGegQIAxAD#v=onepage&q=naophangba%20chakparol%20ten%20villages%20separated&f=false
  231. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA14&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidzqK4gobyAhXh63MBHTs1CbU4ChDoATAHegQIAxAD#v=onepage&q=naophangba%20newcomers%20admitted%20yek%20salai%20yumnak&f=false
  232. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CoEtAAAAMAAJ&dq=naophangba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=naophangba+Burma+China+thengkourol
  233. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ&q=naophangba&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiApuHD54XyAhVQfX0KHUkAB90Q6AEwAXoECAcQAw
  234. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&dq=naophangba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=naophangba+emphasis+ethics
  235. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RHmkHBTT_T0C&pg=PA32&dq=naophangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiApuHD54XyAhVQfX0KHUkAB90Q6AEwAHoECAwQAw#v=onepage&q=naophangba&f=false
  236. ↑ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_India
  237. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=naokhamba&dq=naokhamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrh5HriYXyAhWCzjgGHVaHCP0Q6AEwBXoECAsQAw
  238. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA82&dq=naokhamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrh5HriYXyAhWCzjgGHVaHCP0Q6AEwBnoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=naokhamba%20kaokhamba%20son&f=false
  239. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=naokhamba&dq=naokhamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrh5HriYXyAhWCzjgGHVaHCP0Q6AEwBXoECAsQAw
  240. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA82&dq=naokhamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrh5HriYXyAhWCzjgGHVaHCP0Q6AEwBnoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=naokhamba%20kaokhamba%20son&f=false
  241. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PR40&dq=naokhamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrh5HriYXyAhWCzjgGHVaHCP0Q6AEwA3oECAUQAw#v=snippet&q=naokhamba%20traders%20Burma&f=false
  242. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PR40&dq=Naokhamba+Chingjen+Naran+Panggalba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_5ZDmjYXyAhWeyzgGHUDkAPQQ6AEwAHoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=Naokhamba%20Chengleiron&f=false
  243. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lG1DAAAAYAAJ&q=naokhamba&dq=naokhamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrh5HriYXyAhWCzjgGHVaHCP0Q6AEwBHoECAkQAw
  244. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PR40&dq=Naokhamba+Chingjen+Naran+Panggalba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_5ZDmjYXyAhWeyzgGHUDkAPQQ6AEwAHoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=Naokhamba%20Chingjen%20Naran%20Panggalba&f=false
  245. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA82&dq=Taothingmang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiapqabnPvxAhUSzTgGHTxLC98Q6AEwBnoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=Taothingmang&f=false
  246. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wLzDLsEYZGQC&pg=PA22&dq=Taothingmang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjel9m3nfvxAhWCf30KHS7bDvY4ChDoATABegQIARAD#v=onepage&q=Taothingmang&f=false
  247. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5_Sd30LF2fUC&q=Taothingmang&dq=Taothingmang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiapqabnPvxAhUSzTgGHTxLC98Q6AEwAXoECAoQAw
  248. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&pg=PA701&dq=khuyoi+tompok&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi73LntubDxAhWymOYKHWcqBgc4ChDoATAAegQIARAD#v=onepage&q=khuyoi%20tompok%20ascended%20Throne%20154&f=false
  249. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PTZuAAAAMAAJ&q=khuyoi+tompok&dq=khuyoi+tompok&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjova2HubDxAhVc8HMBHZedD5YQ6AEwBHoECAwQAw
  250. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lntJ3-eOToIC&q=khuyoi+tompok&dq=khuyoi+tompok&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi73LntubDxAhWymOYKHWcqBgc4ChDoATAFegQIAhAD
  251. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=qxsy28eStmAC&pg=PA15&dq=khuyoi+tompok&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjova2HubDxAhVc8HMBHZedD5YQ6AEwB3oECAQQAw#v=snippet&q=khuyoi%20tompok%20pung%20154&f=false
  252. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&pg=PA701&dq=khuyoi+tompok&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi73LntubDxAhWymOYKHWcqBgc4ChDoATAAegQIARAD#v=onepage&q=khuyoi%20tompok%20PUNG%20invented&f=false
  253. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nvMgAAAAMAAJ&dq=khuyoi+tompok&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=khuyoi+tompok+drum
  254. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vhU1AAAAIAAJ&dq=khuyoi+tompok&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=khuyoi+tompok++drum
  255. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wLzDLsEYZGQC&pg=PA40&dq=khuyoi+tompok&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjova2HubDxAhVc8HMBHZedD5YQ6AEwCXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=khuyoi%20tompok&f=false
  256. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ZF9uAAAAMAAJ&dq=khuyoi+tompok&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=khuyoi+tompok+perfection+drum
  257. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CoEtAAAAMAAJ&dq=khuyoi+tompok&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=khuyoi+tompok+chinglon+laaihui
  258. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6AkdAQAAMAAJ&dq=khuyoi+tompok&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=khuyoi+tompok+metallurgy+ores
  259. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5_Sd30LF2fUC&q=khuyoi+tompok&dq=khuyoi+tompok&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjova2HubDxAhVc8HMBHZedD5YQ6AEwAnoECAYQAw
  260. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=1445%E2%80%931405+Manipur&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=1445%E2%80%931405+taangja+leelaa+paakhangba
  261. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Taangja+Leela+Paakhangba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Taangja+Leela+Paakhangba+kaangba
  262. ↑ https://themanipurpage.tripod.com/history/meiteikings.html#The%20Chronicle%20of%20the%20Meitei%20Kings%20of%20Manipur:
  263. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S_4dAAAAMAAJ&q=tangja+leela+pakhangba&dq=tangja+leela+pakhangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjsnou96Z7xAhWE5nMBHeShAnIQ6AEwA3oECAkQAw
  264. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16&dq=tangja+leela+pakhangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjsnou96Z7xAhWE5nMBHeShAnIQ6AEwAHoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=tangja%20leela%20pakhangba&f=false
  265. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=MariYa+-+Phambal+-+Cha&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Mari-Ya+-+Phambal+-+Cha
  266. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ&q=king+koi+koi+Manipur&dq=king+koi+koi+Manipur&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJ1eXu1p7xAhUP73MBHSEHDwU4ChDoATACegQIChAD
  267. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PR39&dq=king+koi+koi+Manipur&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj808yV1p7xAhXZ4HMBHcwCCysQ6AEwAXoECAkQAw#v=snippet&q=koikoi%20Ningthou%20kangbalon%20son&f=false
  268. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ&q=king+koi+koi+Manipur&dq=king+koi+koi+Manipur&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJ1eXu1p7xAhUP73MBHSEHDwU4ChDoATACegQIChAD
