List of IOC country codes

Wikimedia list article

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) uses three-letter abbreviation country codes to call each group of athletes that participate in the Olympic Games.[1]

The flag of the international Olympic movement

Since 1952, the list of IOC country codes has changed as new countries were added. Sometimes the names of countries were changed. Some countries have had as many as four different codes.[2]

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V Y Z
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
AFG   Afghanistan Afghanistan National Olympic Committee[3]
AHO   Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee ATO (1960)
NAN (1964)
ALB   Albania National Olympic Committee of Albania[4]
ALG   Algeria Comité Olympique Algérien[5] AGR (1964)
AGL (1968S)
AND   Andorra Comitè Olímpic Andorrà[6]
ANG   Angola Comité Olímpico Angolano[7]
ANT   Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Olympic Association[8]
ARG   Argentina Comité Olímpico Argentino[9]
ARM   Armenia National Olympic Committee of Armenia[10]
ARU   Aruba Comité Olímpico Arubano[11]
ASA   American Samoa American Samoa National Olympic Committee[12]
AUS   Australia Australian Olympic Committee[13] ANZ (1908, 1912)
AUT   Austria Österreichisches Olympisches Comité[14]
AZE   Azerbaijan National Olympic Committee of the Azerbaijani Republic[15]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
BAH   Bahamas Bahamas Olympic Association[16]
BGD   Bangladesh Bangladesh Olympic Association[17]
BAR   Barbados Barbados Olympic Association[18] BAD (1964)
BDI   Burundi Comité National Olympique du Burundi[19]
BEL   Belgium Comité Olympique et Interfédéral Belge[20]
BEN   Benin Comité National Olympique et Sportif Béninois[21] DAY (1964)
DAH (1968–1976)
BER   Bermuda Bermuda Olympic Association[22]
BHU   Bhutan Bhutan Olympic Committee[23]
BIH   Bosnia and Herzegovina Olympic Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina[24] BSH (1992S)
BIZ   Belize Belize Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association[25] HBR (1968–1972)
BLR   Belarus National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Belarus[26]
BOL   Bolivia Comité Olímpico Boliviano[27]
BOT   Botswana Botswana National Olympic Committee[28]
BRA   Brazil Comitê Olímpico Brasileiro[29]
BRN   Bahrain Bahrain Olympic Committee
BRU   Brunei Brunei Darussalam National Olympic Council[30]
BGR   Bulgaria Bulgaria Olympic Committee[31]
BUR   Burkina Faso Comité National Olympique et des Sports Burkinabè[32] VOL (1972–1984)
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
CAF   Central African Republic Comité National Olympique et Sportif Centrafricain[33] AFC (1968)
CAM   Cambodia National Olympic Committee of Cambodia[34] CAB (1964)
KHM (1972–1976)
CAN   Canada Canadian Olympic Committee[35]
CAY   Cayman Islands Cayman Islands Olympic Committee[36]
CGO   Republic of the Congo Comité National Olympique et Sportif Congolais[37]
CHA   Chad Comité Olympique et Sportif Tchadien[38] CHD (1964)
TCH
CHI   Chile Comité Olímpico de Chile[39] CIL (1956W, 1960S)
CHN   China Chinese Olympic Committee[40]
CIV   Côte d'Ivoire Comité National Olympique de Côte d'Ivoire[41] IVC (1964)
CML (1968)
CMR   Cameroon Comité National Olympique et Sportif du Cameroun[42]
COD   Democratic Republic of the Congo Comité Olympique Congolais[43] COK (1968)
ZAI (1972–1996)
COK   Cook Islands Cook Islands Sports and National Olympic Committee[44]
COL   Colombia Comité Olímpico Colombiano[45]
COM   Comoros Comité Olympique et Sportif des Iles Comores[46]
CPV   Cape Verde Comité Olímpico Caboverdeano[47]
CRC   Costa Rica Comité Olímpico Nacional de Costa Rica[48] COS (1964)
CTC (1984W)
CRO   Croatia Croatian Olympic Committee[49]
CUB   Cuba Comité Olímpico Cubano[50]
CYP   Cyprus Cyprus National Olympic Committee[51]
CZE   Czechia Czech Olympic Committee[52]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
DEN   Denmark National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark[53] DAN (1960S, 1968W)
DIN (1968S)
DJI   Djibouti Comité National Olympique et Sportif Djiboutien[54]
DMA   Dominica Dominica Olympic Committee[55]
DOM   Dominican Republic Comité Olímpico Dominicano[56]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
ECU   Ecuador Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano[57]
EGY   Egypt Egyptian Olympic Committee[58] RAU (1960, 1968)
UAR (1964)
ERI   Eritrea Eritrean National Olympic Committee[59]
ESA   El Salvador Comité Olímpico de El Salvador[60] SAL (1964–1976)
ESP   Spain Comité Olímpico Español[61] SPA (1956–1964, 1968W)
EST   Estonia Estonian Olympic Committee (Eesti Olümpiakomitee)[62]
ETH   Ethiopia Ethiopian Olympic Committee[63] ETI (1960, 1968)
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
FIJ   Fiji Fiji Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee[64] FIG (1960)
FIN   Finland Finnish Olympic Committee[65]
FRA   France Comité National Olympique et Sportif Français[66]
FSM   Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia National Olympic Committee[67]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
