User:Mujeeb Rahman Chandio/sandbox
Half of the world's population natively speak the 13 most populous languages. The following table lists the most commonly spoken languages of the world with the largest number of native speakers as estimated by the Swedish Nationalencyklopedin (2007, 2010).
Since the distinction of language and dialect is often arbitrary, some mutually intelligible idioms with separate national standards or self-identification have been unified, including Indonesian and Malay; Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian; etc., but not Standard Hindi and Urdu.
For a list of languages with the smallest numbers of native speakers, see Lists of endangered languages.
Nationalencyklopedin
changeThe following table contains the top 100 languages by estimated number of speakers in the 2007 edition of Nationalencyklopedin. As census methods in different countries vary to a considerable extent, and some countries do not record language in their censuses, any list of languages by native speakers, or total speakers, is based on estimates. Updated estimates from 2010 are also provided.[1]
Hindustani has been divided into the sociolinguistic units of Hindi and Urdu, while a number of northern Indian languages have been partially merged into "Hindi", reflecting self-identity reported in the Indian census. This Hindi is thus not a language in the linguistic sense.
Note: Languages with an asterisk (*) have been updated with figures from the 2010 edition of the Nationalencyklopedin.
| Rank | Language | Native speakers (millions) | % of world population | Mainly spoken in | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mandarin 官話/官话 |
955* | 14.4% | China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia | Part of Chinese language family |
| 2 | Spanish Español/Castellano |
470[2][3] | 6.15% | Spain, Mexico, Parts of the United States, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Equatorial Guinea, Western Sahara. See List of countries where Spanish is an official language |
Partially mutually intelligible with Portuguese[4][5][6] |
| 3 | English | 360* | 5.43% | United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and Commonwealth of Nations. See List of countries where English is an official language | |
| 4 | Hindi हिन्दी |
310* | 4.70% | India, Nepal | Part of Hindi languages family. Includes approx. 100 million speakers of other Hindi languages not counted below. Mutually intelligible with Urdu. |
| 5 | Arabic العربية |
295* | 4.43% | Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Algeria, Bahrain, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Iraq, Palestine, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Somalia, Western Sahara, Somaliland, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. See List of countries where Arabic is an official language | Arabic also is a liturgical language of 1.6 billion Muslims.[7][8] The Arabic language contains many different dialects. Many are not mutually intelligible. See Varieties of Arabic |
| 6 | Portuguese Português |
215* | 3.27% | Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea-Bissau, Timor-Leste, Macao. See List of countries where Portuguese is an official language | Partially mutually intelligible with Spanish[4][5][6] |
| 7 | Bengali বাংলা |
205* | 3.11% | Bangladesh, India (West Bengal, Tripura, Assam) | |
| 8 | Russian Русский |
155* | 2.33% | Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Commonwealth of Independent States. See List of countries where Russian is an official language | Partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian[9] and Belarusian.[9] |
| 9 | Japanese 日本語 |
125* | 1.90% | Japan | |
| 10 | Punjabi ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابى |
102* | 1.44% | Pakistan, India (Punjab region), United Kingdom, Canada, United States | |
| 11 | German Deutsch |