  269. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_azACQAAQBAJ&pg=PT1639&dq=king+koi+koi+Manipur&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj808yV1p7xAhXZ4HMBHcwCCysQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=king%20koi%20koi%20Manipur&f=false
  270. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=e3X9zkP5jKUC&pg=PA57&dq=luwang+punshiba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDiLyP_JzxAhXjxzgGHd4FDx4Q6AEwB3oECAsQAw#v=snippet&q=luwang%20clan%20punshiba%20king&f=false
  271. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=COCBAAAAMAAJ&dq=luwang+punshiba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=luwang+punshiba+human+king
  272. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=aFluAAAAMAAJ&q=luwang+punshiba&dq=luwang+punshiba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjp7OOA_ZzxAhX5zDgGHRU5D3E4ChDoATABegQICRAD
  273. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=e3X9zkP5jKUC&pg=PA57&dq=luwang+punshiba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDiLyP_JzxAhXjxzgGHd4FDx4Q6AEwB3oECAsQAw#v=onepage&q=luwang%20punshiba%20hijin%20hirao%20hirol%20hiyang%20hiren&f=false
  274. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mjRuAAAAMAAJ&dq=luwang+punshiba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=luwang+punshiba+originator+boat+race
  275. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&dq=luwang+punshiba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=luwang+punshiba+hijan+hirao
  276. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&dq=luwang+punshiba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDiLyP_JzxAhXjxzgGHd4FDx4Q6AEwA3oECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=luwang%20punshiba%20fourth%20Poireiton%20nine%20wives&f=false
  277. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=f1puAAAAMAAJ&dq=luwang+punshiba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=luwang+punshiba+training+art+government
  278. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=hiGcAAAAMAAJ&dq=luwang+punshiba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=luwang+punshiba+art+naothingkhong
  279. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=luwang+punshiba&dq=luwang+punshiba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDiLyP_JzxAhXjxzgGHd4FDx4Q6AEwBXoECAwQAw
  280. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9sljAAAAMAAJ&dq=luwang+punshiba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=luwang+punshiba+gods
  281. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=COCBAAAAMAAJ&dq=luwang+punshiba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=luwang+punshiba+human+king+status+
  282. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&pg=PA701&dq=king+ningthou+kangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBgL_5vZzxAhVUeX0KHb-0BR4Q6AEwBXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=king%20ningthou%20kangba&f=false
  283. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&pg=PA701&dq=king+ningthou+kangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBgL_5vZzxAhVUeX0KHb-0BR4Q6AEwBXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=king%20ningthou%20kangba&f=false
  284. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Nm9DAAAAYAAJ&q=king+ningthou+kangba&dq=king+ningthou+kangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBgL_5vZzxAhVUeX0KHb-0BR4Q6AEwBnoECAkQAw
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  286. ↑ http://www.pothashang.in/2018/02/22/king-kangba-memorial-kangmong-developed-heritage-site-jayantakumar/
  287. ↑ https://www.thehillstimes.in/regional/king-kangbas-memorial-to-be-developed-as-tourism-site/
  288. ↑ https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/king-kangbas-memorial-to-be-developed-as-tourism-site-1175921-2018-02-23
  289. ↑ https://www.india.com/news/agencies/king-kangbas-memorial-to-be-developed-as-tourism-site-2909841/
  290. ↑ https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/king-kangbas-memorial-to-be-developed-as-tourism-site/1259165
  291. ↑ https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/feb/23/manipur-government-to-develop-king-kangbas-memorial-as-tourism-site-1777783.html
  292. ↑ https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/king-kangba-s-memorial-to-be-developed-as-tourism-site-118022300310_1.html
  293. ↑ http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=22..070418.apr18
  294. ↑ https://mastec.nic.in/archaeological-evidences.html
  295. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_2
  296. ↑ https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/28/11-The-geomorphology-of-the-Manipur-valley-profile-shows-gradual-sloping-in-elevation-from-west-to-east-direction-on-one-hand-and-north-to-south-direction-on-the-other-And-there-is-credible-evidenc.html
  297. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_1
  298. ↑ https://mastec.nic.in/archaeological-evidences.html
  299. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_2
  300. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_2
  301. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MiHhNkvrWvwC&pg=PA21&dq=songbu+cave&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjvo4CYrZLxAhWxzDgGHQI1B4QQ6AEwBnoECAsQAw#v=onepage&q=songbu%20Palaeolithic&f=false
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  303. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GP9_AAAAMAAJ&dq=songbu+cave&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=songbu+Palaeolithic
  304. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_2
  305. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8DVuAAAAMAAJ&dq=songbu+cave&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=songbu+Palaeolithic
  306. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DPWGpVvBvx8C&pg=PA25&dq=khangkhui+Paleolithic&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwid5ciKr5LxAhU_zzgGHfBHAWAQ6AEwBXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=khangkhui%20Paleolithic&f=false
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  308. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_3
  309. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DHCGN-Xu7YIC&pg=PA18&dq=nongpok+Keithelmanbi+Paleolithic&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi418mwsJLxAhUUyjgGHbESAKAQ6AEwAnoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=nongpok%20Keithelmanbi%20Palaeolithic&f=false
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  315. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=W8gbAQAAMAAJ&q=singtom+Palaeolithic&dq=singtom+Palaeolithic&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwilzdj4tZLxAhW-qksFHcuWCcAQ6AEwA3oECAwQAw
  316. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=BGaBAAAAMAAJ&q=machi+Palaeolithic+tengnoupal&dq=machi+Palaeolithic+tengnoupal&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7vOa6t5LxAhWwlEsFHWebDiYQ6AEwA3oECAQQAw
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  320. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA393&dq=machi+Palaeolithic+tengnoupal&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7vOa6t5LxAhWwlEsFHWebDiYQ6AEwBHoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=machi%20Palaeolithic%20tengnoupal&f=false
  321. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GP9_AAAAMAAJ&dq=tharon+cave+mesolithic&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=tharon+mesolithic
  322. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_4
  323. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_4
  324. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GP9_AAAAMAAJ&dq=tharon+cave+mesolithic&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=tharon+mesolithic
  325. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_4
