July 19

July 19 is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 165 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

64 – The Great Fire of Rome starts.
484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern Emperor at Tarsus in modern-day Turkey.
711 – Ummayad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete – Ummayad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
1333 – Wars of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Halidon Hill ends in an English victory.
1545 – The Tudor battleship Mary Rose sinks.
1553 – In England, Lady Jane Grey is replaced as queen by Mary I of England, having been queen for only a few days.
1572 – Wanli Emperor takes control in China, becoming the 13th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines – The Spanish Armada is seen in the English Channel.
1692 – In the Salem Witch Trials, five women are hanged for witchcraft.
1701 – Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding large territory north of the Ohio River to England.
1702 – Great Northern War: A larger Polish–Saxon Army of Augustus III the Strong, operating from a better defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish Army half its size under the command of Charles XII of Sweden, in the Battle of Klissow.
1821 – George IV of the United Kingdom is crowned king.
1832 – The British Medical Association is founded by Charles Hastings.
1843 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's steamship, the SS Great Britain is launched.
1848 – A Women's rights convention begins in Seneca Falls, New York.
1864 – Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking – Qing Dynasty defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
1870 – Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
1900 – The first line of the Paris Metro opens.

From 1901

1903 – Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.
1908 – The Dutch football club Feyenoord of Rotterdam is founded.
1912 – A meteorite estimated to weigh 190 kilograms explodes over Holbrook, Arizona, causing around 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the village.
1916 – World War I: Battle of Fromelles – British and Australian troops attack German trenches.
1920 – Antonio Joaquim Granjo becomes Prime Minister of Portugal.
1936 – The Sieges of Oviedo and Gijon begin shortly after the start of the Spanish Civil War.
1941 – British Prime Minister Winston Churchill launches the V for Victory campaign.
1943 – World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft.
1947 – Several leading Burmese politicians, including Bogyoko Aung San, are executed by Galon U Saw.
1950 – West Germany and the Saarland join the European Council.
1952 – The Summer Olympics in Helsinki begin.
1961 – Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte.
1965 – The Mont Blanc road tunnel is opened.
1971 – The South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City opens.
1976 – The Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
1979 – The Sandinistas take official control of the government in Nicaragua.
1979 – Two oil tankers collide near Trinidad and Tobago, causing an oil spill, and killing 29 seamen in the fire resulting from the collision.
1980 – The Summer Olympics in Moscow begin. Some Western countries, including the United States and West Germany, boycott the event.
1981 – French President Francois Mitterrand privately reveals to US President Ronald Reagan documents showing the Soviets had been stealing American technological research and development.
1985 – The Val di Stava dam collapses in Italy, killing 268 people.
1987 – In Portugal, the Social Democrats under Anibal Cavaco Silva become the first political party during the Third Republic to form an overall majority in parliament.
1989 – A United Airlines airplane crashes in Sioux City, Iowa, and bursts into flames, killing 112 out of the 296 people on board.
1992 – Anti–Mafia judge Paolo Borsellino and two police officers are killed by a car–bomb attack in Palermo, Sicily.
1996 – Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic is forced out of office. Wanted on war crimes charges, he goes into hiding until his arrest in 2008.
1996 – The 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta begin, with Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame.
1997 – The Provisional IRA resumes a ceasefire during the Northern Ireland Troubles.
2002 – In Scotland, the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park is created.
2003 – The first successful tongue transplant is carried out in Vienna.
2007 – Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman to be chosen to become President of India.
2018 – Israel's Knesset passes a law defining the country as a Jewish Nation State.
2018 – A duck boat capsizes on Table Rock Lake in Southwestern Missouri, United States, killing 17 people (out of 31 on board), including 9 from the same family.
2019 – Iran seizes two British oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz.