89* | 1.39% | Germany, Austria, Belgium (Eupen-Malmedy), Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Italy (South Tyrol). See List of countries where German is an official language | |
| 12 | Javanese ꦧꦱꦗꦮ |
82 | 1.25% | Indonesia (Java) | Javanese is the largest language without an official status anywhere (and thus the largest minority language in the world), despite being used throughout Southeast Asia and Suriname. |
| 13 | Wu 吳語 / 吴语 |
80 | 1.20% | China (Zhejiang, Shanghai, southern Jiangsu) | Part of Chinese language family |
| 14 | Malay/Indonesian Bahasa Melayu Bahasa Indonesia |
77 | 1.16% | Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore | |
| 15 | Telugu తెలుగు |
76 | 1.15% | India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry, Andaman And Nicobar Islands) | |
| 16 | Vietnamese Tiếng Việt |
76 | 1.14% | Vietnam | |
| 17 | Korean 한국어 조선말 |
76 | 1.14% | South Korea, North Korea | |
| 18 | French Français |
74 | 1.12% | France and its territories, Belgium, Canada (mainly province of Quebec), Switzerland, Haiti, Luxembourg, Lebanon, Gabon, Algeria, Mauritius, Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, and other Francophonie member states. See List of countries where French is an official language | |
| 19 | Marathi मराठी |
73 | 1.10% | India (Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat) | |
| 20 | Tamil தமிழ் |
74* | 1.06% | India (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry), Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius | |
| 21 | Urdu اُردُو |
66 | 0.99% | Pakistan, India | Mutually intelligible with Hindi |
| 22 | Turkish Türkçe |
63 | 0.95% | Turkey, Northern Cyprus | |
| 23 | Italian Italiano |
60 | 0.90% | Italy, Switzerland, San Marino | |
| 24 | Cantonese 粵語 / 粤语 |
59 | 0.89% | China (Guangdong (Canton), southern Guangxi), Hong Kong, Macau | Part of Chinese language family |
| 24 | Persian فارسی |
59 | 0.89% | Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan | |
| 26 | Thai ภาษาไทย |
56 | 0.85% | Thailand | |
| 27 | Sindhi سنڌي सिन्धी |
54.3 | 0.82% | Pakistan (Sindh), India | |
| 28 | Gujarati ગુજરાતી |
49 | 0.74% | India (Gujarat, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli) | |
| 29 | Jin 晉語 / 晋语 |
48 | 0.72% | China (Shanxi, parts of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi) | Part of Chinese language family |
| 30 | Min Nan 閩南語 / 闽南语 |
47 | 0.71% | China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan), Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore | Part of Chinese language family |
| 31 | Polish Polski |
40 | 0.61% | Poland | |
| 32 | Pashto پښتو |
39 | 0.58% | Pakistan, Afghanistan | |
| 33 | Kannada ಕನ್ನಡ |
38 | 0.58% | India (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra) | |
| 34 | Xiang 湘語 / 湘语 |
38 | 0.58% | China (Hunan) | Part of Chinese language family |
| 35 | Malayalam മലയാളം |
38 | 0.57% | India (Kerala, Lakshadweep, Mahé) | |
| 36 | Sundanese ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ |
38 | 0.57% | Indonesia (Java) | Sundanese is the second largest language (after Javanese) without an official status anywhere (not counting Chinese dialects such as Wu, Yue, Jin, Min Nan, Xiang). |
| 37 | Hausa هَرْشَن هَوْسَ |
34 | 0.52% | Nigeria | |
| 38 | Oriya ଓଡ଼ିଆ |
33 | 0.50% | India (Odisha) | |
| 39 | Burmese မြန်မာစာ |
33 | 0.50% | Burma | |
| 40 | Hakka 客家話 / 客家话 |
31 | 0.46% | China (Southern) | Part of Chinese language family |
| 41 | Ukrainian українська мова |
30 | 0.46% | Ukraine | Partially mutually intelligible with Russian[9] and Belarusian.[9] |
| 42 | Bhojpuri भोजपुरी |
29 | 0.43% | India (Bihar) | Part of Bihari. This is only a fraction of the speakers; the others are counted under Hindi above. |
| 43 | Tagalog Wikang Tagalog |
28 | 0.42% | Philippines | |
| 44 | Yoruba Èdè Yorùbá |
28 | 0.42% | Nigeria, Benin, Togo | |
| 45 | Maithili मैथिली, মৈথিলী |
27 | 0.41% | India (Bihar), Nepal | Part of Bihari. This is only a fraction of the speakers; the others are counted under Hindi above. |
| 46 | Swahili Kiswahili |