  326. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_5
  327. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264901065_Dikshit_KN_and_Manjil_Hazarika_2012_%27The_Neolithic_cultures_of_Northeast_India_and_adjoining_regions_A_comparative_study%27_Journal_of_Indian_Ocean_Archaeology_7_98-148#pf6
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  329. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4FOBAAAAMAAJ&dq=napachik&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Laimanai
  330. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4FOBAAAAMAAJ&dq=napachik&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Phunan
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  334. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Stratigraphy-of-Napachik-excavation-1985-after-Singh-1997-68_fig11_264901065
  335. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Pottery-from-excavation-at-Napachik-Manipur-after-Singh-1993_fig12_264901065
  336. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Tripod-ware-legs-from-Napachik-after-Singh-1997-75_fig14_264901065
  337. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_5
  338. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Corded-Tripod-wares-from-Laimanai-after-Singh-1997-77_fig13_264901065
  339. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_5
  340. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Surface-collection-Corded-ware-from-Phunan-hills-Manipur-after-Singh-1993_fig8_264901065
  341. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/10-Surface-collection-from-Phunan-hills-Manipur-after-Singh-1993_fig9_264901065
  342. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_5
  343. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Pottery-from-excavation-at-Nongpok-Keithelmanbi-Manipur-after-Singh-1993_fig10_264901065
  344. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.Emergence_Of_Manipur_As_A_Nation_State_Pre_historic_Manipur_Part_5
  345. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S4E_AAAAMAAJ&dq=maichou+meitei&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maichou+chief+priest
  346. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S4E_AAAAMAAJ&dq=maichou+meitei&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maichou+chief+priest
  347. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&pg=PA578&dq=maichou+philosopher&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVz8O4sILxAhUlH7cAHfogAtsQ6AEwCHoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=maichow%20philosopher&f=false
  348. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&dq=maichou+meitei&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maichou++philosopher+specialist
  349. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=X8waCmzjiD4C&pg=PA765&dq=maichou+priest+meitei&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiYk46ir4LxAhV163MBHZsvC8kQ6AEwBHoECAwQAw#v=onepage&q=maichou%20priest%20meitei&f=false
  350. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=maichou+scholar&dq=maichou+scholar&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZ2_DwsILxAhVy73MBHUDxBMoQ6AEwA3oECAYQAw
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  352. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=maichou+meitei&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maichou+court+Pandit
  353. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=cTwqEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA124&dq=nupa+maibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi45_iD8IDxAhUlyzgGHeU9BBUQ6AEwAXoECAwQAw#v=onepage&q=nupa%20maibi&f=false
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  355. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=cTwqEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA124&dq=nupa+maibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi45_iD8IDxAhUlyzgGHeU9BBUQ6AEwAXoECAwQAw#v=onepage&q=nupa%20maibi&f=false
  356. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6SzC4XbtPKkC&pg=PT75&dq=maibi+priestess&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje7fe16YDxAhU1xzgGHcbrAnEQ6AEwAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=maibi%20priestess%20meitei%20tradition&f=false
  357. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=I-ELAAAAIAAJ&dq=maibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maibi+priestess
  358. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fCmz4B8I62QC&dq=maibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maibi+Lai+Haraoba
  359. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA75&dq=maibi+priestess&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje7fe16YDxAhU1xzgGHcbrAnEQ6AEwA3oECAwQAw#v=onepage&q=maibi%20priestess&f=false
  360. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=hYrYfD_xZsoC&dq=maibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maibism+culture+dominant+sanamahism
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  365. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xKwZAAAAMAAJ&dq=maiba+priest&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maiba+priest+doctor
  366. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yi_XAAAAMAAJ&dq=maiba+priest&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maiba+priest+doctor+magician
  367. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=utWBAAAAMAAJ&dq=maiba+priest&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maiba+priest+medicineman
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  369. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9SLkAAAAMAAJ&dq=maiba+priest&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maiba+priest+magician
  370. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NHQMAQAAMAAJ&dq=maiba+priest&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maiba+priest+apokpa+khurumjaba
  371. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S4E_AAAAMAAJ&dq=maiba+priest&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maiba+priest+maichou+chief
  372. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yi_XAAAAMAAJ&dq=maiba+priest&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maiba+priest+position+talent
  373. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ngi2AAAAIAAJ&q=chengleirol&dq=chengleirol&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-7e7onoXyAhWXwTgGHb50AsMQ6AEwAnoECAMQAw
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  379. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=b3TwS0WRn5kC&pg=PA3&dq=meiteism&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHyNfXpuzwAhWYzDgGHQ_7APEQ6AEwCXoECAsQAw#v=onepage&q=meiteism%20original%20religion%20meiteis&f=false
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  383. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9QluAAAAMAAJ&dq=meiteism&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=meiteism+pre-Hindu+meitei
  384. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=hNALAAAAIAAJ&dq=meiteism&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=meiteism+past+two+hundred+years
  385. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=hNALAAAAIAAJ&dq=meiteism&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=meiteism+past+two+hundred+years
  386. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zmxK-f7EA6kC&pg=PA140&dq=meiteism&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHyNfXpuzwAhWYzDgGHQ_7APEQ6AEwAnoECAkQAw#v=snippet&q=meiteism%20traditional%20animistic%20religion%20Meitei%20every%20house%20sanamahi&f=false
  387. ↑ http://kanglaonline.com/2016/05/ougri-2016-the-annual-cultural-technical-festival-of-niit-manipur/?amp
  388. ↑ https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/item/2361-ougri-festival-kicks-off
  389. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=22..280315.mar15