Births

Up to 1900

1670 – Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
1688 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
1698 – Johann Jakob Bodmer, Swiss writer and poet (d. 1783)
1739 – Joseph Stanton, Jr., American politician (d. 1807)
1744 – Heinrich Christian Boie, German poet (d. 1806)
1759 – Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
1764 – Juan José Castelli, Argentine politician (d. 1812)
1789 – John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
1800 – Juan José Flores, first President of Ecuador (d. 1864)
1806 – Alexander Dallas Bache, American physicist (d. 1867)
1814 – Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
1819 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
1822 – Princess Augusta of Cambridge (d. 1916)
1827 – Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (d. 1857)
1834 – Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
1840 – José Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile (d. 1891)
1842 – Frederick T. Greenhalge, English-American lawyer and politician, 38th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1896)
1848 – Pedro Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil (d. 1850)
1860 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderess (d. 1927)
1863 – Hermann Bahr, Austrian writer and dramatist (d. 1934)
1865 – Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
1876 – Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
1876 – Ignaz Seipel, Austrian politician (d. 1952)
1877 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
1881 – Friedrich Dessauer, German philosopher and physicist (d. 1963)
1883 – Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and movie producer (d. 1972)
1884 – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1954)
1886 – Michael Fekete, Hungarian–Israeli mathematician (d. 1957)
1890 – King George II of Greece (d. 1947)
1892 – Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
1893 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
1894 – Khawaja Nazimuddin, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
1894 – Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
1895 – Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
1896 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
1898 – Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)

1901 – 1950

1904 – Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer (d. 1985)
1914 – Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
1917 – William Scranton, American politician and diplomat, 38th Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 2013)
1920 – Robert Mann, American violinist, composer and conductor (d. 2018)
1920 – Aldo Protti, Italian opera singer (d. 1995)
1921 – André Moynet, French fighter pilot, businessman, politician and racing driver (d. 1993)
1921 – Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2011)
1921 – Harold Camping, American evangelist and religious broadcaster, predicted the rapture (d. 2013)
1922 – Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan, 10th Yang di–Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia (d. 2008)
1922 – George McGovern, American politician (d. 2012)
1923 – Lon Simmons, American sportscaster (d. 2015)
1923 – Joseph Hansen, American writer (d. 2004)
1923 – Alex Hannum, American basketball player (d. 2002)
1924 – Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
1924 – Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009)
1924 – Arthur Rankin, Jr., American director, producer and writer (d. 2014)
1925 – Otto Arosemena, President of Ecuador (d. 1984)
1926 – Helen Gallagher, American actress, Ryan's Hope
1928 – Bobby Davidson, Scottish football referee (d. 1993)
1929 – Martin Grüner, German politician (d. 2018)
1932 – Erró, Icelandic artist
1934 – Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
1935 – Vasily Livanov, Russian movie actor and screenwriter
1935 – Nick Koback, American baseball player (d. 2015)
1935 – Gerd Albrecht, German conductor (d. 2014)
1937 – George Hamilton IV, American country music singer (d. 2014)
1938 – Vakhtang Kikabidze, Georgian movie actor, director and singer
1938 – Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
1941 – Vikki Carr, American singer
1943 – Thomas J. Sargent, American economist
1945 – George Dzundza, American actor
1945 – Paule Baillargeon, Canadian actress, director and screenwriter
1945 – Richard Henderson, Scottish molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for Chemistry laureate
1946 – Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band)
1946 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
1947 – Bernie Leadon, American musician (The Eagles)
1947 – Brian May, English guitarist (Queen)
1947 – Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer
1948 – Atilio Ancheta, Uruguayan footballer
1948 – Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
1949 – Kgalema Motlanthe, former President of South Africa
1950 – Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance
1950 – Freddy Moore, American songwriter