26 | 0.39% | Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda | |
| 47 | Uzbek Oʻzbek Ўзбек اوزبیک |
26 | 0.39% | Uzbekistan | |
| 48 | Amharic አማርኛ |
25 | 0.37% | Ethiopia | |
| 49 | Fula Fulfulde |
25 | 0.37% | West and Central Africa, from Senegal to Sudan | |
| 50 | Romanian Română |
24 | 0.37% | Romania, Moldova | |
| 51 | Oromo Afaan Oromo |
24 | 0.36% | Ethiopia, Kenya | |
| 52 | Igbo Asụsụ Igbo |
24 | 0.36% | Nigeria | |
| 53 | Azerbaijani Azərbaycan |
23 | 0.34% | Azerbaijan, Iran | |
| 54 | Awadhi अवधी |
22 | 0.33% | India (Uttar Pradesh) | Part of Hindi languages family. This is only a fraction of the speakers; the others are counted under Hindi above. |
| 55 | Gan 贛語 / 赣语 |
22 | 0.33% | China (Jiangxi) | Part of Chinese language family |
| 56 | Cebuano Binisaya |
21 | 0.32% | Philippines (Central and Southern) | |
| 57 | Dutch Nederlands |
21 | 0.32% | Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders, Brussels), Suriname | Mutually intelligible with Afrikaans. |
| 58 | Kurdish كوردی |
21 | 0.31% | “Kurdistan” (Kurdis in the world, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria) | |
| 59 | Lao ພາສາລາວ |
20 | 0.30% | Laos, Thailand | |
| 60 | Serbo-Croatian Srpskohrvatski hrvatskosrpski српскохрватски хрватскосрпски |
19 | 0.28% | Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Kosovo | |
| 61 | Malagasy Malagasy |
18 | 0.28% | Madagascar | |
| 62 | Saraiki سرائیکی |
17 | 0.26% | Pakistan (Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh) | |
| 63 | Nepali नेपाली |
17 | 0.25% | Nepal, India (Sikkim, Darjeeling, Assam), Bhutan, Myanmar | |
| 64 | Sinhalese සිංහල |
16 | 0.25% | Sri Lanka | |
| 65 | Chittagonian টগাঁইয়া বুলি |
16 | 0.24% | Bangladesh (Chittagong) | |
| 66 | Zhuang Vahcuengh 话壮 |
16 | 0.24% | China (Guangxi) | Actually 13 or more languages; related to Thai, not part of Chinese language family. |
| 67 | Khmer ភាសាខ្មែរ |
16 | 0.24% | Cambodia | |
| 68 | Assamese অসমীয়া |
15 | 0.23% | India Assam (India) | |
| 69 | Madurese Madhura |
15 | 0.23% | Indonesia ( Madura, and Java) | |
| 70 | Somali Af-Soomaali |
15 | 0.22% | Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Dijibouti, Yemen | |
| 71 | Marwari मारवाड़ी |
14 | 0.21% | India (Rajasthan), Pakistan, Nepal | This is only a fraction of the speakers; the others are counted under Hindi above. |
| 72 | Magahi मगही |
14 | 0.21% | India (Bihar) | Part of Bihari |
| 73 | Haryanvi हरियाणवी |
14 | 0.21% | India (Haryana) | Part of Hindi languages family |
| 74 | Hungarian Magyar |
13 | 0.19% | Hungary | |
| 75 | Chhattisgarhi छत्तीसगढ़ी |
12 | 0.19% | India (Chhattisgarh) | Part of Hindi languages family. This is only a fraction of the speakers; the others are counted under Hindi above. |
| 76 | Greek ελληνικά |
12 | 0.18% | Greece, Cyprus | |
| 77 | Chewa Nyanja |
12 | 0.17% | Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe | |
| 78 | Deccan دکنی |
11 | 0.17% | India (Deccan) | Part of Urdu |
| 79 | Akan Twi Fante |
11 | 0.17% | Ghana, Ivory Coast | |
| 80 | Kazakh Qazaqşa Қазақша قازاق ٴتىلى; |
11 | 0.17% | Kazakhstan | |
| 81 | Min Bei 閩北語 / 闽北语 |
10.9 | 0.16% | China (Fujian) | Part of Chinese language family |
| 82 | Sylheti ছিলটী |
10.7 | 0.16% | Bangladesh, India | |
| 83 | Zulu isiZulu |
10.4 | 0.16% | South Africa | |
| 84 | Czech Čeština |
10.0 | 0.15% | Czech Republic | |
| 85 | Kinyarwanda Ikinyarwanda |
9.8 | 0.15% | Rwanda | Part of Rwanda-Rundi |
| 86 | Dhundhari |
9.6 | 0.15% | India (Rajasthan) | |
| 87 | Haitian Creole Kreyòl Ayisyen |
9.6 | 0.15% | Haiti | |
| 88 | Min Dong 閩東語 / 闽东语 |
9.5 | 0.14% | China (Fujian) | Part of Chinese language family |
| 89 | Ilokano | 9.1 | 0.14% | Philippines (Luzon) | |
| 90 | Quechua | 8.9 | 0.13% | Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador | A language family, not a language |
| 91 | Kirundi | 8.8 | 0.13% | Burundi, Uganda | Part of Rwanda-Rundi |
| 92 | Swedish | 8.7 | 0.13% | Sweden, Finland | |
| 93 | Hmong | 8.4 | 0.13% | Laos | A language family, not a language |