  390. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=22..280315.mar15
  391. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=22..280315.mar15
  392. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ&q=ougri&dq=ougri&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiTtc-GrunwAhVJ73MBHUZcB2sQ6AEwAXoECAsQAw
  393. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ljZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=ougri&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ougri+lai+haraoba+
  394. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JQjgAAAAMAAJ&dq=ougri&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ougri+hangel+finish
  395. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CoEtAAAAMAAJ&dq=ougri&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ougri+hangkel+local+festivities+deities
  396. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=cutjAAAAMAAJ&dq=ougri&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ougri+myth+sung+
  397. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=COCBAAAAMAAJ&q=ougri&dq=ougri&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiTtc-GrunwAhVJ73MBHUZcB2sQ6AEwBHoECAYQAw
  398. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=COCBAAAAMAAJ&dq=ougri&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ougri+song+thanksgiving
  399. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=ougri&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ougri+group+song+physical+movements
  400. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=ougri&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ougri+chanting+magical+charms
  401. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=R7siAAAAMAAJ&dq=ougri&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ougri+prosperity+destruction
  402. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6pf_muabVNIC&dq=ougri&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ougri+singing+ceremony+supremacy
  403. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6CBuAAAAMAAJ&dq=ougri&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ougri+actual+war+song
  404. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=R7siAAAAMAAJ&dq=ougri&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ougri+earliest+gem
  405. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9eYC4tjzyi4C&pg=PA304&dq=loyumba+shinyen&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG_aijmunwAhULgtgFHUpLDqsQ6AEwAHoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=loyumba%20shinyen%20written%20constitution&f=false
  406. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PP2&dq=loyumba+shinyen&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG_aijmunwAhULgtgFHUpLDqsQ6AEwAnoECAwQAw#v=snippet&q=loyumba%20shinyen%20final%20document&f=false
  407. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9eYC4tjzyi4C&pg=PA304&dq=loyumba+shinyen&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG_aijmunwAhULgtgFHUpLDqsQ6AEwAHoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=loyumba%20shinyen%20written%20constitution&f=false
  408. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PP2&dq=loyumba+shinyen&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG_aijmunwAhULgtgFHUpLDqsQ6AEwAnoECAwQAw#v=snippet&q=loyumba%20shinyen%20Manipur%20state%20Constitution%20act%201947%20final%20document&f=false
  409. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Um0OAQAAMAAJ&dq=loyumba+shinyen&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=loyumba+shinyen+first+written+Constitution
  410. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ&dq=loyumba+sinyen&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=loyumb%C4%81+sinyen
  411. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ&dq=loyumba+sinyen&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=loyumb%C4%81+sinyen+antiquity+manuscript
  412. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ&dq=loyumba+sinyen&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=loyumb%C4%81+sinyen+distributing+duties+subjects
  413. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&q=loiyumba&pg=PA326&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=loiyumba%20shinyen&f=false
  414. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NAFuAAAAMAAJ&dq=loyumba+sinyen&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=loyumba+sinyen+social+system+rules+regulations
  415. ↑ http://multitree.org/codes/cphs
  416. ↑ http://www.tezu.ernet.in/wmcfel/chakpa-phayeng.php
  417. ↑ http://www.tezu.ernet.in/wmcfel/chakpa-phayeng.php
  418. ↑ http://www.tezu.ernet.in/wmcfel/chakpa-phayeng.php
  419. ↑ http://www.tezu.ernet.in/wmcfel/chakpa-phayeng.php
  420. ↑ http://multitree.org/codes/mni-pha
  421. ↑ http://multitree.org/codes/mni-sek
  422. ↑ http://multitree.org/codes/kdv-cha
  423. ↑ http://www.tezu.ernet.in/wmcfel/chakpa-phayeng.php
  424. ↑ http://www.tezu.ernet.in/wmcfel/chakpa-phayeng.php
  425. ↑ http://multitree.org/codes/kdv-cha
  426. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA285&dq=naoriya+phulo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidxqnOi93wAhVa4XMBHVc5D0UQ6AEwB3oECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=naoriya%20phulo%20Meitei%20Guru%20religious%20reformer&f=false
  427. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=apokpa+marup&source=bl&ots=mUFKmEmDG6&sig=ACfU3U1u3V2w4dpCb2P9_0hp_Ob7ZMaBiA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQpqiog8HwAhXhyzgGHbOpA4MQ6AEwGnoECBgQAg#v=snippet&q=apokpa%20marup%201930%20naoriya%20Phullo&f=false
  428. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=b3TwS0WRn5kC&pg=PA35&dq=naoriya+phulo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidxqnOi93wAhVa4XMBHVc5D0UQ6AEwBHoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=naoriya%20phulo%201930%20Meitei%20revivalist%20leadership&f=false
  429. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=apokpa+marup&source=bl&ots=mUFKmEmDG6&sig=ACfU3U1u3V2w4dpCb2P9_0hp_Ob7ZMaBiA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQpqiog8HwAhXhyzgGHbOpA4MQ6AEwGnoECBgQAg#v=snippet&q=apokpa%20marup%201930%20naoriya%20Phullo&f=false
  430. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=apokpa+marup+naoriya+phulo&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=apokpa+marup+naoriya+phulo+founder+originator+
  431. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA285&dq=naoriya+phulo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidxqnOi93wAhVa4XMBHVc5D0UQ6AEwB3oECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=naoriya%20phulo%20Meitei%20Guru%20religious%20reformer&f=false
  432. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=b3TwS0WRn5kC&pg=PA35&dq=naoriya+phulo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidxqnOi93wAhVa4XMBHVc5D0UQ6AEwBHoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=naoriya%20phulo%201930%20Meitei%20revivalist%20leadership&f=false
  433. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=apokpa+marup+naoriya+phulo&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=apokpa+marup+naoriya+phulo+invented+numerals+divine+gift
  434. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=doQeAAAAMAAJ&dq=naoriya+phulo&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=naoriya+phulo+Sagok+Salai+Thiren+cosmic+evolution
  435. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA285&dq=laininghan+naoriya+phulo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjtgZ7njN3wAhXDmuYKHSrHA1kQ6AEwAHoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=laininghan%20naoriya%20phulo%20birth%20day%20thawan%20August&f=false
  436. ↑ http://www.indiachildnames.com/mobile/surname.aspx?surname=Abujam
  437. ↑ http://www.indiachildnames.com/mobile/originoffamilyname.aspx?surname=Abujam