1951 – 1975

1952 – Allen Collins, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
1952 – Robert A. Ficano, County Executive for Wayne County, Michigan (Detroit and environs)
1954 – Alvan Adams, American basketball player
1954 – Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist
1955 – Dalton McGuinty, Canadian politician, 24th Premier of Ontario
1956 – Nikki Sudden, American musician (d. 2006)
1958 – Peter Houston, Scottish footballer and coach
1958 – Kazushi Kimura, Japanese footballer
1958 – Reuben Kane, American professional wrestler
1958 – Angharad Tomos, Welsh author and language activist
1959 – Juan José Campanella, Argentine director
1960 – Atom Egoyan, Canadian movie maker
1960 – Steve Viksten, American television writer and voice actor
1961 – Campbell Scott, American actor and director
1961 – Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
1961 – Niall Mackenzie, Scottish motorcycle road racer
1961 – Benoît Mariage, Belgian movie director
1961 – Hideo Nakata, Japanese movie director
1961 – Lisa Lampanelli, American comedienne
1962 – Anthony Edwards, American actor
1964 – Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, lyricist and actor
1965 – Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
1965 – Hailemariam Desalegn, Prime Minister of Ethiopia
1965 – Stuart Scott, American sportscaster (d. 2015)
1966 – Nancy Carell, American actress
1968 – Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer
1968 – Robert Flynn, American musician (Machine Head)
1969 – Gabrielle, English singer
1970 – Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish politician, 5th First Minister of Scotland
1971 – Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
1971 – Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer and politician, Mayor of Kyiv
1971 – Naoki Soma, Japanese footballer
1971 – Russell Allen, American singer
1971 – Alan Marriott, Canadian voice actor
1972 – Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
1972 – David Lammy, English politician
1973 – Martin Powell, English musician (Cradle of Filth)
1973 – Scott Walker, Canadian hockey player
1974 – Preston Wilson, American baseball player

From 1976

1976 – Eric Prydz, Swedish DJ and producer
1976 – Benedict Cumberbatch, British actor
1976 – Vinessa Shaw, American actress
1976 – Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer
1976 – Angela Griffin, English actress
1977 – Tony Mamaluke, American wrestler
1977 – Charles John Spencer, American professional wrestler
1978 – Chiara Zanni, Canadian actress
1979 – Luke Young, English footballer
1979 – Rick Ankiel, American baseball pitcher
1980 – Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
1980 – Michelle Heaton, English singer and model (Liberty X)
1980 – Mark Webber, American actor
1981 – Didz Hammond, bassist/backing vocalist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause)
1981 – Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
1981 – Chris Spicuzza, American musician (Chimaira)
1982 – Jared Padalecki, American actor
1982 – Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
1983 – Brooke Kinsella, English actress
1983 – Helen Skelton, English television presenter
1984 – Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer
1984 – Adam Morrison, American basketball player
1985 – LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player
1985 – Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (d. 2015)
1986 – Leandro Greco, Italian footballer
1987 – Hugh Harris, English singer and guitarist (The Kooks)
1988 – Shane Dawson, American comedian and actor
1988 – Kevin Grosskreutz, German footballer
1990 – Aron Pálmarsson, Icelandic handball player
1990 – Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor
1995 – Maria Paseka, Russian gymnast
1996 – Oh Ha-young, South Korean singer
1998 – Erin Cuthbert, Scottish footballer

Deaths

Up to 1900

514 – Pope Symmachus
806 – Li Shigu, Chinese general (b. 778)
931 – Uda of Japan (b. 867)
1374 – Francesco Petrarca, Italian poet (b. 1304)
1415 – Philippa of Lancaster (b. 1359)
1543 – Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn (b. 1499)
1631 – Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
1682 – Yohannes I, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1640)
1692 – Sarah Good, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1653)
1692 – Susannah Martin, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1621)
1742 – William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
1810 – Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
1814 – Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774)
1824 – Agustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico (b. 1783)
1838 – Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
1838 – Christmas Evans, Welsh minister (b. 1766)
1850 – Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
1857 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1796)
1878 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician (b. 1847)