GAB   Gabon Comité Olympique Gabonais[68]
GAM   Gambia Gambia National Olympic Committee[69]
GBR   Great Britain British Olympic Association[70] GRB (1956W–1960)
GBI (1964)
GBS   Guinea-Bissau Comité Olímpico da Guiné-Bissau[71]
GEO   Georgia Georgian National Olympic Committee[72]
GEQ   Equatorial Guinea Comité National Olympique Equato-Guinéen[73]
GER   Germany Deutscher Olympischer SportBund[74] ALL (1968W)
ALE (1968S)
FRG (1980–1988)
GHA   Ghana Ghana Olympic Committee[75]
GRE   Greece Comité Olympique Hellénique[76]
GRN   Grenada Grenada Olympic Committee[77]
GUA   Guatemala Comité Olímpico Guatemalteco[78] GUT (1964)
GUI   Guinea Comité National Olympique et Sportif Guinéen[79]
GUM   Guam Guam National Olympic Committee[80]
GUY   Guyana Guyana Olympic Association[81] GUA (1960)
GUI (1964)
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
HAI   Haiti Comité Olympique Haïtien[82]
HKG   Hong Kong Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China[83] HOK (1960–1968)
HON   Honduras Comité Olímpico Hondureño[84]
HUN   Hungary Hungarian Olympic Committee[85] UNG (1956W, 1960S)
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
INA   Indonesia Komite Olimpiade Indonesia[86] INS (1960)
IND   India Indian Olympic Association[87]
IRI   Iran National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Iran[88] IRN (1956–1988)
IRA (1968W)
IRL   Ireland Olympic Council of Ireland[89]
IRQ   Iraq National Olympic Committee of Iraq[90] IRK (1960, 1968)
ISL   Iceland National Olympic and Sports Association of Iceland[91] ICE (1960W, 1964S)
ISR   Israel Olympic Committee of Israel[92]
ISV   United States Virgin Islands Virgin Islands Olympic Committee[93]
ITA   Italy Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano[94]
IVB   British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands Olympic Committee[95]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
JAM   Jamaica Jamaica Olympic Association[96]
JOR   Jordan Jordan Olympic Committee[97]
JPN   Japan Japanese Olympic Committee[98] GIA (1956W, 1960S)
JAP (1960W)
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
KAZ   Kazakhstan National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan[99]
KEN   Kenya National Olympic Committee Kenya[100]
KGZ   Kyrgyzstan National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan[101]
KIR   Kiribati Kiribati National Olympic Committee[102]
KOR   South Korea Korean Olympic Committee[103] COR (1956W, 1960S, 1968S, 1972S)
KSA   Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee[104] ARS (1968–1976)
SAU (1980–1984)
KUW   Kuwait Kuwait Olympic Committee[105]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
LAO   Laos National Olympic Committee of Lao[106]
LAT   Latvia Latvian Olympic Committee[107]
LBA   Libya Libyan Olympic Committee[108] LYA (1964)
LBY (1968W)
LBR   Liberia Liberia National Olympic Committee[109]
LCA   Saint Lucia St Lucia Olympic Committee[110]
LES   Lesotho Lesotho National Olympic Committee[111]
LBN   Lebanon Lebanese Olympic Committee[112] LEB (1960W, 1964S), LIB (until Oct 2017)
LIE   Liechtenstein Liechtensteinischer Olympischer Sportverband[113] LIC (1956W, 1964S, 1968W)
LTU   Lithuania National Olympic Committee of Lithuania[114] LIT (1992W)
LUX   Luxembourg Comité Olympique et Sportif Luxembourgeois[115]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
MAD   Madagascar Comité Olympique Malgache[116] MAG (1964)
MAR   Morocco Comité National Olympique Marocain[117] MRC (1964)
MAS   Malaysia Olympic Council of Malaysia[118] MAL (1964–1988)
MAW   Malawi Malawi Olympic Committee[119]
MDA   Moldova Comité National Olympique de la République de Moldova[120] MLD (1994)
MDV   Maldives Maldives Olympic Committee[121]
MEX   Mexico Comité Olímpico Mexicano[122]
MNG   Mongolia Mongolian National Olympic Committee[123] MON (1968W)
MHL   Marshall Islands Marshall Islands National Olympic Committee[124]
MKD   Macedonia Olympic Committee of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia[125]
MLI   Mali Comité National Olympique et Sportif du Mali[126]
MLT   Malta Maltese Olympic Committee[127] MAT (1960–1964)
MNE   Montenegro Montenegrin Olympic Committee[128]
MON   Monaco Comité Olympique Monégasque[129]
MOZ   Mozambique Comité Olímpico Nacional de Moçambique[130]
MRI   Mauritius Mauritius Olympic Committee[131]
MTN   Mauritania Comité National Olympique et Sportif Mauritanien[132]
MYA   Myanmar Myanmar Olympic Committee[133] BIR (1960, 1968–1988)
BUR (1964)
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
NAM   Namibia Namibia National Olympic Committee[134]
NCA   Nicaragua Comité Olímpico Nicaragüense [135] NCG (1964)
NIC (1968)
NED   Netherlands Nederlands Olympisch Comité/Nederlandse Sport Federatie[136] OLA (1956W)
NET (1960W)
PBA (1960S)
NLD (1964S)
HOL (1968–1988)
NEP     Nepal Nepal Olympic Committee[137]
NGR   Nigeria Nigeria Olympic Committee[138] NGA (1964)
NIG   Niger Comité Olympique et Sportif National du Niger[139] NGR (1964)
NOR   Norway Norges idrettsforbund og olympiske og paralympiske komité (Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports)[140]