  438. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=meireima&source=bl&ots=PxdB5ID_Cp&sig=ACfU3U2Cnr1XEy4yzn_srf-7T-ELng6T9w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiK2aqPv9XwAhU1lEsFHQn8CxwQ6AEwDHoECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=meireima%20heirom&f=false
  439. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=F3VuAAAAMAAJ&dq=meireima&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=meireima+heirom
  440. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=meireima&source=bl&ots=PxdB5ID_Cp&sig=ACfU3U2Cnr1XEy4yzn_srf-7T-ELng6T9w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiK2aqPv9XwAhU1lEsFHQn8CxwQ6AEwDHoECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=meireima%20heirom&f=false
  441. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=F3VuAAAAMAAJ&dq=meireima&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Irom+Khamlangba
  442. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=F3VuAAAAMAAJ&dq=meireima&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Irom+Khamlangba
  443. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=Sorelsangbam+shorarel&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjlgZz-ztXwAhWEj-YKHeJfAbcQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=Sorelsangbam%20shorarel&f=false
  444. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=sharang+leishangthem+lammabee&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOysOkz9XwAhV76nMBHRIIC1QQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=sharang%20leishangthem%20lammabee&f=false
  445. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=sharotkhaibam+phouoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv4KrPz9XwAhVr73MBHVCEDyAQ6AEwAHoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=sharotkhaibam%20phouoibi&f=false
  446. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=potshangbam+shanglangmei+kangla&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJhPzzz9XwAhUp7XMBHS_VCZkQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=potshangbam%20shanglangmei%20kangla&f=false
  447. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=moirang+pukhrambam+kutchu+wayenshang&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPiemh0NXwAhW87XMBHdgOCloQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=moirang%20pukhrambam%20kutchu%20wayenshang&f=false
  448. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=shoubam+mawao+leima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkoLPS0NXwAhWTXisKHT7RA9sQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=shoubam%20mawao%20leima&f=false
  449. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=heishnam+panthoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_0IX60NXwAhXWZSsKHYWPClEQ6AEwA3oECAEQAw#v=onepage&q=heishnam%20panthoibi&f=false
  450. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=khoisanam+petangnga&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI_PWn0dXwAhXTV30KHT7JA-oQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=khoisanam%20petangnga&f=false
  451. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=taibangjam+laikhurembee&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiM14nM0dXwAhVKfSsKHeCHDVEQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=taibangjam%20laikhurembee&f=false
  452. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=konthoujam+huimureima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL-6bv0dXwAhXWdCsKHRFWBIcQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=konthoujam%20huimureima&f=false
  453. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=ashangbam+lainaotabi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4mrCh0tXwAhWPaCsKHY9GDOwQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=ashangbam%20lainaotabi&f=false
  454. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=chingkhwam+nungthelleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiqyOnN0tXwAhWCYisKHR9TD-MQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=chingkhwam%20nungthelleima&f=false
  455. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=arambam+shoubonleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwir5cSA09XwAhXBF3IKHTQfAyEQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=arambam%20shoubonleima&f=false
  456. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=yenkhom+phisabam+awangba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjc7fGm09XwAhVWaCsKHdyDB40Q6AEwAHoECAEQAw#v=onepage&q=yenkhom%20phisabam%20awangba&f=false
  457. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=luwangshangbam+luwaang+ching&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNlorR09XwAhV07XMBHV99A0gQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=luwangshangbam%20luwaang%20ching&f=false
  458. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=sinam+laishangbam+lainingthou&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjv4P7509XwAhVu8HMBHaF8DSkQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=sinam%20laishangbam%20lainingthou&f=false
  459. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=moirangthem+puthem+puthiba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7y4O71NXwAhVFIbcAHSlHDmMQ6AEwAHoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=moirangthem%20puthem%20puthiba&f=false
  460. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=mangsatabam+pureiromba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7n5zq1NXwAhWLH7cAHe3GCfoQ6AEwAHoECAEQAw#v=onepage&q=mangsatabam%20pureiromba&f=false
  461. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=langmaithem+tenlongba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt6ub9hNbwAhVXXSsKHSFvAw0Q6AEwAHoECAEQAw#v=onepage&q=langmaithem%20tenlongba&f=false
  462. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=ngarangyanpam+thongak&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwicvoTNhdbwAhVMOisKHWIbA48Q6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=ngarangyanpam%20thongak&f=false
  463. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=nakalbam+chingkol+ningthou&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP4PvhhtbwAhV_7HMBHerHAUkQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=nakalbam%20chingkol%20ningthou&f=false
  464. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=khuraijam+chingbal+leima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFjNiKh9bwAhXoIbcAHYBsAeIQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=khuraijam%20chingbal%20leima&f=false
  465. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=meiyengbam+yaoreibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiE3Mawh9bwAhW24XMBHZO6DQcQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=meiyengbam%20yaoreibi&f=false
  466. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=leishangthem+koubarel&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiznJLgh9bwAhVOOisKHas7AKEQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=leishangthem%20koubarel&f=false
  467. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=ningthoujam+numitleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjiyY-RiNbwAhWHYisKHbTeDLYQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=ningthoujam%20numitleima&f=false
  468. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=pukkalabam+koubru&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi02uDXi9bwAhWE83MBHXvHDlsQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=pukkalabam%20koubru&f=false
  469. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=chenglei+laishangbam+marjing&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwid272XjNbwAhXp6nMBHdusDLkQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=chenglei%20laishangbam%20marjing&f=false
