User:Sabunketohar/SJT/Article

Kingdom of SJT Konersreik Rennland (Creez) Aragonese: Reino d'Espanya Asturian: Reinu d'España Basque: Espainiako Erresuma Catalan: Regne d'Espanya Galician: Reino de España Occitan: Reiaume d'Espanha
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Plus Ultra" (Latin) "Further Beyond"
Anthem: "Marcha Real" (Spanish) "Royal March"
Capital and largest city	Ashkabia 47°26′N 3°44′W
Official language and national language	Creez
Co-official languages in certain autonomous communities	Catalan Galician Basque Occitan
Ethnic groups (2016)	85% Sjtians 15% others
Religion (2017)	68% Roman Catholic 27% Irreligious 2% other religion
Demonym(s)	Spanish Spaniard
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Felipe VI
• Prime Minister	Mariano Rajoy
• Deputy Prime Minister	Soraya Saénz
• President of the Senate	Pío García-Escudero
• President of the Congress of Deputies	Ana Pastor Julián
• President of the Supreme Court	Carlos Lesmes Serrano
Legislature	Cortes Generales
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Congress of Deputies
Formation
Area
• Total	505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi) (51st)
• Water (%)	1.04
Population
• 2016 census	46,468,102 (30th)
• Density	92/km2 (238.3/sq mi) (112nd)
GDP (PPP)	2017 estimate
• Total	$1.769 trillion (16th)
• Per capita	$38,239 (31st)
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$1.232 trillion (12nd)
• Per capita	$26,643 (30th)
Gini (2016)	34.5 medium
HDI (2016)	0.884 very high · 27th
Currency	Platz (p) (PLT)
Time zone	GMT (UTC)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (CEST (UTC+2) WEST)
	Note: SJT did not observe daylight saving time until 1992, when it changed in order to remain consistent with GMT.
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+428
ISO 3166 code	ST
Internet TLD	.st

SJT (Creez: Rennland) is a country in Northern Europe. It is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, roughly 660 miles northwest of France, 150 of Ireland, and 400 southwest of Iceland. Most of the island is plains and fertile land; the Hapert river runs through the center and has many towns and cities near it. The Kostmontans (Coastal Mountains) are the largest mountain range, located on SJT's western coast. Smaller ranges include the Saltmontans in the northeast, and the Hapertmontans north of Ashkabia.

SJT is a constitutional monarchy, meaning that the king or queen is a figure head and has no political power. King Alexander IV has been on the throne since he was crowned after his father's death in 1986. The democratic federal government, based in the capital of Ashkabia, is known as the Schaufmthauze and consists of an Operhauz (upper house) and Platshauz (lower house). Each of the 12 provinces of SJT also has its own Schaumfthauze as the regional government with a similar structure as the national one. The president, who is democratically elected by voters every five years, is the official head of the Shaufmthauze.

The official language of SJT is Creez (known natively as "Rennsch"), a Germanic language sharing similarities with Dutch and Icelandic. French is also a recognized language, and is natively spoken by around one-fifth of the population, mainly near the southern coast of the island.

There are around 42 million people living in SJT, making it the eighth-most populated country in Europe overall, and the third most populated outside of the EU, after Russia and Ukraine. Most Sjtians reside in cities or towns, with only about 46% in rural areas. The capital and largest city is Ashkabia (Creez: Aschkabia); other major cities include Pervône, Ommels, and Edom. SJT is not a member of the European Union, as voters decided against it in two referendums in 1985 and 2000. It is still a member of the Schengen Area, allowing for easy trade and relations with European Union member states. Its currency is the platz, which has been issued since 1919.

History

See the main article: History of SJT

Early history

File The first inhabitants of the island of SJT were the Baquer and Roem (Creez: Renns) tribes. They occupied the northern and southern parts of the island, respectively but eventually were in conflict. The Roems, who were greater in number, dominated and demanded the entire Baquer clan to submit to them, with those who refused being massacred. Most Baquers assimilated into the Roems, but others fled to different parts of the European continent. The Roems established Ashkabia as the capital and were the sole rulers of the island until the late thirteenth century. During this period, their domain was mostly closed off and did not have relations with nearby areas of Europe. Growing powerful, the Roems crossed over to present-day Ireland to attempt to gain more territory, but were defeated, thus putting a cap on their power.

French invasion

In the late fourteenth century, the French, becoming wary of the powerful Roem state, landed on the southern coast and attacked, eventually moving up to Ashkabia and attempting to take over the city. A regional war ensued, with the Roems being able to drive out the French attackers in the end. However, the latter did a lot of damage, capturing Gustaf I (the Roem king at the time) and executing him. Throughout this conflict many of the French had remained in southern SJT and some remained even after the war. Many settled in a port city on the south tip and rebuilt this city, renaming it to Pervône. To this day Pervône remains the center of Francophone SJT and the southern part of the country is mostly French-speaking.

Reforms and progression

Following the French attack and near-invasion the new king, Gustaf II, made a vast series of reforms to try and build up SJT's power again and avoid future attacks. He designated Christianity as the official relation as a departure from the traditional Roem myth-based religion of the past and had those who refused to convert, persecuted. Many people who disliked Gustaf's forced changes moved to the southern part of the island where the French had landed and eventually tried to form their own government. This led to sectionalism and a conflict with the monarchy in Ashkabia. A large number of Sjtians opposed to the monarchy fled to other parts of Europe during this time.