| 94 | Shona | 8.3 | 0.13% | Zimbabwe | |
| 95 | Uyghur ئۇيغۇرچە |
8.2 | 0.12% | China (Xinjiang) | |
| 96 | Hiligaynon | 8.2 | 0.12% | Philippines (Western Visayas) | |
| 97 | Mossi | 7.6 | 0.11% | Burkina Faso | |
| 98 | Xhosa | 7.6 | 0.11% | South Africa | |
| 99 | Belarusian беларуская мова |
7.6 | 0.11% | Belarus | Only half this many use it as their home language. Partially mutually intelligible with Russian[9] and Ukrainian.[9] |
| 100 | Balochi بلوچی |
7.6 | 0.11% | Pakistan, Iran (Balochistan region) |
See also
change- Global language system
- Linguistic demography
- Linguistic Diversity Index
- List of ISO 639-3 codes
- List of languages by total number of speakers
- List of languages by number of native speakers in India (uses a different definition of Hindi)
- List of most widely spoken languages (by number of countries)
- List of sign languages by number of native signers
- Lists of languages
References
change- ↑ Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007. In parentheses are the 2010 estimates for the top languages.
- ↑ "El Español: Una Lengua Viva" [El Español: Una Lengua Viva: Informe 2014] (PDF). Nationalencyklopedin. 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014. (in Swedish)
- ↑ Lewis, M. Paul; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2013), Spanish (in Spanish) (17th ed.), Dallas, Texas: Ethnologue, Languages of the World,
410 million as a first language, 470 million as a first and second language
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 GAVILANES LASO, J. L. (1996) Algunas consideraciones sobre la inteligibilidad mutua hispano-portuguesa In: Actas del Congreso Internacional Luso-Español de Lengua y Cultura en la Frontera, Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 175–187.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Comparação Português e Castelhano". Omniglot.com. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Algumas observações sobre a noção de língua portuguesa" (PDF). Retrieved 23 April 2014.
- ↑ "Executive Summary". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
- ↑ "Table: Muslim Population by Country | Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project". Features.pewforum.org. 27 January 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Alexander M. Schenker. 1993. "Proto-Slavonic," The Slavonic Languages. (Routledge). Pp. 60–121. Pg. 60: "[The] distinction between dialect and language being blurred, there can be no unanimity on this issue in all instances..."
C.F. Voegelin and F.M. Voegelin. 1977. Classification and Index of the World's Languages (Elsevier). Pg. 311, "In terms of immediate mutual intelligibility, the East Slavic zone is a single language."
Bernard Comrie. 1981. The Languages of the Soviet Union (Cambridge). Pg. 145–146: "The three East Slavonic languages are very close to one another, with very high rates of mutual intelligibility...The separation of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian as distinct languages is relatively recent...Many Ukrainians in fact speak a mixture of Ukrainian and Russian, finding it difficult to keep the two languages apart...
External links
change- Ethnologue's most recent list of languages arranged by number of speakers
- List of top 100 languages in 13th edition of Ethnologue (1996)
- Different lists of the most spoken languages (the Ethnologue list is from a previous, not the 2005, edition).
- Ethnologue – SIL's Ethnologue, widely referenced source for the world's languages
- Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People (Archived 2009-10-31) – Encarta list, based on data from Ethnologue, but some figures (e.g. for Arabic) widely vary from it
- Top 30 languages of the world
- 30 most widely spoken world languages
- Interactive world map of language distribution
- Map of World Languages. Download of MP3 audio files in 1600 language combinations.
Template:Countries and languages lists