  470. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=moirang+them+moirang+phaktom+ariba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwihqJ7cjNbwAhWi7HMBHW2_DEMQ6AEwAHoECAEQAw#v=onepage&q=moirang%20them%20moirang%20phaktom%20ariba&f=false
  471. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=kangpucham+hongnemyoi+khunjao&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJkfuOjdbwAhW3ILcAHbTPCNMQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=kangpucham%20hongnemyoi%20khunjao&f=false
  472. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=chingkhalbam+chinga&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxmdG6jdbwAhXFX3wKHRfDDowQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=chingkhalbam%20chinga&f=false
  473. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=longjam+pheiroijam+langjing&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj49vfnjdbwAhX_63MBHQtVB4sQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=longjam%20pheiroijam%20langjing&f=false
  474. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=tekcham+langgol&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRyPaPjtbwAhWxFLcAHUnvAiwQ6AEwAHoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=tekcham%20langgol&f=false
  475. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=Nongmaithem+Langmaicheeng+Nongmaijing&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjntubejtbwAhUS8XMBHSS7AhoQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=Nongmaithem%20Langmaicheeng%20Nongmaijing&f=false
  476. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=ningthoujam+chinga+leima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjswaGEj9bwAhWd7XMBHZEnAR4Q6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=ningthoujam%20chinga%20leima&f=false
  477. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=Heithou+Khongtekcham+Langching+Hiyangthou+Leima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_kaW4j9bwAhWD63MBHYrJDfgQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=Heithou%20Khongtekcham%20Langching%20Hiyangthou%20Leima&f=false
  478. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&pg=PA4&dq=thaopicham+yumjao+lairemma&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUvPDij9bwAhVF7HMBHdZ9BSUQ6AEwAHoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=thaopicham%20yumjao%20lairemma&f=false
  479. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Spotlight_On_Women.Role_of_Women_in_Manipur_1
  480. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=daMpNcQKkjMC&pg=PA114&dq=Linthoingambi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjEiNLXhdXwAhUO7nMBHUEeCTkQ6AEwA3oECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=Linthoingambi&f=false
  481. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FsUJ0E3BXkMC&pg=PA99&dq=Linthoingambi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjEiNLXhdXwAhUO7nMBHUEeCTkQ6AEwAnoECAEQAw#v=onepage&q=Linthoingambi&f=false
  482. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.The_Role_Of_Manipuri_Women_In_Administration_Part_1
  483. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ws4BAAAAMAAJ&q=kuranganayani&dq=kuranganayani&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjlutvc3onwAhW5gtgFHXCXAzQQ6AEwCHoECAIQAw
  484. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA115&dq=kuranganayani&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjlutvc3onwAhW5gtgFHXCXAzQQ6AEwB3oECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=kuranganayani&f=false
  485. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dgW2AAAAIAAJ&q=kuranganayani&dq=kuranganayani&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjlutvc3onwAhW5gtgFHXCXAzQQ6AEwBnoECAkQAw
  486. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=C6keAAAAMAAJ&q=kuranganayani&dq=kuranganayani&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3p8vF3onwAhVIIbcAHf6ZBAcQ6AEwBXoECAYQAw
  487. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6igd9NaJFlUC&pg=PA20&dq=kuranganayani&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3p8vF3onwAhVIIbcAHf6ZBAcQ6AEwBHoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=kuranganayani&f=false
  488. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ytcBAAAAMAAJ&q=kuranganayani&dq=kuranganayani&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4uLWY3onwAhVL7HMBHSvqA5sQ6AEwA3oECAIQAw
  489. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=IpVXpfA663IC&pg=PA8&dq=kuranganayani&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4uLWY3onwAhVL7HMBHSvqA5sQ6AEwAnoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=kuranganayani&f=false
  490. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MdjO3XVk0MAC&pg=PA200&dq=kuranganayani&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4uLWY3onwAhVL7HMBHSvqA5sQ6AEwAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=kuranganayani&f=false
  491. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=cFFuAAAAMAAJ&q=kuranganayani&dq=kuranganayani&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4uLWY3onwAhVL7HMBHSvqA5sQ6AEwAHoECAEQAw
  492. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.The_Role_Of_Manipuri_Women_In_Administration_Part_1
  493. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.The_Role_Of_Manipuri_Women_In_Administration_Part_1
  494. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lDFy8Q9d0J0C&dq=maharani+kumudini&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=maharani+kumudini+mother+chandrakirti
  495. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ws4BAAAAMAAJ&q=Maharani+Kumudini&dq=Maharani+Kumudini&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiD6qLxitXwAhUymuYKHf7zAGgQ6AEwAXoECAEQAw
  496. ↑ http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.The_Role_Of_Manipuri_Women_In_Administration_Part_1
  497. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=COCBAAAAMAAJ&q=panthoibi+goddess&dq=panthoibi+goddess&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjp3ISTn-zuAhWWYisKHRy0Df4Q6AEwAXoECAMQAg
  498. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=izhuAAAAMAAJ&q=panthoibi+goddess&dq=panthoibi+goddess&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz1oLZn-zuAhUW_XMBHXUwA50Q6AEwA3oECAAQAg
  499. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?redir_esc=y&id=ZF9uAAAAMAAJ&dq=panthoibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=panthoibi+war
  500. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=M0QKAAAAIAAJ&dq=thumleima&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+Noinu+thumleima+salt+wells
  501. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA14&dq=thumleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4qJP50fPuAhVVU30KHUL4AQwQ6AEwAnoECAIQAw#v=snippet&q=thumleima%20salt&f=false
  502. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64&dq=thumleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2mdWVwK_uAhXijeYKHXyfDI4Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=thumleima&f=false
  503. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vKM4AAAAIAAJ&q=ngaleima+goddess&dq=ngaleima+goddess&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjg-qPnva_uAhUu7HMBHeELCCgQ6AEwAXoECAYQAg
  504. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=IvUZAAAAIAAJ&q=ngaleima+goddess&dq=ngaleima+goddess&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjg-qPnva_uAhUu7HMBHeELCCgQ6AEwAHoECAUQAg
  505. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA14&dq=ngareima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwixhdq8va_uAhWU6nMBHdc0A3EQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=ngareima&f=false
  506. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vDduAAAAMAAJ&q=phouoibi+warol&dq=phouoibi+warol&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJsNuB7uTuAhWFX30KHTtBBvEQ6AEwA3oECAIQAg