NRU   Nauru Nauru Olympic Committee[141]
NZL   New Zealand New Zealand Olympic Committee[142] ANZ (1908, 1912)
NZE (1960, 1968W)
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
OMA   Oman Oman Olympic Committee[143]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
PAK   Pakistan Pakistan Olympic Association[144]
PAN   Panama Comité Olímpico de Panamá[145]
PAR   Paraguay Comité Olímpico Paraguayo[146]
PER   Peru Comité Olímpico Peruano[147]
PHI   Philippines Philippines Olympic Committee[148] FIL (1960, 1968)
PLE   Palestine Palestine Olympic Committee[149]
PLW   Palau Palau National Olympic Committee[150]
PNG   Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Sports Federation and Olympic Committee[151] NGY (1976–1980)
NGU (1984–1988)
POL   Poland Polish Olympic Committee[152]
POR   Portugal Comité Olímpico de Portugal[153]
PRK   North Korea Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea[154] NKO (1964S, 1968W)
CDN (1968)
PUR   Puerto Rico Comité Olímpico de Puerto Rico[155] PRI (1960)
PRO (1968)
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
QAT   Qatar Qatar Olympic Committee[156]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
ROU   Romania Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee[157] ROM (1956–1960, 1972–2006)
RUM (1964–1968)
RSA   South Africa South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee[158] SAF (1960–1972)
ROC   Russia Russia Olympic Committee[159]
RWA   Rwanda Comité National Olympique et Sportif du Rwanda[160]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
SAM   Samoa Samoa Association of Sport and National Olympic Committee[161]
SEN   Senegal Comité National Olympique et Sportif Sénégalais[162] SGL (1964)
SEY   Seychelles Seychelles Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association[163]
SGP   Singapore Singapore National Olympic Council[164] SIN (1959-2016)
SKN   Saint Kitts and Nevis St. Kitts and Nevis Olympic Committee[165]
SLE   Sierra Leone National Olympic Committee of Sierra Leone[166] SLA (1968)
SLO   Slovenia Olympic Committee of Slovenia Association of Sports Federations[167]
SMR   San Marino Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Sammarinese[168] SMA (1960–1964)
SOL   Solomon Islands National Olympic Committee of Solomon Islands[169]
SOM   Somalia Somali Olympic Committee[170]
SRB   Serbia Olympic Committee of Serbia[171]
SRI   Sri Lanka National Olympic Committee of Sri Lanka[172] CEY (1960–1972)
STP   São Tomé and Príncipe Comité Olímpico de São Tomé e Príncipe[173]
SUD   Sudan Sudan Olympic Cmmittee[174]
SUI    Switzerland Swiss Olympic Association[175] SVI (1956W, 1960S)
SWI (1960W, 1964S)
SUR   Suriname Surinaams Olympisch Comité Surinaams[176]
SVK   Slovakia Slovak Olympic Committee[177]
SWE   Sweden Swedish Olympic Committee[178] SVE (1956W, 1960S)
SUE (1968S)
SWZ   Swaziland Swaziland Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association[179]
SYR   Syria Syrian Olympic Committee[180] RAU (1960)
SIR (1968)
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
TAN   Tanzania Tanzania Olympic Committee Tanzania Olympic Committee [181]
TGA   Tonga Tonga Sports Association and National Olympic Committee[182] TON (1984)
THA   Thailand National Olympic Committee of Thailand [183] TAI (1960, 1968)
TJK   Tajikistan National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Tajikistan[184]
TKM   Turkmenistan National Olympic Committee of Turkmenistan[185]
TLS   Timor-Leste Comitê Olímpico Nacional de Timor-Leste[186]
TOG   Togo Comité National Olympique Togolais[187]
TPE   Republic of China[188] Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee[189] RCF (1960)
TWN (1964–1968)
ROC (1972–1976)
TTO   Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Olympic Committee[190] TRT (1964–1968)
TUN   Tunisia Comité National Olympique Tunisien[191]
TUR   Turkey National Olympic Committee of Turkey[192]
TUV   Tuvalu Tuvalu Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee[193]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
UAE   United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates National Olympic Committee[194]
UGA   Uganda Uganda Olympic Committee[195]
UKR   Ukraine National Olympic Committee of Ukraine [196]
URU   Uruguay Comité Olímpico Uruguayo[197] URG (1968)
USA   United States United States Olympic Committee [198] SUA (1960S)
EUA (1968S)
UZB   Uzbekistan National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan[199]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
VAN   Vanuatu Vanuatu Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee[200]
VEN   Venezuela Comité Olímpico Venezolano Comité[201]
VIE   Vietnam Vietnam Olympic Committee[202] VET (1964)
VNM (1968–1976)
VIN   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines St Vincent and the Grenadines National Olympic Committee[203]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
YEM   Yemen Yemen Olympic Committee[204]
Code Country National Organizing Committee (NOC) Other codes used
ZAM   Zambia National Olympic Committee of Zambi[205] NRH (1964)
ZIM   Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Olympic Committee[206] RHO (1960–1972)