1901 – 2000

1911 – Manuel Iradier, Spanish explorer (b. 1854)
1913 – Climaco Calderon, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
1925 – Louis-Nazaire Bégin, Archbishop of Quebec (b. 1840)
1943 – Yekaterina Budanova, Soviet flying ace (b. 1916)
1947 – Aung San, Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician (b. 1915)
1947 – U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
1947 – Lyuh Woon-hyung, South Korean politician (b. 1886)
1965 – Rhee Syng-man, President of South Korea (b. 1875)
1970 – Egon Eiermann, German architect and designer (b. 1904)
1974 – Erno Schwarz, Hungarian footballer (b. 1904)
1975 – Lefty Frizzell, American country musician and singer (b. 1928)
1977 – Karl Ristikivi, Estonian writer (b. 1912)
1980 – Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
1980 – Hans Morgenthau, German political philosopher (b. 1904)
1982 – Hugh Everett, American physicist (b. 1930)
1984 – Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
1989 – Kazimierz Sabbat, President of Poland (b. 1913)
1992 – Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate (b. 1940)

From 2001

2003 – Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1908)
2004 – Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
2007 – Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944)
2009 – Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (b. 1930)
2009 – Henry Surtees, British racing driver (b. 1991)
2010 – David Warren, Australian inventor (b. 1925)
2012 – Omar Suleiman, Egyptian army general, intelligence officer and politician (b. 1936)
2012 – Hans Nowak, German footballer (b. 1937)
2013 – Bert Trautmann, German footballer (b. 1923)
2013 – Mel Smith, British comedian, actor, director and writer (b. 1952)
2013 – Simon Pimenta, Indian cardinal (b. 1920)
2014 – Lionel Ferbos, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1911)
2014 – John Fasano, American screenwriter, producer and director (b. 1961)
2014 – David Easton, Canadian political scientist (b. 1917)
2014 – Ingemar Odlander, Swedish journalist (b. 1936)
2014 – Yehuda Nir, Polish-born psychiatrist (b. 1930)
2014 – Iring Fetscher, German political scientist (b. 1922)
2014 – Rubem Alves, Brazilian theologian and philosopher (b. 1933)
2014 – Paul M. Fleiss, American pediatrician (b. 1933)
2014 – Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (b. 1992)
2014 – James Garner, American actor (b. 1928)
2015 – Gennadiy Seleznyov, Russian politician (b. 1947)
2015 – Galina Prozumenshchikova, Russian swimmer (b. 1948)
2015 – Van Alexander, American jazz composer, arranger and bandleader (b. 1915)
2015 – Stellan Bojerud, Swedish politician (b. 1944)
2015 – Carmino Ravosa, Argentine composer (b. 1930)
2016 – Carlos Gorostiza, Argentine playwright, theatre director and novelist (b. 1920)
2016 – Garry Marshall, American director, actor, producer and writer (b. 1934)
2016 – Chief Zee, American football fan (Washington Redskins) (b. 1941)
2017 – Miguel Blesa, Spanish banker (b. 1947)
2017 – Jake Butcher, American banker and politician (b. 1936)
2017 – Blaoui Houari, Algerian singer-songwriter (b. 1926)
2017 – Ralph Regula, American politician (b. 1924)
2018 – Rayo de Jalisco Sr., Mexican professional wrestler and actor (b. 1932)
2018 – Jon Schnepp, American film director and animator (b. 1967)
2018 – Denis Ten, Kazakhstani figure skater (b. 1993)
2019 – Agnes Heller, Hungarian philosopher (b. 1929)
2019 – César Pelli, Argentine architect (b. 1926)
2019 – Yao Lee, Chinese singer (b. 1922)
2019 – John Elya, Lebanese-born religious figure (b. 1928)
2019 – Bert Rechichar, American football player (b. 1930)
2019 – Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor (b. 1944)
2019 – Don Mossi, American baseball player (b. 1929)

Observances

Sandinista Day (Nicaragua)
Martyrs' Day (Burma)
Christopher Street Day