  507. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yyQoAQAAMAAJ&q=phoureima&dq=phoureima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU0Pbbwq_uAhWRj-YKHZOdBkAQ6AEwAHoECAQQAg
  508. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9sljAAAAMAAJ&q=phouoibi&dq=phouoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhq9ulwq_uAhU28HMBHVhDCoIQ6AEwA3oECAYQAg
  509. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c276DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT137&dq=phouoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhq9ulwq_uAhU28HMBHVhDCoIQ6AEwAnoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=phouoibi&f=false
  510. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.A_Hymn_for_Goddess_Emoinu
  511. ↑ https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/north-east/meiteis-celebrate-emoinu/cid/1627030
  512. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=thamanglang&source=bl&ots=HXQMefb4ho&sig=ACfU3U2U2swbeN7BpORbAFjGg-K2PQlHZA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiewvLDt4jyAhVlxTgGHY9eDk8Q6AEwDHoECBAQAg#v=snippet&q=thamanglang%20yaoreibi%20Luwang&f=false
  513. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=thamanglang&source=bl&ots=HXQMefb4ho&sig=ACfU3U2U2swbeN7BpORbAFjGg-K2PQlHZA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiewvLDt4jyAhVlxTgGHY9eDk8Q6AEwDHoECBAQAg#v=onepage&q=thamanglang%20yaoreibi%20naophangba%20mother&f=false
  514. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6kqMb4CtBZgC&dq=thamanglang&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=thamanglang+naophangba+son
  515. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bjkBM3qyZ00C&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=thamanglang&source=bl&ots=HXQMefb4ho&sig=ACfU3U2U2swbeN7BpORbAFjGg-K2PQlHZA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiewvLDt4jyAhVlxTgGHY9eDk8Q6AEwDHoECBAQAg#v=onepage&q=thamanglang%20yaoreibi%20mother&f=false
  516. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vDduAAAAMAAJ&dq=thamanglang&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=thamanglang+stepbrother+sameirang
  517. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vDduAAAAMAAJ&dq=thamanglang&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=thamanglang+yengkhom+keithellakpam+kheirom
  518. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=S_4dAAAAMAAJ&dq=thamanglang&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=thamanglang+yengkhom
  519. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=75IMAQAAMAAJ&q=sija+laioibi&dq=sija+laioibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGpdOlgLrwAhUK_3MBHWajBZY4ChDoATAAegQICRAD
  520. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-tv9WOAVh5AC&pg=PA192&dq=sija+laioibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipp9nY_7nwAhWv8XMBHa2jAVoQ6AEwA3oECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=sija%20laioibi&f=false
  521. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lDFy8Q9d0J0C&q=sija+laioibi&dq=sija+laioibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipp9nY_7nwAhWv8XMBHa2jAVoQ6AEwAnoECAQQAw
  522. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.The_Questions_of_Potloi_of_Jagoi_Rasa_and_Kanglei_Puya_By_Wangkhemcha_Chingtamlen
  523. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ikluAAAAMAAJ&q=sija+laioibi&dq=sija+laioibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipp9nY_7nwAhWv8XMBHa2jAVoQ6AEwBXoECAYQAw
  524. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6XBDAAAAYAAJ&q=sija+laioibi&dq=sija+laioibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipp9nY_7nwAhWv8XMBHa2jAVoQ6AEwBHoECAEQAw
  525. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=C3pzGEsdjpQC&q=sija+laioibi&dq=sija+laioibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGpdOlgLrwAhUK_3MBHWajBZY4ChDoATAGegQICBAD
  526. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.The_Questions_of_Potloi_of_Jagoi_Rasa_and_Kanglei_Puya_By_Wangkhemcha_Chingtamlen
  527. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=75IMAQAAMAAJ&dq=sija+laioibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=sija+laioibi+Krishna
  528. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=cN9jAAAAMAAJ&q=sija+laioibi&dq=sija+laioibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipp9nY_7nwAhWv8XMBHa2jAVoQ6AEwBnoECAkQAw
  529. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=75IMAQAAMAAJ&dq=sija+laioibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=sija+laioibi+Nabadwip
  530. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wQlDAAAAYAAJ&q=cheitharol+kumbaba&dq=cheitharol+kumbaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH8Pub-bnwAhUU-nMBHRt_Bx44ChDoATACegQICRAD
  531. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gY0MAQAAMAAJ&q=cheitharol+kumbaba&dq=cheitharol+kumbaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH8Pub-bnwAhUU-nMBHRt_Bx44ChDoATAEegQIARAD
  532. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wQlDAAAAYAAJ&q=cheitharol+kumbaba&dq=cheitharol+kumbaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH8Pub-bnwAhUU-nMBHRt_Bx44ChDoATACegQICRAD
  533. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iOfZAAAAMAAJ&q=cheitharol+kumbaba&dq=cheitharol+kumbaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH8Pub-bnwAhUU-nMBHRt_Bx44ChDoATABegQIBRAD
  534. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GXJOAAAAYAAJ&q=cheitharol+kumbaba&dq=cheitharol+kumbaba&hl=en&sa=X&sqi=2&pjf=1&ved=2ahUKEwigh_CB-bnwAhXi7XMBHV_eA-0Q6AEwCHoECAgQAw
  535. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=aFluAAAAMAAJ&q=cheitharol+kumbaba&dq=cheitharol+kumbaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH8Pub-bnwAhUU-nMBHRt_Bx44ChDoATAAegQIAxAD
  536. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&q=korouhanba&dq=korouhanba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz8qqA1LTuAhVW7HMBHcOYBa0Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg
  537. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DJlJAAAAMAAJ&dq=yoimayai+sun&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Sena+khomdal+sun
  538. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&dq=korouhanba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Shengoirang
  539. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&dq=korouhanba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Songbu+ciraitangba
  540. ↑ https://www.google.com/search?q=L%C4%81ngjakhei+the+sun&client=ms-android-xiaomi-rev1&biw=360&bih=592&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk03A9N6NVFYZiUYSMX7mAWtSIHZjUg%3A1619791990977&ei=dhCMYPmCO6Daz7sPmLmokA8&oq=L%C4%81ngjakhei+the+sun&gs_lcp=Cg9tb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXNlcnAQAzoECCMQJzoFCCEQoAE6BwghEAoQoAFQywxY6B1guyBoAHAAeACAAckDiAHXEpIBBzItNS4yLjGYAQCgAQGqARltb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwLW1vZGVzwAEB&sclient=mobile-gws-serp
  541. ↑ https://www.google.com/search?q=M%C4%81lemkhei+the+sun&client=ms-android-xiaomi-rev1&biw=360&bih=592&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk00f3AiE9rctt3o9fUcpoAxe4f3tgQ%3A1619791859650&ei=8w-MYIygJ4bA3LUP8NW8oA8&oq=M%C4%81lemkhei+the+sun&gs_lcp=Cg9tb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXNlcnAQAzoECCMQJzoFCCEQoAE6BwghEAoQoAFQvhlYzylgiixoAHAAeACAAdkCiAH8EJIBBTItNS4zmAEAoAEBqgEZbW9iaWxlLWd3cy13aXotc2VycC1tb2Rlc8ABAQ&sclient=mobile-gws-serp
  542. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ip-BAAAAMAAJ&q=numit+sun&dq=numit+sun&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjeo53Wi6bwAhUjheYKHUcGAIQ4FBDoATAHegQIChAD
  543. ↑ http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.The_sun_and_cock_Numit_amadi_Yenba_By_Nganthoi_Lourembam