Historic NOCs and teams

change

Some of the National Olympic Committees no longer exist, such as Czechoslovakia, the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, the USSR, the United Arab Republic, and the West Indies Federation.[207]

Codes still in use

change

Twelve historical NOCs or teams have codes that are still used in the IOC results database[208] to refer to past medal winners from these teams.

Code Nation/Team Other codes used
ANZ   Australasia
BOH   Bohemia
BWI   West Indies Federation ANT (1960, 1968), WID (1964)
EUA Unified Team of Germany GER (1956–1964)
EUN Unified Team
FRG   West Germany ALL (1968W), ALE (1968S), GER (1972–1976)
GDR   East Germany ADE (1968)
SCG   Serbia and Montenegro YUG (1996S–2002W)
TCH   Czechoslovakia CSL (1956W), CZE (1960W), CSV (1960S), CZS (1964S), CHE (1968S)
URS   Soviet Union SOV (1968W)
YUG   Yugoslavia JUG (1956–1960, 1968W), YUS (1964S)
ZZX Mixed teams

Obsolete codes

change
Code Nation (NOC) Years Notes
BIR   Burma 1948–1988 Now Myanmar (MYA)
CEY   Ceylon 1948–1972 Now Sri Lanka (SRI)
DAH   Dahomey 1964–1976 Now Benin (BEN)
HBR   British Honduras 1968–1972 Now Belize (BIZ)
KHM   Khmer Republic 1972–1976 Now Cambodia (CAM)
MAL   Malaya 1956–1960 Competed independently prior to the formation of Malaysia in 1963.
Now Malaysia (MAS)
NBO   North Borneo 1956
NRH   Northern Rhodesia 1964 Now Zambia (ZAM)
RAU   United Arab Republic 1960 Now Egypt (EGY)
and Syria (SYR)
RHO   Rhodesia 1960–1972 Now Zimbabwe (ZIM)
ROC   Republic of China 1932–1976 Now Chinese Taipei (TPE)
UAR   United Arab Republic 1964 Now Egypt (EGY)
VOL   Upper Volta 1972–1984 Now Burkina Faso (BUR)
YAR   North Yemen 1984–1988 Competed independently prior to 1990.
Now Yemen (YEM)
YMD   South Yemen 1988
ZAI   Zaire 1972–1996 Now DR Congo (COD)
GUI   British Guiana 1948–1964 Now Guyana (GUY)
  Gold Coast 1952 Now Ghana (GHA)
SAA   Saar 1952 Competed independently prior to rejoining West Germany in 1957.
change