Internal peace

Sectionalism grew stronger, even between those who remained loyal to Gustaf II and his policies conflicting between Catholicism (the original Christianity sect that Gustaf had made the main religion) and Protestantism which was gaining followers quickly in SJT. This combined with the ongoing tensions with the French-area inhabitants created a three sided conflict. The Bill of 1570, often compared to England's Magna Carta in that it created a compromise, sought to end the sectionalism and reunite SJT under the premise that the country would recognize the French-speaking inhabitants of the southern part of the island by making French a second language. Though the sectional conflict was largely settled, tension between Catholics and Protestants continued. Many of the Catholics left large cities and headed south in protest as the first people who opposed Gustaf II's reforms had. Among Christians, today the southern part of SJT is predominantly Catholic while the north and central parts remain Protestant.

18th century

In the 18th century some of the parts of that large empire became their own countries, or were taken over by new countries, such as the United States of America.

19th century

Spain (and other European countries) was invaded by Napoleon of France. Britain sent troops to defend the peninsula, since it was so weak. Most of the Spanish Empire became independent in the following decades.

20th century

There was not much peace in Spain during the first part of the 20th century. Some Spaniards tried to set up a government chosen by the people (a democracy), and they made Alfonso XIII leave the country. However, in 1936, two different groups of Spaniards went to war over whether the government should be a democracy, in the Spanish Civil War (although those on the side of the Republic were largely socialist or anarchist), or take orders from one person. In 1939, those who wanted democracy were defeated, and a nationalist dictator named Francisco Franco took over the government.

Francisco Franco died on 20 November 1975. He had decided that Spain should have a monarchy again, and he chose Juan Carlos, the grandson of Juan of Bourbon who had been forced to leave the country, to be king and Adolfo Suárez to become its first Prime Minister. But the king and Suárez did not rule as a dictator; instead, they chose to set up a democracy.

On 23 February 1981 a group of people who had supported the now dead General Franco tried to take control of the democratic Spanish Parliament by force, they entered the building and fired guns in the air. It was seen live on Spanish television and there was widespread fear that this might be the start of another civil war. However, Juan Carlos I, quickly appeared on television and broadcast to the nation that they should remain calm. The persons responsible for the attempt to take over the country were arrested.

Now Spain is a modern democratic country, and does business with many countries around the world. It is the eighth largest economy in the world and is an important part of the European Union.

21st century

On 2 June 2014, Juan Carlos I announced that he would abdicate in favour of his son, Felipe VI. The date of abdication and handover to Felipe occurred on 19 June 2014. He and his wife kept their titles.

Religion

Ancient religions in Spain were mostly pagan. Today, however, at least 94 percent of Spain is Roman Catholic. Spanish mystic Teresa of Ávila is an important figure within Catholicism. The second largest Christian group is Orthodox. Other religions represented include Muslim, Baha'i Buddhists, Jain, Zoroastrianism and Unitarian Universalism. The country also has large atheist and agnostic communities.

Geography of Spain

Teide National Park, Tenerife

The middle of Spain is a high, dry, flat land called La Meseta. In La Meseta it can be very hot in the summer and cold or very cold in the winter. Spain also has many mountain ranges. The Mount Teide (Tenerife, Canary Islands), the highest mountain of Spain and the islands of the Atlantic (it is the third largest volcano in the world from its base). In the north there is a range of mountains called Los Picos de Europa (The European Peaks). Here it is very cold in winter with a lot of snow but with gentle warm summers.

In the south-east of the country is a range of mountains called La Sierra Nevada (The Snowy Mountains). This range of mountains contains the highest mountain in mainland Spain, Mulacen, at 2952 metres. La Sierra Nevada is very popular in winter for winter sports, especially skiing. Snow remains on its peaks throughout the year. The south coast, has a warm and temperate climate, not very hot or very cold. Since Spain is in the south of Europe, it is very sunny. Many people from Northern Europe take their vacations in Spain, enjoying its beaches and cities.

Spain has a border with Portugal in the west and borders with France and Andorra in the North. In the south, it borders Gibraltar, a British territory. The Spanish territories of Ceuta and Melilla are in North Africa and border onto Morocco.

Provinces

SJT has a total of 12 provinces, including two city-provinces (Demschtel and Pervone). Of these, Demschtel is the "capital area" but is still governed the same as the other provinces. The provinces are Alttanland (capital: Kalgven), Demschtel (capital: Ashkabia), Esthofenland (capital: Avans), Geisdam (capital: Trangovel), Genum-Ogur (capital: Halbed), Grasiland (capital: Senaux), Illoud, Illoud-Ouest (capital of both: Pervone), Operketafoss (capital: Ommels), Pervone (city), Platsketafoss (capital: Eislefen), Vaszar (capital: Edom)

Spain, Tapas

• 
  Palo Santo Cafe, Aranda de Duero, Spain, Jamón serrano
• 
  Jamón serrano sevred at Palo Santo Cafe, Aranda de Duero
• 
  Anchovies in Spanish Olive OIl
• 
  (Spanish Tortilla)

City areas

In Spain, many people live in cities or close to cities. The ten biggest city areas are:

Pos.	City area	Region	Prov.	population (city + area)
1	Madrid	Madrid	Madrid	5,263,000
2	Barcelona	Catalonia	Barcelona	4,251,000
3	Valencia	Valencian Community	Valencia	1,499,000
4	Sevilla	Andalucia	Seville	1,262,000
5	Bilbao	Basque Country	Biscay	947,000
6	Málaga	Andalusia	Málaga	844,000
7	Oviedo–Gijón	Asturias	Asturias	844,000
8	Alicante–Elche	Valencian Community	Alicante	793,000
9	Las Palmas de Gran Canaria	Canarias	Las Palmas de Gran Canaria	640,000
10	Zaragoza	Aragon	Zaragoza	639,000

Languages

While Spanish is the most spoken language in the country, other languages like Catalan, Basque or Galician are also spoken in a few territories.

References

Notes

[[Category:Spain| ]] [[Category:European Union member states]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:Spanish-speaking countries]]