  544. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PgHgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&dq=nongsaba+the+sun&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiAlebijqbwAhWc5nMBHetLC7sQ6AEwAHoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=nongsaba%20the%20sun&f=false
  545. ↑ https://www.google.com/search?q=Nongpok+-+W%C4%81irangch%C4%81+the+sun&client=ms-android-xiaomi-rev1&biw=360&bih=592&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk00trkKALoKqBPG1hNgiFCMmAMFsmg%3A1619789679148&ei=bweMYKDPCJWfmgf8lbqYBA&oq=Nongpok+-+W%C4%81irangch%C4%81+the+sun&gs_lcp=Cg9tb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXNlcnAQAzIFCCEQoAE6BQgAEM0COgcIIRAKEKABUMAUWIclYOgnaABwAHgAgAGhA4gB7RGSAQcyLTUuMi4xmAEAoAEBqgEZbW9iaWxlLWd3cy13aXotc2VycC1tb2Rlc8ABAQ&sclient=mobile-gws-serp
  546. ↑ https://www.google.com/search?q=Ch%C4%81rangson+the+sun&client=ms-android-xiaomi-rev1&biw=360&bih=592&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk01sMLj-7QzAYrhnuWzs4das2MGXsg%3A1619789421498&ei=bQaMYPv4HePFz7sPtP2L6Ao&oq=Ch%C4%81rangson+the+sun&gs_lcp=Cg9tb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXNlcnAQAzoECCMQJzoFCCEQoAE6BwghEAoQoAFQkhdY9iZg-C1oAHAAeAGAAboDiAHYEZIBBzItNi4xLjGYAQCgAQGqARltb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwLW1vZGVzwAEB&sclient=mobile-gws-serp
  547. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=M0QKAAAAIAAJ&q=taoroinai+sun&dq=taoroinai+sun&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmwZPDkKbwAhXL73MBHYpCCjIQ6AEwBnoECAYQAw
  548. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA411&dq=taodanba+sun&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPn6XcjKbwAhWg7XMBHfZODf8Q6AEwAXoECAAQAw#v=onepage&q=taodanba%20sun&f=false
  549. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&q=taohuireng&dq=taohuireng&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUncXpq8ruAhXxjOYKHQY7AogQ6AEwBHoECAIQAg
  550. ↑ https://www.google.com/search?q=Kh%C4%81gi+Nah%C4%81+S%C4%81phaba+the+sun&client=ms-android-xiaomi-rev1&biw=360&bih=592&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk00cahYGbY3i-A9FIlLKInmfiYnQUg%3A1619791736202&ei=eA-MYPLgC8Dez7sPgMeN6AM&oq=Kh%C4%81gi+Nah%C4%81+S%C4%81phaba+the+sun&gs_lcp=Cg9tb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXNlcnAQAzIFCCEQoAEyBQghEKABMgUIIRCgAToECCMQJzoECB4QCjoHCCEQChCgAVDTEliyH2D0IWgAcAB4AIABzQOIAdoSkgEHMi02LjEuMZgBAKABAaoBGW1vYmlsZS1nd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAtbW9kZXPAAQE&sclient=mobile-gws-serp
  551. ↑ https://www.google.com/search?q=Khoibungsen+the+sun&client=ms-android-xiaomi-rev1&biw=360&bih=592&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk037n2oQ-xwYQcyviQRJQBMvAUjipg%3A1619790626218&ei=IguMYOnRDJLEz7sPg46ogAQ&oq=Khoibungsen+the+sun&gs_lcp=Cg9tb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXNlcnAQAzIECAAQDToECCMQJzoGCAAQFhAeOgkIABDJAxAWEB5QkBpYtipgyzJoAHAAeAGAAc0DiAHoE5IBBzItNS4xLjKYAQCgAQGqARltb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwLW1vZGVzwAEB&sclient=mobile-gws-serp
  552. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&dq=korouhanba&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ngantureng
  553. ↑ https://www.google.com/search?q=thabilong+the+sun&client=ms-android-xiaomi-rev1&biw=360&bih=592&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk026DpDbCMyeuf5MN4fccrSxyW4Xbw%3A1619791396999&ei=JA6MYOO_PLmF4t4P6Nq2-AE&oq=thabilong+the+sun&gs_lcp=Cg9tb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXNlcnAQAzIHCCEQChCgATIHCCEQChCgATIICCEQFhAdEB46BAgAEA06BQgAEM0COgYIABANEB46CAgAEAgQDRAeULLKAVjF1gFgrNgBaABwAHgAgAHMAogBvg-SAQUyLTUuMpgBAKABAaoBGW1vYmlsZS1nd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAtbW9kZXPAAQE&sclient=mobile-gws-serp
  554. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&pg=PA411&dq=yoimayai+sun&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVzeCNjKbwAhWy_XMBHY4mAY0Q6AEwAnoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=yoimayai%20sun&f=false
  555. ↑ https://www.google.com/search?q=yoimayai+sun+god+about+to+set&client=ms-android-xiaomi-rev1&biw=360&bih=592&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk01FFYl5YKPdTUfPEKfctmT8eZnuZw%3A1619790036226&ei=1AiMYNWTDbL7z7sPjs2E6Ag&oq=yoimayai+sun+god+about+to+set&gs_lcp=Cg9tb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXNlcnAQAzIFCCEQoAE6BAgjECc6BwghEAoQoAFQyERY9WNg7GZoAHAAeACAAbgDiAHWIZIBCDItMTEuMy4xmAEAoAEBqgEZbW9iaWxlLWd3cy13aXotc2VycC1tb2Rlc8ABAQ&sclient=mobile-gws-serp
  556. ↑ https://www.google.com/search?q=Ap%C4%81nba+the+sun&client=ms-android-xiaomi-rev1&biw=360&bih=592&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk00BnqIeMEtLcHYO-lTC5akh-I2Kqg%3A1619789265184&ei=0QWMYK7YCrrC3LUPt5OcoAI&oq=Ap%C4%81nba+the+sun&gs_lcp=Cg9tb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXNlcnAQAzIFCCEQoAE6BAgjECc6BwghEAoQoAFQ9BFYzB5g8SVoAHAAeACAAcwDiAHhEpIBBzItNS4yLjGYAQCgAQGqARltb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwLW1vZGVzwAEB&sclient=mobile-gws-serp
  557. ↑ https://www.google.com/search?q=Ang%C4%81nb%C4%81+sun&client=ms-android-xiaomi-rev1&biw=360&bih=592&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk00O2LcfdJ_uOnPz5Oxgqbfhe7wLCA%3A1619789151432&ei=XwWMYNrpGejD3LUPpLGI2Ao&oq=Ang%C4%81nb%C4%81+sun&gs_lcp=Cg9tb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXNlcnAQAzIFCCEQoAE6BAgjECdQ1UZYsE9gr1doAHAAeACAAYgEiAHFC5IBBzItNC41LTGYAQCgAQGqARltb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwLW1vZGVzwAEB&sclient=mobile-gws-serp
  558. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lnswAQAAIAAJ&q=kuru+Sidaba&dq=kuru+Sidaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwig4qeg-J7wAhXGR30KHZvODkgQ6AEwB3oECAgQAw
  559. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC&pg=PA237&dq=kuru+Sidaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwig4qeg-J7wAhXGR30KHZvODkgQ6AEwAnoECAEQAw#v=onepage&q=kuru%20Sidaba&f=false
  560. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_HmwAAAAIAAJ&q=salailel&dq=salailel&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIysb0957wAhWHXisKHQsTCIwQ6AEwAHoECAMQAw
  561. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FkyAAAAAMAAJ&q=sidaba+mapu&dq=sidaba+mapu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQucyG9p7wAhV6qksFHZ6sCK8Q6AEwB3oECAcQAw
  562. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9&dq=sidaba+mapu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQucyG9p7wAhV6qksFHZ6sCK8Q6AEwA3oECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=sidaba%20mapu&f=false
  563. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&q=sidaba+mapu&dq=sidaba+mapu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQucyG9p7wAhV6qksFHZ6sCK8Q6AEwBnoECAMQAw
  564. ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#mapu
  565. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=taibang+mapu&dq=taibang+mapu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzmMyh957wAhXUdCsKHQ9tBJcQ6AEwAnoECAMQAw
  566. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC&pg=PA237&dq=yaibirel+Sidaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiD-J71-J7wAhXaV30KHZbsBn0Q6AEwAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=yaibirel%20Sidaba&f=false
  567. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC&pg=PA237&dq=yaibirel+Sidaba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiD-J71-J7wAhXaV30KHZbsBn0Q6AEwAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=yaibirel%20Sidaba&f=false
  568. ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9jtuAAAAMAAJ&q=atingkok&dq=atingkok&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrzuaWiYDvAhW1yosBHTPZAnM4FBDoATAAegQIARAD
  569. ↑ http://manipuri.itgo.com/the_lais.html#mapu
  570. ↑ https://www.india9.com/i9show/Atiya-Guru-Sidaba-65666.htm
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