References

change
  1. Mallon, Bill and Ove Karlsson. "IOC and OCOG Abbreviations for NOCs," Archived 2011-06-29 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Olympic History (US), Vol. 12, No. 2, May 2004, pp. 25-28; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  2. Mallon, p. 26.
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  45. Olympic.org, Colombia; retrieved 2012-8-13.
  46. Olympic.org, Comoros; retrieved 2012-8-13.
  47. Olympic.org, Cape Verde; retrieved 2012-8-13.
  48. Olympic.org, Costa Rica; retrieved 2012-8-13.
  49. Olympic.org, Croatia; retrieved 2012-8-13.
  50. Olympic.org, Cuba; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  51. Olympic.org, Cyprus; retrieved 2012-8-13.
  52. Olympic.com, Czechia; retrieved 2024-4-24.
  53. Olympic.org, Denmark; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  54. Olympic.org, Djibouti; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  55. Olympic.org, Dominica; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  56. Olympic.org, Dominican Republic; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  57. Olympic.org, Ecuador; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  58. Olympic.org, Egypt; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  59. Olympic.org, Eritrea; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  60. Olympic.org, El Salvador; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  61. Olympic.org, Spain; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  62. Olympic.org, Estonia; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  63. Olympic.org, Ethiopia; retrieved 2012-8-11.
  64. Olympic.org, Fiji; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  65. Olympic.org, Finland; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  66. Olympic.org, France; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  67. Olympic.org, Micronesia; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  68. Olympic.org, Gabon; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  69. Olympic.org, Gambia; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  70. Olympic.org, Great Britain; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  71. Olympic.org, Guinea-Bissau; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  72. Olympic.org, Georgia; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  73. Olympic.org, Equatorial Guinea; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  74. Olympic.org, Germany; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  75. Olympic.org, Ghana; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  76. Olympic.org, Greece; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  77. Olympic.org, Grenada; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  78. Olympic.org, Guatemala; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  79. Olympic.org, Guinea; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  80. Olympic.org, Guam; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  81. Olympic.org, Guyana; retrieved 2012-8-9.
  82. Olympic.org, Haiti; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  83. Olympic.org, Hong Kong; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  84. Olympic.org, Honduras; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  85. Olympic.org, Hungary; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  86. Olympic.org, Indonesia; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  87. Olympic.org, India; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  88. Olympic.org, Iran; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  89. Olympic.org, Ireland; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  90. Olympic.org, Iraq; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  91. Olympic.org, Iceland; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  92. Olympic.org, Israel; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  93. Olympic.org, United States Virgin Islands; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  94. Olympic.org, Italy; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  95. Olympic.org, British Virgin Islands; retrieved 2012-8-8.
  96. Olympic.org, Jamaica; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  97. Olympic.org, Jordan; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  98. Olympic.org, Japan; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  99. Olympic.org, Kazakhstan; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  100. Olympic.org, Kenya; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  101. Olympic.org, Kyrgyzstan; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  102. Olympic.org, Kiribati; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  103. Olympic.org, South Korea; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  104. Olympic.org, Saudi Arabia; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  105. Olympic.org, Kuwait; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  106. Olympic.org, Laos; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  107. Olympic.org, Latvia; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  108. Olympic.org, Libya; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  109. Olympic.org, Liberia; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  110. Olympic.org, Saint Lucia; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  111. Olympic.org, Lesotho; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  112. Olympic.org, Lebanon; retrieved 2017-12-12.
  113. Olympic.org, Liechtenstein; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  114. Olympic.org, Lithuania; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  115. Olympic.org, Luxembourg; retrieved 2012-8-15.
  116. Olympic.org, Madagascar; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  117. Olympic.org, Morocco; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  118. Olympic.org, Malaysia; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  119. Olympic.org, Malawi; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  120. Olympic.org, Moldova; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  121. Olympic.org, Maldives; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  122. Olympic.org, Mexico; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  123. Olympic.org, Mongolia; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  124. Olympic.org, Marshall Islands; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  125. Olympic.org, Macedonia; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  126. Olympic.org, Mali; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  127. Olympic.org, Malta; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  128. Olympic.org, Montenegro; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  129. Olympic.org, Monaco; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  130. Olympic.org, Mozambique; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  131. Olympic.org, Mauritius; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  132. Olympic.org, Mauritania; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  133. Olympic.org, Myanmar; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  134. Olympic.org, Namibia; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  135. Olympic.org, Nicaragua; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  136. Olympic.org, Netherlands; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  137. Olympic.org, Nepal; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  138. Olympic.org, Nigeria; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  139. Olympic.org, Niger; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  140. Olympic.org, Norway; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  141. Olympic.org, Nauru; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  142. Olympic.org, New Zealand; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  143. Olympic.org, Oman; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  144. Olympic.org, Pakistan; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  145. Olympic.org, Panama; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  146. Olympic.org, Paraguay; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  147. Olympic.org, Peru; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  148. Olympic.org, Philippines; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  149. Olympic.org, Palestine; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  150. Olympic.org, Palau; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  151. Olympic.org, Papua New Guinea; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  152. Olympic.org, Poland; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  153. Olympic.org, Portugal; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  154. Olympic.org, North Korea; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  155. Olympic.org, Puerto Rico; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  156. Olympic.org, Qatar; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  157. Olympic.org, Romania; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  158. Olympic.org, South Africa; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  159. Olympic.org, Russia; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  160. Olympic.org, Rwanda; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  161. Olympic.org, Samoa; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  162. Olympic.org, Senegal; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  163. Olympic.org, Seychelles; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  164. Olympic.org, Singapore; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  165. Olympic.org, Saint Kitts and Nevis; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  166. Olympic.org, Sierra Leone; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  167. Olympic.org, Slovenia; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  168. Olympic.org, San Marino; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  169. Olympic.org, Solomon Islands; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  170. Olympic.org, Somalia; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  171. Olympic.org, Serbia; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  172. Olympic.org, Sri Lanka; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  173. Olympic.org, São Tomé and Príncipe; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  174. Olympic.org, Sudan; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  175. Olympic.org, Switzerland; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  176. Olympic.org, Suriname; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  177. Olympic.org, Slovakia; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  178. Olympic.org, Sweden; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  179. Olympic.org, Swaziland; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  180. Olympic.org, Syria; retrieved 2012-8-5.
  181. Olympic.org, Tanzania; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  182. Olympic.org, Tonga; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  183. Olympic.org, Thailand; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  184. Olympic.org, Tadjikistan; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  185. Olympic.org, Turkmenistan; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  186. Olympic.org, Timor-Leste; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  187. Olympic.org, Togo; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  188. In Olympic context, Chinese Taipei is the official name given to the team from the Republic of China.
  189. Olympic.org, Chinese Taipei[permanent dead link]; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  190. Olympic.org, Trinidad and Tobago; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  191. Olympic.org, Tunisia; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  192. Olympic.org, Turkey; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  193. Olympic.org, Tuvalu; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  194. Olympic.org, United Arab Emirates; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  195. Olympic.org, Uganda; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  196. Olympic.org, Ukraine; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  197. Olympic.org, Uruguay; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  198. Olympic.org, United States; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  199. Olympic.org, Uzbekistan; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  200. Olympic.org, Vanuatu; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  201. Olympic.org, Venezuela; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  202. Olympic.org, Vietnam; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  203. Olympic.org, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  204. Olympic.org, Yemen; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  205. Olympic.org, Zambia; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  206. Olympic.org, Zimbabwe; retrieved 2012-8-2.
  207. Mallon, p. 28.
  208. Olympic.org, Olympic Medalists; retrieved 2012-8-2.

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